9TH INTERNATIONAL "BAŞKENT"

CONGRESS ON HUMANITIES AND

SOCIAL SCIENCES PROCEEDINGS
BOOK

MAY 20-23, 2023

ISBN: 978-625-6879-03-4

EDITORS
PROF. MUICO EARL JONES
PROF. AMELIE CHICO
SERHAT AKÇAN
 AUSTRALIA, AZERBAIJAN, BANGLADESH, CHINA, GRECEE, INDIA, PAKISTAN,
PHILIPPINES, POLAND, PORTUGAL, SAUDI ARABIA, SPAIN, TÜRKIYE, TURKISH
REPUBLIC OF NORTHERN CYPRUS, MALAYSIA, MOROCCO, NIGERIA,
UZBEKISTAN, QATAR, HOLLAND, MAURITIUS, KOSOVO, NORTH MACEDONIA

9TH INTERNATIONAL "BAŞKENT" CONGRESS ON

HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES PROCEEDINGS
BOOK

MAY 20-23, 2023

(ONLINE & FACE TO FACE PARTICIPATION)
ISBN: 978-625-6879-03-4

EDIT ORS
PROF. MUICO EARL JONES
PROF. AME LIE CHICO
SERHAT AKÇAN
BZT AKADEMİ YAYINEVİ®
BZT ACADEMY PUBLISHING HOUSE©
TURKEY, GERMANY
TR: +90543 671 0123 GR: +491774586777
9th INTERNATIONAL BASKENT CONGRESS ON
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
MAY 20-23, 2023
ONLINE & IN-PERSON PARTICIPATION
ZOOM & ANKARA, TURKIYE

CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS
BOOK

EDITORS
PROF. MUICO EARL JONES
PROF. AMELIE CHICO
SERHAT AKÇAN
BZT AKADEMİ YAYINEVİ®
TÜRKİYE, GERMANY
TR: +90543 671 0123 GR: +491774586777
internationalbaskentcongress@gmail.com
https://www.baskentkongresi.com/

All rights reserved

BZT AKADEMİ YAYINEVİ®
BZT ACADEMY PUBLISHING HOUSE
Publishing Date: 29.05.2023
ISBN: 978-625-6879-03-4
 9th International Baskent Congress on Humanities and Social Sciences

THE ROLE OF THE GREAT LEADER HEYDAR ALIYEV

IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AZERBAIJANI SCIENCE
AND EDUCATION

Sudaba Huseynova
Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Caucasus Studies of ANAS,
Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology, Associate Professor
Azerbaijan
ORCİD: 0000-0002-7730-5094

Abstract
The article focuses on the development of science and education policy in Azerbaijan.
Based on the concept of education policy, the author notes that science and education cover two
independent areas, but one can not isolate one from the other. From this point of view, science education
problems should be addressed in a comprehensive manner. The development of these two independent
systems is interrelated. Because it is impossible for the scienceless education of science without
education.

At the same time, he speaks about the great services rendered by national leader Heydar Aliyev in the
development of science and education in Azerbaijan. It is noted that the implementation of the national
scientific-educational reforms laid by our great leader Heydar Aliyev is being continued by President
Ilham Aliyev today.

Keywords: Heydar Aliyev, great leader, Azerbaijani education, science-education policy, education
system, state policy.

The development of each country depends on the educational policy implemented by it. In modern
times, experts consider continuous development and education as a single system. According to them,
the future development of social institutions is directly related to quality education.

Based on the concept of education policy, it can be said that although science and education contain
two independent fields, it is impossible to isolate one of them from the other. From this point of view, the
problems of science and education should be approached in a complex manner. Since both directions are
part of the general state policy and have a strategic nature, their integration is necessary. It is necessary
to develop these two independent systems in an interconnected manner. Because it is impossible to exist
without science and education without science.

527
 9th International Baskent Congress on Humanities and Social Sciences

Throughout history, mankind has viewed education as a force for its spiritual evolution. As stated in
the “Reform Program in the field of education of the Republic of Azerbaijan”, “the formation of science
and culture, which are important factors of the progress of the society, and the intellectual potential of
the people, is provided by its educational system” (1, p. 3).

In other words, education plays a decisive role in establishing the future of the society. Attention is
paid to its development towards humanitarian results of an integrative nature based on more democratic
and humanistic principles. At all stages of the reform, the potential gathered at each level of education
is developed against the background of the educational experience of the most developed and advanced
countries of the world, and a system suitable for today’s political, economic and social lifestyle is created.

Since the education of the personality and citizen is the essence of the education policy of Azerbaijan,
it is established as a special article in the “Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Education”: “The main
goal of education in the Republic of Azerbaijan is to educate people who understand their responsibility
before the state of Azerbaijan, respect the national traditions and principles of democracy, human rights
and freedoms of their people. is to educate independent and creative thinking citizens and personalities
who are loyal to the ideas of patriotism and Azerbaijaniism” (7, p. 11).

