ATTENDANCE SYSTEM USING OPEN CV

A Project report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of

the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology

in

Computer Science and Engineering (Artificial Intelligence)

by

Muskan Rehwani, Reg No: PCE21CA034

Sudhanshu Tiwari, Reg No: PCE21CA050
Tarun Sharma, Reg No: PCE21CA055
Vishal Khandelwal , Reg No: PCE21CA0 60

under the guidance of

Ms. Archika Jain, Assistant Professor(CSE)

(Session 2022-23)
Department of Advanced Computing

Poornima College of Engineering

ISI-6, RIICO Institutional Area, Sitapura, Jaipur – 302022
December, 2022

1
 Department Certificate

This is to certify that Ms. Muskan Rehwani, registration no. PCE21CA034, of the Department of Advanced

Computing, has submitted this project report entitled “Attendance System Using Open CV” under the

supervision of Prof. Ms. Archika Jain, working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer

Engineering of Poornima College of Engineering, Jaipur.

Dr. Mithilesh Arya Ms. Archika Jain

Dy. Head, Dept. of Advanced Computing NSP Coordinator

2
 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work which is being presented in this project report entitled “Attendance System

Using Open CV” in the partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in

Computer Engineering(Artificial Intelligence), submitted in the Department of Advanced Computing,

Poornima College of Engineering, Jaipur, is an authentic record of my own work done during the period

from July 2022 to Dec 2022 under the supervision and guidance of Prof. Ms. Archika Jain.

I have not submitted the matter embodied in this project report for the award of any other degree.

Signature Signature

Name of Candidate: Muskan Rehwani Name of Candidate: Tarun Sharma

Registration no.: PCE21CA034 Registration no.: PCE21CA055
Signature Signature

Name of Candidate: Sudhanshu Tiwari Name of Candidate: Vishal Khandelwal

Registration no.: PCE21CA050 Registration no.: PCE21CA060

Date:
Place: Jaipur

3
 SUPERVISOR’S CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my knowledge.

Date : Signature
Place : Jaipur Ms. Archika Jain
(Assistant Professor)
Poornima College of Engineering, Sitapura, Jaipur

4
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to convey my profound sense of reverence and admiration to my supervisor Ms. Archika Jain,
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Engineering, Poornima College of Engineering, for her
intense concern, attention, priceless direction, guidance, and encouragement throughout this research work.
I am grateful to Dr. Mahesh Bundele, Director of Poornima College of Engineering for his helping attitude
with a keen interest in completing this dissertation in time.
I extend my heartiest gratitude to all the teachers, who extended their cooperation to steer the topic toward
its successful completion. I am also thankful to the non-teaching staff of the department to support in the
preparation of this dissertation work.
My special heartfelt gratitude goes to Dr. Mithilesh Arya, Dy. Head, Department of Advanced
Computing, Ms. Archika Jain, Project Coordinator, Department of Advanced Computing, Poornima
College of Engineering, for unvarying support, guidance, and motivation during the course of this research.
I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude towards the management of Poornima College of
Engineering including Dr. S. M. Seth, Chairman Emeritus, Poornima Group, and former Director NIH,
Roorkee, Shri Shashikant Singhi, Chairman, Poornima Group, Mr. M. K. M. Shah, Director Admin &
Finance, Poornima Group, and Ar. Rahul Singhi, Director Poornima Group for the establishment of the
institute and for providing facilities for my studies.
I would like to take the opportunity of expressing my thanks to all faculty members of the Department, for
their kind support, technical guidance, and inspiration throughout the course.
I am deeply thankful to my parents and all other family members for their blessings and inspiration. Last but
not least I would like to give special thanks to God who enabled me to complete my dissertation on time.

Muskan Rehwani, Department of Advanced Computing, <PCE21CA034 >

Tarun Sharma, Department of Advanced Computing, <PCE21CA055 >
Sudhanshu Tiwari, Department of Advanced Computing, <PCE21CA050 >
Vishal Khandelwal, Department of Advanced Computing, <PCE21CA060 >

5
 LIST OF FIGURES

S. No. Fig. No. Description Page No.

1 1 Methods of Face Recognition 13

2 2 DFD of Attendance System 14

3 3 Steps of Face Recognition using Camera 16

4 4 Image matching and verification 19

6
 LIST OF TABLES

Serial Table Description Page

Number Number Number
1 1 Explain the different Phases of face recognition in 18-19
Attendance Management System

