LIVERPOOL JOHN MOORES UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

6501CIVSL INFRASTRUCTURE, HIGHWAY DESIGN AND INNOVATION

DATE 2 Hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES – Candidates are requested to read the following

instructions and complete the answer book cover sheet as far as possible before
starting the examination.

Answer ALL questions.

ALL questions carry equal marks.

Please write in the answer book provided and start a new page for each question.

Clearly state the number of each question attempted.

The use of a silent, non-programmable, scientific calculator is permitted provided that

it does not have transmission facilities.

Candidates are not permitted to use pre-programmed calculators or computers.

Marks will be awarded for clarity of expression and quality of content.

An equation sheet is included with this paper.

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Q1. a) List seven key targets included in the National Infrastructure Assessment
(July 2018).
(7 marks)
b) What are three main types of public charge points primarily based on the
power output?
(3 marks)
c) Justify the importance of the ‘Road to zero’ concept and government
intervention in combatting climate change.
(6 marks)
d) Discuss platooning, connected and autonomous vehicles.
(4 marks)

Q2. a) What are the three major objectives in the drainage of the UK motorway and
all-purpose road network?
(3 marks)

b) Define the hydraulic radius (R) and the hydraulic radius factor (r) used in
calculating the open channel flow of a surface channel.

Develop the expressions for the above two parameters of a surface channel
with a triangular shaped cross section as shown below.

y
1: b1 1: b2

(6 marks)

c) Calculate the design flow rate (Qd) of an intermediate outlet in a triangular

surface water channel with the following design details;

Crossfalls – 1:4

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 Design flow depth – 0.150 m
Slope (S) – 0.005
n – 0.013
Carriageway crossfall 1: 40.
(6 marks)

d) Why does urban drainage use short return periods?

(5 marks)

Q3. a) What are the two most common forms of grade separated junctions and
sketch them to show the main features?
(4 marks)

b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of junction named “Cloverleaf

Interchange”?
(8 marks)
c) What is the probability of 6 cars travelling over a bridge at the same time, if
it takes 10 seconds to cross the bridge and the average number of cars per
minute on that road is 30?

(𝑞𝑡)𝑛 𝑒 −𝑞𝑡
𝑃(𝑛) =
n!

(4 marks)

d) If a car travels 6 minutes at 50 km/hr and then 8 minutes at 90 km/hr, what

is its average speed for the total travelled period?

(4 marks)

Q4. a) Discuss the use of 5G in mobile communication in terms of safety and

sustainability.
(5 marks)

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 b) Why do electricity suppliers use high voltage to transmit energy for long
distances.
(3 marks)
c) Calculate the Reference Flow/Capacity Ratio (RFC) for each arm of a 3-arm
roundabout for the factored flow rates given in Table Q4a. Assume that
𝑄𝐸 = 1038 − 0.56𝑄𝐶 , where Qc is the circulating flow.
(10 marks)
Table Q4a: Factored Flow Rates
qAB 487
qAC 502
qBC 224
qBA 372
qCA 432
qCB 378

(A, B and C represent the arms in a clockwise direction)

d) How can you protect yourself from natural gas at home?

(2 marks)

Q5. a) Define and explain “entrepreneurship”?

(2 marks)
b) Briefly explain the terms “creativity” and “innovation”.
(4 marks)
c) Calculate the blade length of a wind turbine that can produce 5.5 𝑀𝑊 with a
wind velocity of 42𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟 if the density of air is 1.225𝑘𝑔/𝑚3, the power
coefficient is 0.40, and the generator efficiency is 94%.
(6 marks)

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 d) Discuss the need for promoting renewable energy to reduce the adverse
impacts from the climate change.
(2 marks)
e) Explain briefly about the pros and cons of two of the following renewable
energy sources:
1- Solar energy.
2- Hydroelectric and tidal power.
3- Wind.
4- Nuclear power.
5- Biomass energy.
(6 marks)

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