VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI- 590018

A Project Phase 1

Report on

“FAKE ACCOUNT DETECTION ON SOCILA MEDIA”

Submitted by
SHRAVANI P H 4RA20CS090
SHRAVYA M KARLE 4RA20CS091
SPOORTHI C D 4RA20CS097
SPOORTHI S 4RA20CS098

To the Visvesvaraya Technological University during the academic year 2023-2024

inpartial fulfilment for the award of degree

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERINGIN
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Under the Guidance of

Mrs. SWETHA B R
Assistant Professor,
Department of Computer Science & Engineering

RAJEEV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
HASSAN-573201
2023-2024
 RAJEEV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
HASSAN
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi.)
Plot #1-D, Growth Centre, Industrial Area, B-M Bypass Road, Hassan – 573201
Ph:(08172)-243180/83/84 Fax:(08172)-243183

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the PROJECT PHASE I entitled “FAKE ACCOUNT DETECTION ON SOCILA
MEDIA” is carried out by Ms. SHRAVANI P H [4RA20CS090], Ms. SHRAVYA M KARLE
[4RA20CS091], Ms. SPOORTHI C D [4RA20CS097], Ms. SPOORTHI S [4RA21CS98] respectively,
a bonafide students of RAJEEV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Hassan in partial fulfilment for the
award of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING in COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING of
the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2023-2024. The Project Phase 1 report
has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Project Phase 1 work prescribed for the
said Degree.

Mrs. SWETHA B R Dr. SHREESHAIL MATT Dr. MAHESH P K

Assistant Professor Head of the Department Principal
Dept. of Computer Science & Computer Science & Engineering RIT, HASSAN
Engineering RIT, HASSAN
RIT, HASSAN

Name of the examiners Signature with date

1. ......................... ……………………

2. ……………..... ……………………
 DECLARATION

We SHRAVANI P H , SHRAVYA M KARLE , SPOORTHI C D and SPOORTHI S are the

students of 7th semester B.E in Computer Science and Engineering, Rajeev Institute of
Technology, Hassan, hereby declare that the work being presented in the dissertation entitled
“FAKE ACCOUNT DETECTION ON SOCIAL MEDIA” has been carried out by us under the
supervision of guide Mrs. SWETHA B R Associate Professor, Computer Science and Engineering,
Rajeev Institute of Technology, Hassan, as partial fulfillment requirement for the award of B.E
Degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science and Engineering at Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagavi is and authentic record of my own carried out by us during the
academic year 2023-2024.

SHRAVANI P H SHRAVYA M KARLE

4RA20CS090 4RA20CS091

SPOORTHI C D SPOORTHI S
4RA20CS097 4RA20CS098

Place:- Hassan

Date:- ……………

i
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful of any task would be
incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible, whose constant
guidance and encouragement crownedour efforts with success.

We would like to profoundly thank our Management of Rajeev Institute of

Technology & our President Dr. Rachana Rajeev for providing such a healthy
environment.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to our principal Dr. Mahesh P K, Rajeev
Institute of Technology for his encouragement that motivated us for successful
completion of project Phase I.

We wish to express our gratitude to Dr. Shreeshail Matt, Head of the Department of
Information Science & Engineering for providing a good working environment and for
his constant support and encouragement.

It gives us great pleasure to express our gratitude to Mrs. Swetha B R Associate

Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering for her expert guidance,
initiative and encouragement that led us to complete this project phase I.

We would also like to thank all our staffs of Information Science and Engineering
department who havedirectly or indirectly helped us in the successful completion of
this phase-1 project and also, we would like to thank our parents.