7
 Table OF CONTENT

S. No. Title Chapter Name Page No.

Chapter 1 Introduction 10
1

Chapter 2 Problem Statement & Objective 11

2

Chapter 3 Literature Review 12-17

3

Chapter 4 Proposed Approach 18-19

4

Chapter 5 Conclusion & Future Scope 20

5

6 References 21

7 Literature Review Paper 22-27

8 Plag Report 28-29

8
Abstract
The Report is primarily concerned with the problem of face recognition. Every organization that relies on
people today must, as a first step, account for its employees. As a result, the various organizations must
spend a sizable sum of money on developing and maintaining an appropriate management system.
Government agencies and educational institutions frequently use paper-based systems to record attendance.
For instance, it requires quite some time to reach out to each student by calling their name name at the start
of the class in order to keep track of their attendance. Additional issues include fake signatures , names
mislaid from spread-sheets, manually entering data into the system, and the potential for fake or so called
proxy attendance.
These methods have a few issues that have gotten worse over time. It is essential to replace these antiquated
procedures with contemporary ones in order to track attendance. As a result, using modern technologies, a
numerous frequency of research and work has been produced in this area. Researchers are particularly
interested in the automatic identification of a particular individual based on identifying traits like a QR code,
fingerprint, an ID and password, or a face.
These days, face detection and facial recognition technologies are significant, and we've seen that they're
being used in a number of places, including Mobiles, the military, and even by the organizations. In order to
replace the traditional paper attendance system and the fingerprint - based attendance system, we chose to
create a gadget that can detect and recognize faces.
These days, face detection and facial recognition technologies are significant, and we've seen that they're
being used in a number of places, including cellphones, the military, and even high-risk information
organizations.
In order to replace the traditional paper attendance system and the finger print attendance management
system, we chose to create a gadget that can recognize faces .
This paper reviews recent progress on advanced automation attendance monitoring systems. Our critical
evaluation has concentrated on readings from the body of literature with regard to technology, application
domain, and key findings.
The urge for human-machine interaction is spreading quickly thanks to computer vision technology. Gesture
recognition is commonly used in robot control, and other characteristics. An essential part of human-
computer interaction is gesture recognition. People are becoming dissatisfied with gesture identification
based on wearable gadgets and are hoping for more natural gesture recognition. The effectiveness of human-
computer interaction may be greatly increased through computer vision-based gesture recognition, which
may conveniently and effectively transmit human thoughts and instructions to computers.

9
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Definition
Creating a face-detection-based automated attendance system for classes. To effectively install the system,
you'll need a video capture device. The faces are recognized, and attendance is recorded appropriately. With
the help of this approach, classrooms won't spend time on unnecessary roll calls, which are a common
classroom waste.

1.2 Project Objectives

1. Minimizing time wasted during regular class attendance.
2. Using the most recent developments in machine vision to put into practice a workable system for tracking
student attendance.
3. Creating a digital environment by automating the whole process.
4. It is only feasible to prevent faked roll calls by using one-to-one attendance marking.
5. Promoting the regular usage of technology.
A major time-consuming work in any institution, school or place of learning is keeping track of the staff or
learners within a class. For instance, taking attendance consumes both the lecture period and the teacher's
time. The school and community won't know whether the students are engaged in the lessons if the teacher
skips this step. Users' and employees' attendance has been regularly checked and recorded using a variety of
automated and human tracking approaches and techniques. It is encouraging to learn that studies have been
conducted to address this issue. Researchers have attempted to benefit from the various technologies
currently in use, including biometric-related systems, which use information about a person to identify
them. Biometric systems demand accurate information on biological traits that are unique to operate
properly. supplying information to algorithms for a specific output, usually attached to a user's or The
purpose of a biometric is to identify another person. the system is associated with GPS, QR Code, Barcode,
and Face and fingerprint recognition just two examples. illustrative of some biometric systems available,
which are some of the effective but also quite pricey options to fully automate the system. SMS technology,
sometimes "Text Message "has been used for tracking attendance concurrently with biometric methods. For
instance, Students or others are sent messages via SMS technology.
Families let them know that their kids are present for the classes or topics mentioned.
This strategy also ensures student safety after analyzing current attendance programs. The paper concludes
with an overview of the many options and a brief sample on the value of attendance management systems
and utilizing modern technology to address contemporary challenges. Computer vision-based gesture
recognition enables more natural interaction between people and technology. Its advantage is that the
environment has a smaller impact on it. There are fewer restrictions on users and more opportunities for
users to connect to computers, which enables computers to accurately and quickly understand human
commands. No special equipment is needed to follow the instructions. They may skillfully wrap up
conversations in silence.

