I.

Early Tudor Period

Famous Writers and Their Works
1. Martin Luther
- This Luther enrolled in laws school but dropped out shortly after began studying theology and philosophy.
- He also one of most figures in Christian history. Because Martin Luther was the one who brought about the
Protestant Reformation when he challenged the Catholic Church’s teachings in one of his writing Ninety-Five
Thesis that was published on October 31, 1517. He argued that church had to be reformed because he
believed that individual can only be saved by personal faith in Jesus and God’s grace. So according to him is
salvation can only possible through the faith of God. He thought that the way how the Catholic church
practices is immoral or unethical for him. Kasi para sa kanya is yong Bible yong totoo not the teaching of the
church.
- So, his ideas contributed at the beginning of the Reformation, which would eventually lead to the
establishment of Protestantism as the main force in the Christian world after Roman Catholism and Eastern
Orthodoxy.
Major Works:
 The Ninety-Five Thesis (1517)
 To the Cristian Nobility of German Nation (1520)
 On the Freedom of Christianity
 On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church
Most of his writing is more on reformation
II. Elizabethan Period

1. William Sheakespeare’s
-He was a well-known to his English poet, playwright and also actor. So, he regarded as one of the best writings
during the Elizabethan era.
- He frequently referred to be a member of the Elizabethan era according scholars and historian.
-He contributed to the renaissance by creating a new style of writing plays. At that time, it was a big deal that he
combined tragedy and comedy. another contribution Shakespeare made to the renaissance was the Globe Theater. It
was built by his playing company but burned down in June of 1613.
-He primarily wrote for the Elizabethan stage that would simply entertain the audience. Sheakespeare catered his
plays to what he thought would interest the audience the most.
Famous Works:
 Hamlet
 King Lear and Mac Beth
 Othello
 Romeo and Juliet

2. Thomas Kyd
- Was an English playwright and was popular and influential during his new genre in English theater The Spanish
Tragedy, or the revenge play or revenge tragedy.
-He is one of the important figures in the development of Elizabethan drama because he was best known for his
influential work, the Spanish Tragedy
Famous Work:
 The Spanish of Strategy
 The Murder of John Brewen
 Fair Em
 Arden of Faversham
 Solyman and Perseda
 The Householder’s Philosophy

3. Edmund Spencer
- Spenser is called 'the child of Renaissance and Reformation', because the principles and goals of the Renaissance
and Reformation are best examples in his works.
- Recognized as one of the premier craftsmen of nascent Modern English verse
- Invented Spenserian Sonnets and Spenserian stanzas had an impact on writers throughout history
- Edmund Spences was an English poet best known for The Faerie Queene; it is the long allegorical poem which
considered one of the greatest in the English language. And it is written in Spenserial stanza.
- His work reflects the religious, humanistic, and nationalistic ideals of Elizabethan England.
Famous Works:
 The Shepheardes Calender (1579)
 The Faerie Queene (1590, 1596) A
 ‘‘Amoretti’’ and ‘‘Epithalamion’’ (1595)
 Prothalamion (1596)
  A View of the Present State of Ireland (1633)

III. Jacobean Period

1. Aemeilia Lanyer
- The first woman in England to publish a book of poetry and is considered England's first feminist writer.
- Her entire collection of poems is devoted to female readers
- Was a Londoner of Jewish-Italian descent and the mistress of Queen Elizabeth's Lord Chamberlain
Famous Works:
 Salve Deus Rex Judaerum
 The Description of Cooke-ham

IV. Caroline Age

C. Metaphysics Poetry
-Identified as the use of elaborative figure of speech, innovative ideas, paradoxes, and philosophical topics/subjects
-Addition common qualities are the use of colloquial diction, philosophical exploration, new and original conceits, irony,
and the relaxed use of the meter
-Under metaphysic poetry, the topics of interest often included love, religion, and morality
Important writers included:
1. George Herbert
 The collar
 Easter wings
 A wreath
 Church monuments
 The pearl
Themes: Priests’ Role in Religious Life, Pain of Love, Religious Doubt,
God’s Love, Divine Union, Role of Prayer

2. Andrew Marvell
 To his coy mistress
 The definition of love
 Bermudas
 The garden
Themes: captivity and liberation

3. Henry Vaughan
 The collection of Silex Scintillians
Themes: Salvation and eternal life, peace and happiness exist only through God.

4. John Donne
- best-known metaphysical poet. His poetry is often cited as the best example of the movement.
 Holy sonnet: death may not found
 The flea
 The good-morrow
 The canonization
Themes: sorrow of parting, misery of secrecy, falseness of the mistress, fickleness of the lover, a contempt for
love itself.