History

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, were adopted by
the United Nations in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and
ensure that by 2030 all people enjoy peace and prosperity.
The 17 SDGs are integrated—they recognize that action in one area will affect outcomes in
others, and that development must balance social, economic and environmental sustainability.
Countries have committed to prioritize progress for those who're furthest behind. The SDGs are
designed to end poverty, hunger, AIDS, and discrimination against women and girls.
The creativity, knowhow, technology and financial resources from all of society is necessary to
achieve the SDGs in every context.

Goals of SDG

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to transform our world. They are a call to
action to end poverty and inequality, protect the planet, and ensure that all people enjoy health,
justice and prosperity.

SGD 13 CLIMATE ACTION

There is no country that is not experiencing the drastic effects of climate change. Greenhouse
gas emissions are more than 50 percent higher than in 1990. Global warming is causing long-
lasting changes to our climate system, which threatens irreversible consequences if we do not
act.
The annual average economic losses from climate-related disasters are in the hundreds of
billions of dollars. This is not to mention the human impact of geo-physical disasters, which are
91 percent climate-related, and which between 1998 and 2017 killed 1.3 million people, and left
4.4 billion injured. The goal aims to mobilize US$100 billion annually by 2020 to address the
needs of developing countries to both adapt to climate change and invest in low-carbon
development.
Supporting vulnerable regions will directly contribute not only to Goal 13 but also to the other
SDGs. These actions must also go hand in hand with efforts to integrate disaster risk measures,
sustainable natural resource management, and human security into national development
strategies. It is still possible, with strong political will, increased investment, and using existing
technology, to limit the increase in global mean temperature to two degrees Celsius above pre-
industrial levels, aiming at 1.5°C, but this requires urgent and ambitious collective action.

SDG 13 focuses on the need to take urgent action to end climate change, which
affects every country in the world. According to the UN, climate scientists have
already shown that people are responsible for global warming over the past 200
years. Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, loss of
forests, or agricultural and livestock activities using fertilisers and other
chemicals, have been the main drivers of climate change.

GOALS TARGETS

 Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural

disasters in all countries
 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning
 Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate
change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning
 Implement the commitment undertaken by developed-country parties to the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to a goal of mobilizing jointly $100
billion annually by 2020 from all sources to address the needs of developing countries in
the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation and
fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as
possible
 Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate change-related planning
and management in least developed countries and Small Island developing States,
including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized communities

PHILIPPINES CONTRIBUTION
1.) MCR2030 is a unique cross-stakeholder initiative for improving local resilience through
advocacy, sharing knowledge and experiences, establishing mutually reinforcing city-to-
city learning networks, injecting technical expertise, connecting multiple layers of
government, and building partnerships. It is a global partnership of experts in urban
resilience, DRR, climate change, and the SDGs, including core partners: R-Cities, C40
Cities, ICLEI, the international federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies,
JICA, the United Cities and Local Governments, UN Human Settlements Programme,
UNDRR, UN Office for Project Services, The World Bank Group, and the World Council
on City Data. With an eye to helping cities work towards achieving the Sendai
Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, the New Urban Agenda, the Paris Agreement,
and the Sustainable Development Goals, by 2030, the main strategic objectives of the
MCR2030 include:
Increase city understanding of risk and commitments to disaster risk reduction and resilience
Increase city capacities to plan for risk reduction and resilience
Increase city capacities to implement resilience actions and reduce risks
Implementing Agency: Department of National Defense – Office of Civil Defense
Target Beneficiaries:
LGUs (Cities, Municipalities) who are interested to build urban resilience, through the benefit of
sharing experiences from its vast network.
Key Accomplishments:
The Pre-Sign Up Clinic and Ceremonial Launch of the MCR 2030 in the Philippines was hosted
by the OCD last 26 and 29 October 2021 with the objective of committing or renewing new
commitments to the MCR. A total of 65 cities/municipalities expressed or renewed their
interest(s) to join MCR 2030.

2.) Survival and Recovery (SURE) Assistance Program

The Survival and Recovery (SURE) Assistance Program of the DA-Agricultural Credit Policy
Council aims to support the government’s goal of helping agricultural households in calamity-
affected areas regain their capacity to earn a living; and provide immediate relief to small
farmers and fisherfolk through loan and grant assistance. DA’s SURE Loan Program will restore
the normalcy in the livelihood of farmers and fishermen by helping lessen the burden of being
left on their own and recover from their losses. The project will help build resilience of the poor
and those in vulnerable situations by reducing vulnerability to disasters and the economic shock
that comes with it.