10
 CHAPTER 2
PROBLEM STATEMENT & OBJECTIVE
One of the hardest and most time-consuming duties is controlling staff or student attendance. Each research
study tries to leverage different methods and tools, such as biometrics, IoT, and portable devices, to make
such a challenging task simpler. One of the methods is usually employed before entering attendance data
into the system. Different algorithms may be used to identify a person and inform teachers or facility
administrators on the level of employee engagement. Data storage and retrieval speed and efficiency will be
important factors. This review's objective is to summarize the most recent issues and findings in this field
and to provide a succinct overview of their significant contributions. The algorithms for recognising faces
will be used. The processed picture will then be compared to the already-stored record, and attendance will
then be recorded in the database as appropriate. This approch minimizes the effort of individuals as
compared to the current manual attendance marking, which is traditional attendance marking system.

The following is a broad description of the facial recognition issue. Determine or confirm one or more
people in the scene using still or moving photos of the scene and a database of faces. The search may be
narrowed down to improve recognition using other data such as age, gender, and face expression. Face
segments, face detection from crowded situations, feature extraction from the face region, and face region
recognition or varication are required for the problem to be solved. In identification issues, the system
receives an unknown face as input and feeds back the determined identity from a database of recognised
people. As opposed to verification issues, where the system must validate or reject the input face's stated
identity Numerous applications of FRT span from controlled-format static photos to uncontrollable video
pictures, providing a variety of technological obstacles and necessitating a variety of approaches from object
recognition to image processing. The problem and approaches may be generally divided into two areas.
matching between static and moving videos Depending on the particular application, even among these
classes there are major variances. There are disparities in picture quality, background clutter that
complicates segmentation algorithms, the availability of a specific matching criteria, quantity, and character
of user I/P.

11
 CHAPTER 3
LITERATURE REVIEW

Literature Review

Paper 1 :

Face Detection and Recognition System using Digital Image Processing

By : Gurlove Singh and Amit Kumar Goel

Summary - The most major part in identifying anybody is their face. Face recognition help in verifying any
person's identify by employing their unique characteristics because it serves as their own identity. Two parts
make up the full process of verifying any facial data. With the exception of cases where the item is situated
fairly far away, the first phase readily identifies faces. The second phase then begins, during which the faces
are identified as belonging to specific people. The entire process is then carried out once more to help create
a facial recognition model , one of the most carefully examined biometric technologies.
The primary task of a face recognition system is to recognize a known or unfamiliar face and take
appropriate action after the face has been discovered. People are frequently mistakenly refers to "facial
detection," but "face recognition" refers to "authenticating" a given face data based on face data that has
been stored in a database. The system is authenticated once the face data matches the database. The entire
facial recognition procedure is conducted using a variety of methodologies. Each method differs from other
ways in that it has its own advantages and disadvantages as well as some limits. The face recognition
technology that can reliably identify any face from a given photograph and that too in any situation thus
regarded as the best face detecting technology in any lighting environment.
The functioning of the face recognition system may be further separated into two components. The first
stage of the process is classification, where the system uses some random photos as input and outputs a yes
or no response depending on whether a face is present. In the second step of face identification, a block for a
certain input image is displayed. This bounding box comprises the dimensions of the face's exact location in
the image.

12
Figure 1: Methods of Face Recognition

13
Paper 2 :

Automated Attendance System using Image Processing

By : Smit Hapani, Nikhil Parakhiya, Nandana Prabhu and Mayur Paghdal
Summary - Image processing is becoming increasingly important in the modern, technologically advanced
society. Image processing has a wide range of uses nowadays, including biometric identification, behavioral
analysis, teleconferencing, and video surveillance. The notion of leveraging image processing methods like
face detection and identification to construct a system that can handle student attendance automatically is
often put forth in this work. The lighting, direction, size, clarity, expression, and intensity of facial pictures
are only a few of the several elements that make it difficult to recognize faces. The system is taught to
recognized figures that represent faces (positive pictures) and to separate them from the backdrop
environment (negative images) using the training dataset.
The objective is to create an automated system for the identification and recognition of faces using pictures
from movies and to track student attendance by recognizing them by their distinctive facial traits. This aids
in automating and managing the attendance system without the need for human interaction. This new
approach can simplify the difficult task of maintaining attendance, and handling attendance will be more
accurate and effective. With an accuracy of between 45% and 50%, the proposed technique contributes to
both face detection and human face recognition using the Fisher Face algorithm and the Viola Jones
algorithm.