National leader Heydar Aliyev made great contributions to the development of science and education
in Azerbaijan. It is no coincidence that the years 1969-1982 are also remembered as the renaissance
period of Azerbaijani science and education. As a result of the determination and strong will of the great
leader, more than 700 school buildings were built and put into use in those years. In these years, the
number of higher education institutions in the Republic has increased from 12 to 17, and the number of
students studying here has increased from 70,000 to 100,000.

The Educational Reform Program authored by Heydar Aliyev occupies an important place in the
history of education of the new era. These reforms covered most areas of education, but the main
direction was focused on the development of secondary general education schools and strengthening of
their material and technical bases.

During the years of Heydar Aliyev’s rule, a number of successful steps were taken to improve the
social condition of Azerbaijani teachers. In these years, our state has increased the salaries of teachers,
awarded them with various honorary titles, etc. has greatly increased the interest of teaching staff in the
quality of education. Improving the material and technical base of education was one of the important
issues faced by our state.

It is known that the political events of the 1990s had a strong impact on the material and technical base
of education. Our schools were overcrowded, most schools were in a state of disrepair, school equipment
was completely unusable, and there was no heating system. The great leader set the preparation of the
State Program for the construction of new schools as an important issue, and on February 17, 2003, the
national leader announced the “Program on the construction of new general education schools in the
Republic of Azerbaijan, major repair of existing schools and provision of modern educational equipment
(2003-2007) signed an order on approval (5).

In general, 16 State Programs serving the development of education have been adopted in recent years.
These Programs determine the directions of state-important activities that envisage the development of
pre-school education, technical profession, secondary general education and higher schools.

At the end of the 20th century, in the first years after the restoration of national independence,
especially in 1991-1993, the general crisis situation led to fundamental problems in the field of education.
It was possible to eliminate this critical situation only after national leader Heydar Aliyev returned to the
leadership of the republic at the insistence of the people, and to determine the important directions of

528
 9th International Baskent Congress on Humanities and Social Sciences

state policy in the field of science and education. From that stage, the great leader prevented the decline
prevailing in various spheres of social life, including the scientific-intellectual sphere, created favorable
economic conditions, legal and moral environment for the development of education. Attention and care
to the army of many thousands of intellectuals working in the field of science has been strengthened, the
pace of the “brain drain” abroad has been slowed down, and the integration of Azerbaijani science into
the world on a national basis has been brought up to date as the main task (2, p. 111).

The return to power of the great leader Heydar Aliyev marked the beginning of a new era in the
education policy of independent Azerbaijan. In accordance with the decisions he made, the decrees and
orders he signed, a revival took place in the field of education, educational reforms were encouraged, the
educational system was reconstructed, and most importantly, the foundation was laid for the transition
to a secular education system. Undoubtedly, a number of progressive steps were taken as a result of the
intense activity of the great leader during that period. Ensuring economic development in the country
led to the growth of the state budget and, in turn, to the strengthening of the material and technical base
of education at the expense of funds allocated from the budget, to the acceleration and reconstruction of
educational reforms as a whole. The future of every society, state, nation is closely related to its science,
education and culture.

Heydar Aliyev, an intellectual who values science and education, who ensures the purity of these
fields, who took decisive steps to maintain the glory of the name of a scientist, laid the foundation for the
development of the republic on scientific principles, opened new schools and scientific research institutes,
and ensured transparency and objectivity in the admission process to higher education institutions. and
sent thousands of young people to study in leading higher education institutions of foreign countries to
train Azerbaijani personnel for the future.

Based on the great leader’s concept of education policy, it can be said that although science and
education contain two independent fields, it is impossible to isolate one of them from the other. From
this point of view, the problems of science and education should be approached in a complex manner.
Since both directions are part of the general state policy and have a strategic nature, their integration
is necessary. It is necessary to develop these two independent systems in an interconnected manner.
Because it is impossible to exist without science and education without science (2, p. 111).

The 20th century is a special stage in the systematic development of science, which has an ancient
history and great traditions in Azerbaijan. In spite of all ideological difficulties, with the establishment
and activity of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR in 1945, our people managed to achieve
greater success in the field of science. Taking into account the nature and uniqueness of the new structure,
Heydar Aliyev took important steps to ensure that the Academy of Sciences operates in accordance with
the principles of an independent state even after the restoration of national independence. Based on
the decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Heydar Aliyev, dated January 4, 2003, the
status of the National Academy of Sciences and the fields of activity to be covered were determined,
and the work of coordinating the scientific research works of all scientific institutions and universities
across the country was entrusted to the academy. With that important historical decree, for the first time
during the multi-year activity of the National Academy of Sciences, broad powers were granted to this
institution. The mentioned decree states: “Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, which organizes
and ensures the development of science in the Republic of Azerbaijan, implements the scientific and
scientific-technical policy of the state, coordinates and directs the activities of all scientific institutions
and universities in the Republic of Azerbaijan, and directs the activities of the Republic of Azerbaijan
in the field of scientific and scientific-technical activities in foreign countries is a higher state scientific
organization that represents (4, p. 3).