SHRAVANI P H SHRAVYA M KARLE

4RA20CS090 4RA20CS091

SPOORTHI C D SPOORTHI S
4RA21CS097 4RA20CS098

ii
 ABSTRACT

In the current generation, online social networking (OSNs) has become more popular, and
social media is becoming more and more associated with these sites. They use OSN to
communicate with others, share news, organize events, and run their own e-business. The
strong growth of OSNs and the large number of personal information of its subscribers has
led attackers, and hypocrites to steal their information, share false news, and spread
malicious activities. Fake or man-made fake profiles designed to spread rumors, identity
theft etc. So, in this project, we are trying to propose a discovery model, which distinguishes
between fake profiles and real profiles on Twitter based on visual features such as fan
counts, friends count, status calculations and more using various machine learning methods.
The key characteristics are chosen to assess a social media profile’s authenticity.
Hyperparameters and the architecture are also covered. Finally, results are produced after
training the models. The output is therefore 0 for genuine profiles and 1 for false profiles.
When a phony profile is discovered, it can be disabled or destroyed so that cyber security
problems can be prevented. Python and the necessary libraries, such as Sklearn, Numpy,
and Pandas, are used for implementation. At the end of this study, the author will come to
the conclusion that XG Boost is the best machine learning technique for finding fake
profiles.

iii
 CONTENTS

DECLARATION i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
ABSTRACT iii
CONTENTS iv
LIST OF FIGURES v

CHAPTER. NO CHAPTER NAME PAGENO

1 INTRODUCTION 1-3
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 Problem Statement 1
1.3 Objective of the project 1

1.4 Scope 2
1.5 Project Introduction 2

2 LITERATURE SURVEY 4-5

2.1 Related work 4
3 SYSTEM ANALYSIS 6-11
3.1 Existing System 6
3.2 Disadvantages 6
3.3 Proposed System 7
3.4 Advantages 8

3.5 Methodology 8

3.6 Work flow of proposed system 11

4 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 12-13
4.1 Hardware Requirements 12
4.2 Software Requirements 12

4.3 Functional Requirements 12

4.4 Non-Functional Requirements 13
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

iv
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIG.NO NAME OF FIGURE PAGE NO

3.5 System Architecture 10

3.6 Flow Diagram 11

v
Fake Account Detection on Social Media 2023-2024

CHAPTER -01

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Motivation:
Detecting and preventing fake accounts on social media using machine learning is
motivated by several important factors that aim to enhance the overall user experience,
maintain the integrity of online platforms, and ensure the safety of users. Fake accounts
can distort user engagement metrics, artificially inflate follower counts, and manipulate
trending topics. Machine learning helps in identifying and mitigating such manipulation,
maintaining the integrity of the platform and ensuring fair and accurate representation of
user interactions. leveraging machine learning for fake account detection aligns with the
broader goals of social media platforms to create a secure, trustworthy, and positive online
environment for users while adhering to regulatory requirements and protecting brand
reputation.

1.2 Problem Statement:

In the era of increasing digital connectivity, social media platforms have become integral
to global communication. However, the proliferation of fake accounts poses significant
challenges, including the spread of misinformation, cybersecurity threats, and a
compromised user experience. The task is to develop an effective machine learning-based
solution for the detection and mitigation of fake accounts on social media platforms. The
goal is to enhance user safety, maintain platform integrity, and prevent the adverse impact
of fraudulent activities, ultimately fostering a secure and trustworthy online community.
The solution should address the dynamic nature of fake account creation, employ
sophisticated algorithms to analyze user behavior and patterns, and integrate seamlessly
with existing platform features. By mitigating the risks associated with fake accounts, the
proposed solution aims to uphold user trust, comply with regulatory standards, and
contribute to a positive and authentic online environment.

1.3 Objective of the Project:

Develop and implement a scalable machine learning-based system for accurate and early
detection of fake accounts on social media platforms. The goals include seamless

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Fake Account Detection on Social Media 2023-2024
integration, minimizing false positives, real-time monitoring, compliance with
regulations, adaptability to evolving tactics, resource optimization, and enhancing user
safety.

The aim is to create a secure, trustworthy, and user-friendly online environment,

mitigating the impact of misinformation and cybersecurity threats associated with fake
accounts.