Figure 2: DFD of Attendance System

14
Paper 3 :

Automatic Students Attendance Marking System Using Image

Processing And Machine Learning
By: Vidya Patil, Anushka Narayan, Vaishnavi Ausekar, and Anahita Dinesh
Summary : Colleges and institutions still employ hand marking on sheets as part of their conventional
attendance tracking procedures. Teachers find these techniques to be tiresome and time-consuming. Instead
than utilizing the outdated manual techniques, the suggested solution uses facial recognition technology and
image processing to automatically record students' attendance throughout class periods.
The suggested solution involves taking controlled photos of students' faces, and when their faces are
identified, the attendance of those students is noted down in an Excel sheet. Face detection is achieved using
Linear Discriminate Analysis (LDA), KNN, and SVM, while face recognition is completed using the Viola-
Jones technique. It offers greater accuracy than the current PCA and other approaches, according to
experimentation.
The planned approach, if put into place, could significantly alter how attendance is recorded in schools and
universities. The suggested system investigated machine learning methods and techniques, together with
image processing, to ensure high accuracy and efficiency. Based on student detection and identification
utilizing facial picture attributes, the system automatically records each student's attendance. The Viola-
Jones method is used to detect faces. KNN and SVM classifiers are used to develop LDA for face
recognition. Conclusion: On our database, LDA and KNN provide great accuracy. More facial expressions
are recorded for each student than in previous studies, which is one of the factors contributing to the
improvement in accuracy. The following changes are proposed for future development. 1. The system's
temporal complexity can be decreased by using parallelism. 2. Large datasets may be used to test algorithms
3. A built-in system can be implemented to notify a student's parents via phone or email if his or her
attendance falls below a predetermined level.

15
Figure 3: Steps of Face Recognition using Camera

16
So on for all the papers….
Comparison Table

S.No Paper Title Author’s Name Year Technology Finding

1 2020 Faces will get recognized

Face Detection Gurlove Singh, Face from a online classroom
and Recognition Amit Kumar recognition,
video and used to track
and IoT and
System using Goel attendance at each class.
NVIDIA Jetson
Digital Image Nano
Processing

2 Smit Hapani, 2018 Making an Android

Automated Nikhil Parakhiya,
Face recognition,
Attendance email servers, and application by using
Nandana Prabhu,
IoT
System using Mayur Paghdal OpenCV to detect speed.
Image Processing Facial detection will
include the LBPH
Histogram

3 Vidya Patil, 2020 The Viola-Jones method is

Automatic use IOT cameras to
used to detect faces. KNN
Students Anushka capture the students’ and SVM classifiers are
faces. CNN, along
Attendance Narayan,
with SVM classifier
used to develop LDA for
Marking System face recognition. On our
Vaishnavi is used for face database, LDA combined
Using Image Ausekar, and
recognition with KNN provides great
Processing And accuracy.
Anahita
Machine Learning
Dinesh

17
 CHAPTER 4
PROPOSED APPROACH
By doing away with conventional attendance-marking techniques like contacting students by name or
verifying their ID cards, the face recognition student attendance system highlights how simple it is to use.
As a result, it is proposed that a facial recognition-based attendance system be used to replace manual
attendance marking.
Furthermore, the facial recognition-based automatic attendance system is capable of overcoming the
problems associated with fraudulent methods, and faculty members do not need to count the number of
students many times to confirm their presence. The OpenCV library is utilised by the supplied framework. It
is an open-source computer vision library that is free to use and appropriate for both academic and
professional use. It features Python and PYQt interfaces and is compatible with a variety of operating
systems, including Windows, Linux, and MacOS.
It emphasizes the importance of reality from a command line or a Python script. It's a straightforward library
built using deep learning and DLIBs cutting-edge facial recognition technology. The DLIB is an open-
source cross-platform software library that operates on a range of platforms. The model's accuracy is 99.38
percent. This is a simple command-line face recognition application that may be used to recognize faces in a
folder of images.
The focus of this part is on concepts, approaches, and proposed methods for face recognition and image
processing that are more specialised and applicable to a single process that employs facial recognition
algorithms and image processing techniques.
Capture, detection, picture matching, and attendance recording are the four sequential steps of the proposed
project.

Primary database creation and training :

The initial database used to store the students' photographs was made by filming a live, in-person video of
the students, breaking it into thirty segments, converting it to grayscale, and then just saving the faces of the
students as images. Then, in order to identify which students were there, we will compare the stored and
trained photographs against the original pictures while maintaining the histogram values of each picture's
matching counterparts. The software used to split up the video into frames is called Open-CV.

Image Capturing Phase :

The faculty will use their own smartphones and tablets during this step to record a live video of the
classroom or lecture hall using the DroidCam software, which connects the system running on their desktop
to their mobile device and allows them to use their mobile camera to shoot the students in the classroom.
The instructors may link their PC, which contains all the data, to the system to get access.