3.) WEATHER RESEARCH AND FORECASTING

Providing High Resolution (5km) Climate Change Projections in the Philippines using
Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model
This project by the DOST-PAGASA aims to provide a high-resolution (5km) climate change
projection using WRF model, covering the entire Philippines, using the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5
climate change scenarios, for both precipitation and temperature. The outputs from the
system are expected to contribute to the updating of the LGUs’ CC-DRR-enhanced local
plans (i.e., CLUP, LCCAP). This project is expected to contribute in strengthening the
resilience and adaptive capacity of communities and ecosystems to climate-related hazards
and natural disasters by providing timely and accurate disaster and climate information that
will support risk-informed planning, particularly at the local level (SDG13.1).
 4.) Geological Assessment for Risk Reduction and Resiliency
The program by the DENR-Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) aims to capacitate
communities to adapt to geologic hazards, as well as provide critical data on groundwater
resources. It has two components, namely: Geohazard Assessment and Groundwater Resource
Assessment. This program is expected to contribute in strengthening the resilience and
adaptive capacity of communities and ecosystems to climate-related hazards and natural
disasters by providing timely and accurate disaster and climate information that will support risk-
informed planning, particularly at the local level (SDG13.1).
5.) Automation of Flood Early Warning System for Disaster Mitigation in Metro Manila
The project by the Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Atmospheric,
Geophysical, Astronomical Services Administration (DOST-PAGASA) aims to develop an
enhanced flood early warning system (FEWS), and to boost the capacity of mandated agencies
to monitor and manage the worsening problem of flood in Metro Manila. This project is expected
to contribute in strengthening the resilience and adaptive capacity of communities and
ecosystems to climate-related hazards and natural disasters by providing timely and accurate
disaster and climate information that will support risk-informed planning, particularly at the local
level (SDG13.1).
Target 13.1
Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in
all countries
INDICATORS:
13.1.1
Number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per
100,000 population
13.1.2
Number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk reduction strategies in line
with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030
13.1.3
Proportion of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction
strategies in line with national disaster risk reduction strategies
Target 13.2
Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning
INDICATORS:
13.2.1
Number of countries with nationally determined contributions, long-term strategies, national
adaptation plans and adaptation communications, as reported to the secretariat of the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
13.2.2
Total greenhouse gas emissions per year

Target 13.3
Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change
mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning
INDICATORS:
Extent to which (i) global citizenship education and (ii) education for sustainable development
are mainstreamed in (a) national education policies; (b) curricula; (c) teacher education; and (d)
student assessment

Target 13.a
Implement the commitment undertaken by developed-country parties to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change to a goal of mobilizing jointly $100 billion annually
by 2020 from all sources to address the needs of developing countries in the context of
meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation and fully operationalize the
Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as possible
INDICATORS:
13.a.1
Amounts provided and mobilized in United States dollars per year in relation to the continued
existing collective mobilization goal of the $100 billion commitment through to 2025
Target 13.b
Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate change-related planning and
management in least developed countries and small island developing States, including
focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized communities
INDICATORS:
Number of least developed countries and small island developing States with nationally
determined contributions, long-term strategies, national adaptation plans and adaptation
communications, as reported to the secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change
SGD 14 LIFE BELOW WATER

The world’s oceans – their temperature, chemistry, currents and life – drive global systems that
make the Earth habitable for humankind. How we manage this vital resource is essential for
humanity as a whole, and to counterbalance the effects of climate change.
Over three billion people depend on marine and coastal biodiversity for their livelihoods.
However, today we are seeing 30 percent of the world’s fish stocks overexploited, reaching
below the level at which they can produce sustainable yields.
Oceans also absorb about 30 percent of the carbon dioxide produced by humans, and we are
seeing a 26 percent rise in ocean acidification since the beginning of the industrial revolution.
Marine pollution, an overwhelming majority of which comes from land-based sources, is
reaching alarming levels, with an average of 13,000 pieces of plastic litter to be found on every
square kilometer of ocean.
The SDGs aim to sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems from
pollution, as well as address the impacts of ocean acidification. Enhancing conservation and the
sustainable use of ocean-based resources through international law will also help mitigate some
of the challenges facing our oceans.
SDG 14 aims to protect and ensure the sustainable use of oceans. This includes reducing
marine pollution and ocean acidification, end overfishing and conserve marine and coastal
ecosystems. SDG 14 is strongly related to other SDGs as oceans sustain coastal economies
and livelihoods, contribute to food production and function as a carbon sink.