1.4 Scope:
The scope of this project involves creating and implementing a robust machine learning-
based system for the detection of fake accounts on social media platforms. The primary
focus is on developing accurate algorithms capable of analyzing user behavior,
engagement, and content patterns to identify and mitigate the presence of fraudulent
accounts. The integration of this system into existing social media platforms is essential,
ensuring a seamless and user-friendly experience. The project also addresses scalability,
aiming to handle a large volume of accounts while adapting to the evolving tactics used
by malicious actors. Real-time monitoring features will be implemented to promptly
detect and respond to potential threats, while optimization efforts will minimize false
positives and optimize human moderation resources. Compliance with relevant
regulations and the incorporation of educational measures for users further define the
scope, with the ultimate goal of fostering a secure, trustworthy, and positive online
environment

1.5 Project Introduction:

Social media plays a significant role in our lives today. Our lives nowadays rely heavily
on social media. Everyone uses social media, whether it be to share beautiful, expensive
photos, follow celebrities, or talk with nearby and distant pals. It is a fantastic place for
exchanging knowledge and interacting with others. However, everything has a drawback.
Social media has a significant role in our lives, yet there have been times when it has
become problematic.

There are 229 million daily active members of Twitter and 465.1 million monthly users.
Furthermore, Facebook creates six new users per second, for a daily average of about
500,000 new users. Every day, a huge amount of information is posted on Twitter.

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Fake Account Detection on Social Media 2023-2024
OnTwitter, one can access the most popular articles, the latest hashtag, news, and
information on their most recent trip. Within the allotted 280 characters, people can reply,
like, remark, exchange ideas, and express their viewpoints. There are often rumors, but
there are also significant worries that are investigated. The various socioeconomic
groupings get tense as a result of these rumors. Concerns around privacy, exploitation,
cyberbullying, and false information have recently come to light. All of these activities
involve the use of fake profiles. Humans, machines, and cybernetic beings may all create
false accounts [1]. “Cyborg” accounts were once established by individuals but are now
managed by machines.

False profiles are frequently made under fictitious identities, and they spread defamatory
and abusive posts and images to influence society or advance anti-vaccine conspiracy
theories, among other things. Phony personas are an issue on all social media platforms
nowadays.

Most false profiles are made with spamming, phishing, and gaining more followers in
mind. The fraudulent accounts are completely capable of committing online crimes.
Fake accounts represent a serious risk, including identity theft and data breaches. When
consumers access the URLs sent by these false accounts, all user information is sent to
distant servers where it may be used against them. Furthermore, phony profiles
purportedly created on behalf of businesses or individuals can damage their reputation
and reduce the number of follows and likes they receive.

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Fake Account Detection on Social Media 2023-2024

CHAPTER -02

LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 Related Work:

Paper 1: Fraud Detection on Social Media using Data Analytics .Author Ms. Archna
Goyal1,

This paper has talked about a proposed approach for illuminating the fake news issues by
distinguishing the validity of news in two stages is distinguish counterfeit record
,recognize fake substance of news ,the first stage recognize the phony clients which
overlook the news that gives by fake clients however on the off chance that client isn't
phony, at that point go to the subsequent stage identify the validity of the news content by
utilizing the likeness measures and AI calculations that improve the validity than different
calculations This postulation has talked about a proposed approach for tackling the phony
news issues by identifying the believability of news in two stages

Paper 2: Machine Learning Framework for Detecting Spammer and Fake Users on
Twitter .Author : Akshatha T M

The development of successful strategies for the spam detection and fake user recognition
on Twitter, there are still many problems to further development by the researchers. The
issues are highlighted as fallow: False news identification on social media is a problem
that needs to be explored because of the serious repercussions of such news at individual
as well as different level. Another related subject that is worth exploring is the discovery
of rumor sources on social media.

Paper 3: Social Media Fake Profile Detection . Author : Tejaswini S Patil1

The model presented in this project demonstrates that the Division of Decisions splis a
good and powerful way of binary planning on a large database. Despite the inconsistency
of the decision boundary, the Decision Tree Verification is able to distinguish between
false and real profiles with the correct truth (> 97%). This method can be extended to any

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Fake Account Detection on Social Media 2023-2024
platform that requires binary separation to be included in public profiles for various
purposes.

Paper 4 : Detecting Fake Accounts on Social Media using Neural Network

This proposed hybrid technique is used to most successful classifier neural network and
SVM. K-Medoid clustering is also used to improve the accuracy and reduce the time
complexity of the algorithm. In proposed work collected real time data set of Facebook
or Twitter from Facebook or Twitter users.