Image Detection Phase :

The Haar Cascade algorithm is concurrently applied to the video once the second phase of recording has
begun to produce the different facial characteristics of the students' faces (eyes, nose, ears, and lips). The
Haar Cascade technique fundamentally works by giving us the parts of the face that are most necessary for
detection, i.e., the ROI (Region of Interest), then processing and cutting away other areas by using line
features and edge features. The faces are recognized, retrived and stored.

Image Matching Phase :

The third and most crucial phase of student recognition, which includes evaluating the acquired image to the
stored photographs in the database, uses the LBPH algorithm (Local Binary Pattern Histogram). Each image

18
stored in the database has a computed histogram value that is compared to the observed histogram values of
the images taken from the recorded video feed.

Attendance Marking Phase :

For the attendance to be reported as presented for that lectures and preserved, the downloaded image must
match the image registered in the database. If any student is not recognised, the uploaded image will be
retained in the secondary database, and a warning will be generated for the controller.

Figure 4: Image matching and verification

19
 CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE

This report offers a straightforward but effective method for calculating class attendance using facial
recognition software. The outcome of this method may be described as follows: in adding to only one
student's face, the system successfully detects several individuals or faces. Because the system can handle
three faces at once, we may assume that it can handle at least 15 faces continuously. Additionally, the
system correctly detects and records the presence of the identified students.
Researchers have carried out a number of investigations to build smart attendance systems-based biometric
recognition. In contrast to more complex conventional systems processes, everyday materials, and solutions
that require duplication of effort, they focused primarily on developing technical solutions that address
challenges with staff or student identification, recognition, recording, monitoring, positioning, and tracking.
In prior studies, educational institutions recommended attendance management techniques. By summarizing
recent research that was done in this area, we will discover that the face recognition-based method, whether
with portable or mobile devices, has much greater popularity than any other methodology now accessible.
And this technique is now the most productive and popular one that academics are working on.

Managing the attendance of staff or students is one of the most difficult and time-consuming tasks. Each
study by researchers aims to use various techniques and technologies, such as biometrics, IoT, and portable
devices, to simplify such a difficult process. Before recording attendance on the system, one of the
algorithms is frequently used. To identify a person and let instructors or facility administrators know how
engaged their staff is, different algorithms may be used. The speed and efficiency of data storage and
retrieval will be critical considerations. The purpose of this review is to present the most recent findings and
issues in this field and to give a concise summary of their important contributions

20
References:
[1] V. Somasundaram, M. Kannan, and V. Sriram, “Mobile Based Attendance Management System,” Indian J. Sci.
Technol., vol. 9, no. 35, pp. 1–4, 2016, doi: 10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i35/101807.

[2] B. Soewito, F. L. Gaol, E. Simanjuntak, and F. E. Gunawan, “Attendance System on Android Smartphone,” in
ICCEREC 2015 – International Conference on Control, Electronics, Renewable Energy and Communications, 2015,
pp. 208–211. doi:10.1109/ICCEREC.2015.7337046.

[3] P. S. H. Smitha, “Face Recognition based Attendance Management System.,” Int. J. Eng. Res. & Technol.,vol. 9,
no. 05, 2020.

[4] D. Prangchumpol, “Face Recognition for Attendance Management System Using Multiple Sensors,” in Journal of
Physics: Conference Series, 2019, vol.1335, no. 1, DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1335/1/012011.

[5] B. K. P. Mohamed and C. V. Raghu, “Fingerprint Attendance System for Classroom Needs,” in 2012 Annual
IEEE India Conference, INDICON 2012,2012, doi: 10.1109/INDCON.2012.6420657.

[6] M. S. M. Alburaiki, G. M. Johar, R. A. A. Helmi, and M. H. Alkawaz, “Mobile Based Attendance System: Face
Recognition and Location Detection using Machine Learning,” in 2021 IEEE 12th Control and System Graduate
Research Colloquium, ICSGRC 2021 - Proceedings, 2021, pp. 177–182. doi:10.1109/ICSGRC53186.2021.9515221.

[7] D. M. V. Salac, “PRESENT: An Android-Based ClassAttendance Monitoring System Using Face

Recognition Technology,” Int. J. Comput. Sci. Res.,vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 102–115, 2018,
doi:10.25147/ijcsr.2017.001.1.28.

[8] S. A. M. Noor, N. Zaini, M. F. A. Latip, and N. Hamzah, “Android-Based Attendance Management System,” in
2015 IEEE Conference on Systems, Process, and Control (ICSPC), 2015, pp. 118–122.

[9] B. J. Mendonca, G. D’mello, R. D’souza, and J. More, “Automated Attendance using Android Devices,” Int. J.
Appl. Inf. Syst., vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 21–26, 2015.