GOALS TARGETS

 By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from
land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution
 By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid
significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action
for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans
 Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced
scientific cooperation at all levels
 By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and
unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based
management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to
levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological
characteristics
  By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with
national and international law and based on the best available scientific information
 By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity
and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated
fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and
effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries
should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies
negotiation
 By 2030, increase the economic benefits to Small Island developing States and least
developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through
sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism
 Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine
technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean
health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of
developing countries, in particular Small Island developing States and least developed
countries
 Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets
 Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by
implementing international law as reflected in UNCLOS, which provides the legal
framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as
recalled in paragraph 158 of The Future We Want

STATISTICS
75 PERCENT
The Ocean covers three quarters of the earth's surface and represents 99 percent of the living
space on the planet
200K
The ocean contains nearly 200,000 identified species but actual numbers may lie in the millions
40 PERCENT
As much as 40 percent of the ocean is heavily affected by pollution, depleted fisheries, loss of
coastal habitats and other human activities
30 PERCENT
The ocean absorbs about 30% of carbon dioxide produced by humans, buffering the impacts of
global warming
3 BILLION
More than 3 billion people depends on marine and coastal biodiversity for their livelihoods
TARGETS AND INDICATORS

Target 14.1
By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-
based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution
INDICATORS: (a) Index of coastal eutrophication; and (b) plastic debris densit
Target 14.2
By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant
adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration
in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans
INDICATORS: Number of countries using ecosystem-based approaches to managing marine
areas
Target 14.3
Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific
cooperation at all levels
INDICATORS: Average marine acidity (pH) measured at agreed suite of representative
sampling stations
Target 14.4
Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets
INDICATORSL: Degree of application of a legal/regulatory/policy/institutional framework which
recognizes and protects access rights for small‐scale fisheries
Target 14.5
Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing
international law as reflected in United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which
provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their
resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of "The future we want"
INDICATORS: Number of countries making progress in ratifying, accepting and implementing
through legal, policy and institutional frameworks, ocean-related instruments that implement
international law, as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, for the
conservation and sustainable use of the oceans and their resources
PHILIPPINES CONTRIBUTION
1.) National Search for Outstanding Coastal Community Malinis at Masaganang
Karagatan (MMK) (CLEAN AND PLENTIFUL OCEAN)
The MMK program of the DA-BFAR aims to promote fisheries protection and conservation,
centers on the significance of sustainably managing our fisheries and aquatic resources, and
promotes stakeholder engagement to the cause of resource protection and conservation. The
Search for Malinis at Masaganang Karagatan aims to recognize outstanding initiatives and
contributions of coastal municipalities/cities to sustainable fisheries development. This program
will indirectly support SDG 14.2 to sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal
ecosystems and SDG 14.4 which aims to effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing,
illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices.

2.) National Stock Assessment Program (NSAP)

This program by the DA-Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DA-BFAR) conducts
assessment of major pelagic and demersal species in major fishing grounds of the county
through establishment of standardized time series and biological data by fishing ground
(bays/gulfs/seas), which are fundamental to science-based fisheries management, formulation
of policies, plans and strategies. This program will support SDG 14.4 which aims to effectively
regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and
destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, based from their
biological characteristics.

3.) Coastal and Marine Ecosystems Management Program (CMEMP)

This program by the DENR-BMB aims to comprehensively manage, address and effectively
reduce the drivers and threats of degradation of the coastal and marine ecosystems in order to
achieve and promote sustainability of ecosystem services, food security, and climate change
resiliency. It covers all the NIPAS marine protected areas, marine key biodiversity areas and
adjacent municipal waters. This program will directly contribute to SDG 14.2 which aims to
sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems and will indirectly support SDG
14.5 targeting to conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with
national and international law and based on the best available scientific information.