Paper 5 : Detection of Fake Account on Social Media ,Author : Devata R

Through utilization of different kinds of Machine Learning Algorithms, this paper is

aimed to exploit different aspects of dataset which has not been deeply considered in
literature and to find a good way of detection of the fake and automated accounts. In this
paper we have presented a Machine Learning pipeline for detecting fake accounts in
online social networks. Rather than making a prediction using one single algorithm, our
system uses three different classification algorithms to determine whether or not an
account in the provided dataset is a fake account or not.

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Fake Account Detection on Social Media 2023-2024

CHAPTER -03

SYSTEM ANALYSIS
3.1 Existing System:

Social media profiles and bots have been around since the advent of social media. There
is often a negative impact on them, as many of them are designed to jeopardize democracy,
cause panic attacks, disclose confidential information, affect the stock market, and wreak
havoc on the world. However, bots can also be useful for useful purposes such as
encouraging users to get shot in the flu, give earthquake warnings, health tips, share
automatic drawings, etc. Identifying bad bots can help us understand their behavior and
determine which emotional traits make them as prominent as bots. In addition, by easily
identifying Twitter accounts as bots,the public can be taught notto be a victim of bot or
malicious messages on Twitter. In addition, when bots are detected earlier, their tweets
can be quickly protected from spreading on the platform.

3.2 Disadvantages:

While fraud detection on social media using data analytics has its advantages, there are
also several disadvantages associated with existing systems. Here are some common
drawbacks:

1. False Positives: Existing systems may generate false positives, flagging

legitimate activities as fraudulent. This can lead to unnecessary investigations and
may impact user experience.
2. False Negatives: On the other hand, false negatives occur when fraudulent
activities go undetected, allowing malicious actors to operate without being
detected.
3. Adaptability Issues: Fraudsters are constantly evolving their tactics, and existing
systems may struggle to adapt quickly to new and sophisticated fraud techniques.
The lack of real-time adaptability can make these systems less effective over time.
4. Privacy Concerns: Machine learning models may analyze and process a
significant amount of user data to identify patterns associated with fake accounts.
This raises privacy concerns, especially if the data used for model training and
testing is not handled with care.

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Fake Account Detection on Social Media 2023-2024
5. Bias and Fairness Issues: If training data is biased, the model may inherit and
propagate those biases, leading to unfair or discriminatory outcomes. This is a
concern in the context of fake account detection, where certain demographic
groups might be disproportionately affected.
6. Resource Intensive: Training and maintaining machine learning models for fake
account detection can be resource-intensive, requiring computational power,
storage, and continuous monitoring. This can be a challenge for smaller platforms
with limited resources.
7. Lack of Explainability: Many machine learning models, especially complex ones
like deep neural networks, lack transparency and explainability. The inability to
provide clear explanations for model decisions can be a drawback, especially in
situations where users demand transparency.

3.3 Proposed System

The proposed system aims to address the challenges associated with fake account
detection on social media platforms using machine learning. The key components and
features of the proposed system are outlined below:

1. Algorithmic Framework: Develop a robust algorithmic framework for fake

account detection that leverages a combination of machine learning techniques.
This may include supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and ensemble
methods to enhance accuracy and resilience against adversarial attacks.
2. Behavioral Analysis: Implement advanced behavioral analysis to scrutinize user
engagement patterns, posting frequency, and content types. This will involve
training models to distinguish between genuine and fake accounts based on
nuanced behavioral features.
3. Social Network Analysis: Integrate social network analysis to examine the
relationships between users and identify anomalous network structures indicative
of fake account involvement. This can enhance the accuracy of detection by
considering the broader social context.
4. Content Analysis: Utilize natural language processing and content analysis to
scrutinize the textual content shared by users. This includes evaluating the
linguistic style, sentiment, and semantic coherence of posts to identify patterns
associated with fake accounts.

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Fake Account Detection on Social Media 2023-2024
5. Real-time Monitoring: Implement a real-time monitoring system that
continuously analyzes user activities, enabling prompt detection and response to
emerging threats. This ensures that the system adapts quickly to the dynamic
tactics employed by malicious actors.
6. Adversarial Defense Mechanisms: Incorporate adversarial defense mechanisms
to protect against sophisticated attacks aiming to evade detection. This involves
regularly updating the system to counteract new tactics and maintain robust
defenses.
7. Privacy-preserving Measures: Implement privacy-preserving measures to
address concerns related to user data. This includes adopting techniques such as
federated learning or differential privacy to analyze patterns without
compromising individual user privacy.
8. Continuous Evaluation and Improvement: Establish a continuous evaluation
process to assess the effectiveness of the system over time. Regularly update the
system based on performance metrics and feedback to enhance its accuracy and
reliability.