[10] E. Varadharajan, R. Dharani, S. Jeevitha, B.Kavinmathi, and S. Hemalatha, “Automatic Attendance Management
System using FaceDetection,” in 2016 Online international conference on green engineering and technologies, 2016.

[11] H. Sutar, S. Chaudhari, P. Bhopi, and D. Sonavale, “Automated Attendance System,” Int. Res. J. Mod. Eng.
Technol. Sci., vol. 04, no. 04, 2022.

[12] Y. N. S, A. Kumar, and N. R. Kumar, “Location Based Smart Attendance System Using GPS,” Ann. Rom. Soc.
Cell Biol., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 4510–4516, 2021.

[13] B. Chandramouli, S. A. Kumar, C. V. Lakshmi, G. B. Harish, and P. A. Khan, “Face Recognition Based
Attendance System Using Jetson Nano,” Int. Res. J. Mod. Eng. Technol. Sci., vol. 3, no. 8, 2021.

[14] B. J. Mendonca, G. D’mello, R. D’souza, and J. More, “Automated attendance using android devices,” Int.
J.Appl. Inf. Syst., vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 21–26, 2015.

[15] D. Sunaryono, J. Siswantoro, and R. Anggoro, “An Android Based Course Attendance System using Face
Recognition,” J. King Saud Univ. - Comput. Inf. Sci.,vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 304–312, 2021,
doi:10.1016/j.jksuci.2019.01.006.

21
 Literature Review on Intelligent Attendance
System
Sudhanshu Tiwari Vishal Khandelwal Tarun Sharma
Dept. of Computer Engineering Dept. of Computer Engineering Dept. of Computer Engineering
Poornima College of Engineering Poornima College of Engineering Poornima College of Engineering
Jaipur, India Jaipur, India Jaipur, India
sudhanshutiwari264@gmail.com 2021pcecasvishal060@poornima.org 2021pcecatarun055@poornima.org

Muskan Rehwani Archika Jain

Dept. of Computer Engineering Dept. of Computer Engineering
Poornima College of Engineering Poornima College of Engineering
Jaipur, India Jaipur, India
2021pcecamuskan034@poornima.org archikaagarwal@gmail.com