529
 9th International Baskent Congress on Humanities and Social Sciences

Heydar Aliyev saw science and education as the basis of all possible achievements, both in Azerbaijan
and abroad. Since science is a universal value due to its nature and functions, its development is impossible
if it is isolated from the world science and information system. In Heydar Aliyev’s concession for the
management of the organization and development of science, the information provision of scientific
research is of great importance. For this purpose, even in the 70s of the last century, the national leader
advised Azerbaijani scientists to establish scientific cooperation relations with scientists of the Union
Republic and other countries, to actively participate in all-Union scientific conferences and symposia,
and to represent Azerbaijani science with dignity. Even during the years of Soviet rule, when there
were no computers in the republic, Heydar Aliyev paid special attention to the issue of wide use of the
possibilities of modern technical tools while addressing the issues of information provision of scientific
research. At the same time, he highly appreciates the role of libraries and archives, which collect
information of various types, and repeatedly emphasized that their preservation as a national treasure is
a matter of state importance (3, p. 7-8).

The implementation of the national education reforms founded by our great leader Heydar Aliyev is
continued by the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev. In our modern era, the introduction
of new learning technologies is a requirement of reform. Technology is a scientific language element.
Technology is to achieve the goal in a simple and efficient way. This requires continuous learning of
a set of training methods. In our modern era, a new normative legal, economic and information base
of the education system has been created, and new types of science education centers and educational
institutions have been established. Educational scientific methodical and information provision of
education is built according to real demand. In the Republic of Azerbaijan, the great leader H. Aliyev’s
wise saying “Education is the future of the nation” is implemented at a high level with the “State Program
for Socio-Economic Development of Regions in the Republic of Azerbaijan” signed by President Ilham
Aliyev (2004-2008). Ninety-seven articles of this program are related to education (6, p. 109).

In August 2004, our honorable President Ilham Aliyev, who declared the field of education as one
of the priorities of the country’s development, signed a decree approving the program of providing
secondary schools with information and communication technologies. That Program covered the years
2005-2007 and its realization has already been ensured. Today, the ratio of 1 computer for every
29 students of V-XI grades of secondary general education schools was decided. However, before the
program, this indicator was 1 computer per 1000 students. Also, for the first time in the history of our
country, electronic textbooks, training materials and visual aids were prepared for the subjects of history
of Azerbaijan, chemistry, physics, and biology. An “electronic school” project has been developed in
several schools. In 2008, by the order of the head of state, the “State Program for Informatization of
the Education System (2008-2012)” was adopted. This is considered a decisive stage of the application
of ICT in the educational system. Taking into account the urgency of the issue, a new department
was created in the Ministry of Education in this field. Targeted work is being done today towards the
realization of that program.

Development-oriented programs adopted by our state in relation to education give a sustainable

character to the development of our education and make it possible to establish it at the level of world
standards. Pedagogical personnel training, development of creative potential of children with special
talents, modernization of preschool education, provision of equipment to schools, study of young
people abroad, improvement of technical vocational education, development of higher schools, etc.
some of the adopted programs related to the issues have been implemented, and some are about to be
implemented. Today, we can proudly say that in the field of school construction, Azerbaijan occupies
one of the first places in the CIS. Mr. President, a successful follower of the great leader’s policy, has set
school construction as a very important issue, and new programs are currently being implemented in this
field. A separate State Program for the construction of new schools was adopted in Baku and Absheron.

530
 9th International Baskent Congress on Humanities and Social Sciences

In addition, in the State Program on the development of regions, the issue of school construction in
individual regions of the country was in the center of attention.

Thus, we paid attention to the state care for the development of various fields of science and education
in the Republic of Azerbaijan, the regular provision of this development and the reforms carried out in
the field of science and education.

LITERATURE
Azərbaycan Respublikasının təhsil sahəsində İslahat proqramı. Bakı: Çaşıoğlu, 1999, 72 s.
Cavadova A. Heydər Əliyev və Azərbaycanda elm-təhsil siyasətinin inkişafı // Ümummilli lider Heydər Əliyevin
anadan olmasının 94-cü ildönümünə həsr olunmuş VIII beynəlxalq elmi konfransın materialları // Azərbay-
canşünaslığın aktual problemləri. Bakı, 4-5 may, 2017, s. 111
Əliyeva A. Heydər Əliyev və Azərbaycan elmi. Kəngərli. Bakı, 2010
Həbibbəyli İ. Azərbaycan elminin müasir inkişaf mərhələsinin banisi. “Azəbaycan”, 2016, 11 dekabr, №275, s. 3
Qəzənfəroğlu M. Xalq qəzeti. 2010, 18 iyun, s. 5
http://www.anl.az/down/meqale/xalqqazeti/2010/iyun/125308.htm
Səmədov A. Ümummilli liderimiz H.Əliyevin Azərbaycanda təhsilə və təhsil xadimlərinə qayğısı. Gəncə, 2010
Təhsil haqqında Azərbaycan Respublikasının Qanunu. Bakı: Hüquq ədəbiyyatı, 2009, 80 s.

531