Abstract – Every organization that relies on A major time-consuming work in any

people today must, as a first step, account for
its employees. As a result, the various
organizations must spend a sizable sum of
money on developing and maintaining an
appropriate management system. Government
agencies and educational institutions
frequently use paper-based systems to record
attendance. For instance, it requires quite some
time to reach out to each student by calling
their name name at the start of the class in
order to keep track of their attendance.
Additional issues include fake signatures ,
names mislaid from spread-sheets, manually
entering data into the system, and the potential
for fake or so called proxy attendance. These
methods have a few issues that have gotten
worse over time. It is essential to replace these
antiquated procedures with contemporary ones
in order to track attendance. As a result, using
modern technologies, a numerous frequency of
research and work has been produced in this
area. Researchers are particularly interested in
the automatic identification of a particular
individual based on identifying traits like a QR
code, fingerprint,an ID and password, or a
face. This paper reviews recent progress on
advanced automation attendance monitoring
systems. Our critical evaluation has
concentrated on readings from the body of
literature with regard to technology,
application domain, and key findings.
Keywords – Attendance System, Automated,
Biometric Recognition, Face Recognition.
I. INTRODUCTION
institution, school or place of learning is
keeping track of the staff or learners within a
class. For instance, taking attendance
consumes both the lecture period and the
teacher's time. The school and community
won't know whether the students are engaged
in the lessons if the teacher skips this step.
Users' and employees' attendance has been
regularly checked and recorded using a variety
of automated and human tracking approaches
and techniques. It is encouraging to learn that
studies have been conducted to address this
issue. Researchers have attempted to benefit
from the various technologies currently in use,
including biometric-related systems, which use
information about a person to identify them.
Biometric systems demand accurate
information on biological traits that are unique
to operate properly. supplying information to
algorithms for a specific output, usually
attached to a user's or The purpose of a
biometric is to identify another person. the
system is associated with GPS, QR Code,
Barcode, and Face and fingerprint recognition
just two examples. illustrative of some
biometric systems available, which are some
of the effective but also quite pricey options
to fully automate the system. SMS technology,
sometimes "Text Message "has been used for
tracking attendance concurrently with
biometric methods. For instance, Students or
others are sent messages via SMS technology.
Families let them know that their kids are
present for the classes or topics mentioned.
This strategy also ensures student safety after
analyzing current attendance programs. The
paper concludes with an overview of the many
options and a brief sample on the value of
attendance management systems and utilizing
modern technology to address contemporary
22
challenges.
II. RELATED WORKS
Using a computerized attendance system is a
modern system for recording attendance.
There are numerous systems for tracking
attendance that biometric recognition
techniques have been demonstrated, including
the ability to read a person's finger Face
Recognition
Authorized (Souza et al. [4]), RFID (Souza et
al. Mobile Device with Username and
Password to acquire a student ID for taking
attendance. Numerous systems have
(Chandramouli et al.) installed and fixed on
transportable devices.Varadharajan et al. [10],
[9], Mendonca et al.[14]), as well as
Smartphones (Prangchumpol [4], Kumar and
Kumar [12], Somasundaram et al. [1], Noor et
al. [9], and Soewito et al. [2],). Some of these
current approaches, along with the
technologies they used and their key findings,
will be briefly discussed and evaluated in the
section that follows.
III.LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Digitalizing the Traditional Method
Regular school attendance including all the
Roll-calling is problematic and time-
Figure 1: fingerprint
B. Based on Fingerprint Recognition
The vast majority of studies have
demonstrated that a presence management
software can recognise hand or fingerprint
motions quite accurately and effectively. The
method of digitally matching several unknown
consuming for students. and instructors to lead
departmental meetings. The process is drawn
out and requires numerous instructors'
pupils' time Mendonca et al[9] .'s decrease in
length of the entire attendance check by
creating a system for the web. replacing the
According to protocol, teachers had to call
each other. students' names in class and
attendance information when the pupil
responded. Offering a more simple and more
efficient method of monitoring attendance. No
longer will instructors need a sheet of paper to
record students' attendance on their suggested
system. They easily can create attendance
labels as well as records by pulling the
necessary data from a database, eliminating a
need for paper in the process.
Another study developed a system for
managing attendance using mobile devices and
used it in practice. Using VB.NET and SQL
Server, an Android-based program for
managing attendance on the go was created.
This project makes it possible to keep track of
student attendance, assign attendance grades,
and generate reports. The system consists of
the following five components: an Android
component, admin, registration, student, and
SMS. Students can utilise the android
component to send messages to the system
informing professors of their absence. About
their children's behaviour, parents can receive
SMS notifications [1].
Recognition General Architecture
fingerprints to a sample of figured and
unfigured fingerprints in the database is
known as automated fingerprint recognition. A
customised finger assumption tool that is a
component of a special finger impression
attendance framework was described by
23
Mohamed and Raghu [5]. The kids can verify
their essence by touching their fingertips to the
device's sensor. However, due to the fact that
fingerprint scanners can't always properly
detect things the first time, this paradigm is
inapplicable. Soewito et al. [2] introduced an
attendance system utilising smartphone GPS
and fingerprint technologies.Since fingerprint
recognition is used, the procedure takes a long
time.
C. Attendance system utilizing GPS
GPS, or Global Positioning System, allows us
to locate and track things and navigate to
anyone at any time, anywhere on Earth.
Although satellites now use, people still need
objects in the sky to know where they are and
how to get to other places. In their study,
Kumar and Kumar [12] introduced a
distinctive location-based time and attendance
tracking system that was deployed on an
Android mobile app.Utilizing smartphones can
lessen the need for additional biometric
scanning apparatus. A specific location is one
of the organization's components that can be
located using GPS. The GPS on each student's
phone provides the position of that student,
which is necessary for some time and
attendance tracking.
D. Based on barcodes or QR codes
A related barcode is a graphic representation
of information that machines can read about
the item. A rapid response code, often known
as a QR code, is comparable to a barcode.
Though it can store data in each of the two
perpendicular orientations because of its two-
dimensionality. Therefore, a QR code has a far
larger data capacity than a barcode. Noor et al.
[9] introduced the topic of discussing a system
for automatically tracking student
attendance.Each user in this system has a
unique ID that the mobile app may scan for a
barcode. Each user in this system has a unique
ID that can be scanned by the mobile app
because it has a barcode.
One student might influence this system by
exploiting the IDs of the other members in the
arrangement, which was a drawback. A
alternative approach depends on compiling
attendance data and updating data in one
location. Based on research by Sutar et al.
[11], the recommended approach is a smart
attendance system that would speed up the
attendance process by making and scanning
QR codes. The system operates as an
application for mobile devices and is based on
QR Technology. To ensure student attendance
in the course, Sunaryono et al. also suggest "an
Android-based course attendance system
employing facial recognition." [10]. A QR
code is used to provide the course content
from the front of the class.All that is required
from the student's phone is a selfie of their
face and the display of a QR code. The picture
will subsequently be transmitted to the server
for use in managing attendance.
E. Based on Face Recognition
Face detection is the concept of identifying
human faces in cited images or videos. A piece
of technology called a face recognition system
can examine faces in a video or photo and
compare them to a database of both recognized
and unrecognized faces. Its Face
Smitha created the a system for managing
attendance based on recognition to create an
using a face recognition system to keep track
of student attendance in class [3]. The system
has the ability to track involvement using
facial ID. It locates faces using a camera, after
which it recognizes them. Face detection and
facial recognition are the two components of
the system.
The system will recognize student faces in the
live-streamed video from the class using the
Local Binary Pattern Histogram (LBPH), and
if the recognized face is found in the database,
the system will mark the student's attendance.
The study by Chandramouli et al. [13], in
which they used NVIDIA's Jetson Nano, is
one of many that aims to modernise time
management guidelines as well as how
attendance is managed in a particular way. The
device is placed in the classroom, where it
displays the students' names and pictures. The
photos are obtained using Open CV. The
developer kit for the NVIDIA Jetson Nano
would be the processor board. Once the
extraction has been processed, faces are
identified using a Haar classifierThey were
subsequently located using the LBPH
Algorithm. Data from the appropriate class
teacher is generated and updated hourly in an
24
Excel spreadsheet. According to a system
called
Automated Attendance Management System
with Face Recognition, which uses Cloud
Computing technological ideas to improve
face recognition performance methods for
identification.
The FACECUBE system, which is proposed
here, takes attendance using facial recognition.
Online features are available to administrators,
teachers, and students through the system. But
assembling this system requires a number of
steps, including buying new hardware and
software. A slightly different kind of research
project involving the Android device-based
face recognition of lecture present in the
application system was attempted by Susanto
et al. [16]. They establish facial contact.
Then save it to the database that was used to
store information about the presence of
lecturers who are teaching. recognition
detection The facial recognition system is
evaluated using the local binary pattern
histogram (LBPH) classifier approach, which
could be used as a tactic in the attendance
system of lecturers to be more effective and
efficient.
To identify specific students and track their
participation, the system uses facial
identification and recognition algorithms.
Prangchumpol notes in his study, "Face
Recognition for Attendance Management
System Using Multiple Sensors,"[4] that it is
still not able to confirm or correct the data
when an error occured in class, and that his
performance still lags when it comes to
accurately identifying faces. He, therefore,
aims to increase the effectiveness of the
attendant system based on face recognition
Author & Year Technology
Chandramouli et al. (2021) IoT, Face Recognition, The Haar classifier identifies faces, the
and NVIDIA Jetson LBPH algorithm recognizes them, the
Nano
Susanto et al. (2021) Face Recognition
Android
Smitha (2020) Face recognition, email Faces will get recognized from a online
and simplify its concepts for students. With
the help of the Android based Face
Recognition with a Deep Learning method
approach, this type of validation aims to learn
how to recognise faces. Cloud storage is used
to connect the database to the web server. A
method was created by Alburaiki et al. that
addressed three crucial issues: first, using the
cameras on mobile phones and automatically
identifying and analyzing faces. The second is
a facial recognition API that is based on
machine learning. Maps API is the last. The
results show that face recognition has
developed into a highly accurate method for
recognizing faces.
Even under non favorable circumstances.
The system showed realistic illustrations of
responses made by The lecturer who can
choose to access a report of submitted
attendance after recognizing the student's face
and location and marking the student's
attendance. Salac's study was motivated by a
portable attendance system that could be
accessed at any time and from any location.
The lecturer can simply check attendance
using Android phones instead of carrying
paper and computers. The students can easily
check their attendance data thanks to their
Android phones. Additionally, SMS
technology is used to ensure student security
and inform parents of their children's
attendance. A proper attendance record can
also be created using face recognition
technology. The face of a specific student is
recognized and noted by
using the camera on an Android device, query
the database. Attendance reports could also be
created as needed.
Main Findings
histogram is compared to the dataset, and
attendance is marked .
on Making an Android application by using
OpenCV to detect speed. Facial detection
will include the LBPH Histogram [7].
25
 servers, and IoT
Hameed (2019) Authorized
Username/Password,
Android, and
Server
Kumar and Kumar (2021) Android, Server and GPS Students' locations are determined using
V.Conclusion
Researchers have carried out a number of
investigations to build smart attendance
systems-based biometric recognition. In
contrast to more complex conventional
systems processes, everyday materials, and
solutions that require duplication of effort,
they focused primarily on developing technical
solutions that address challenges with staff or
student identification, recognition, recording,
monitoring, positioning, and tracking. In prior
studies, educational institutions recommended
attendance management techniques. By
summarising recent research that was done in
this area, we will discover that the face
recognition-based method, whether with
portable or mobile devices, has much greater
popularity than any other methodology now
accessible. And this technique is now the most
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