3.4 Advantages

1. Enhanced Security
2. User Trust and Safety
3. Integrity of User Metrics
4. Mitigation of Misinformation
5. Fair Advertising Ecosystem
6. Resource Optimization
7. Improved User Experience
8. Compliance with Regulations

3.5 Methodology
The methodology for implementing a machine learning-based fake account detection
system on social media involves several key steps. Below is a generalized methodology
that can guide the development and deployment of such a system:

Problem Definition: Clearly define the problem by specifying the objectives, scope, and
desired outcomes of the fake account detection system. Understand the potential impact
on user safety, platform integrity, and overall user experience.

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Fake Account Detection on Social Media 2023-2024
Data Collection: Gather labeled datasets containing examples of both genuine and fake
accounts. Include diverse samples to ensure the model generalizes well to various user
behaviors and characteristics.

Data Preprocessing: Clean and preprocess the data to handle missing values, outliers,
and inconsistencies. Normalize numerical features, encode categorical variables, and
perform any necessary transformations to make the data suitable for machine learning
models.

Model Selection: Choose appropriate machine learning algorithms based on the nature
of the problem. Common models for fake account detection include decision trees,
random forests, support vector machines, and deep learning models such as neural
networks.

Model Training: Train the selected model using the labeled dataset. Split the dataset into
training and validation sets to assess the model's performance during training. Adjust
hyperparameters and iterate on the model to improve accuracy.

Evaluation Metrics: Define evaluation metrics based on the goals of the fake account
detection system. Common metrics include accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and area
under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC).

Validation and Hyperparameter Tuning: Perform model validation using a separate test
dataset to ensure generalization to unseen data. Fine-tune hyperparameters based on
validation results to optimize the model's performance.

Real-time Monitoring System: Implement a real-time monitoring system that

continuously analyzes user activities. This system should be capable of identifying
anomalies and potential fake accounts promptly.

User Education and Reporting: Implement educational features to inform users about
the risks associated with fake accounts. Encourage users to report suspicious activities
and provide a feedback loop for continuous improvement.

Regulatory Compliance: Ensure that the fake account detection system complies with
relevant regulations and standards governing online platforms, protecting user rights and
privacy.

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Fake Account Detection on Social Media 2023-2024
Deployment and Monitoring: Deploy the trained model to the production environment
and continuously monitor its performance. Implement regular updates to adapt to
changing user behavior and emerging threats.

Documentation: Document the entire methodology, including data sources,

preprocessing steps, model architecture, and performance metrics. This documentation is
essential for reproducibility and future reference.

Fig 3.5: System Architecture.

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Fake Account Detection on Social Media 2023-2024

3.6 Work Flow of Proposed system

Fig3.6: Flow Diagram

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Fake Account Detection on Social Media 2023-2024

CHAPTER – 04

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
4.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

• Central-Processor : Intel i5 2.4 GHz.

• Hard-Disk : 4O GB.

• RAM : 4GB or above.

4.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

• Required operating system : Windows 10.

• Programming Language : Python.
• Framework : Python IDLE.
• Tools : PyCharm.

4.3 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Functional requirements describe the specific features and capabilities that a system
must have to meet its intended purpose. In the context of a machine learning-based fake
account detection system on social media, the functional requirements may include:

• User Authentication and Registration: Secure user authentication and

registration processes.
• Real-Time Monitoring: Continuous analysis of user activities for prompt
detection of suspicious behavior.
• Behavioral Analysis: Algorithms for analyzing posting frequency, engagement
patterns, and user behavior.
• Social Network and Content Analysis: Integration of social network and content
analysis for identifying patterns indicative of fake accounts.
• Adversarial Defense and Privacy Measures: Mechanisms to defend against
attacks and privacy-preserving measures.

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Fake Account Detection on Social Media 2023-2024

• Reporting and Educational Features: Reporting mechanism for users and

educational features to inform about fake account risks.
• Model Explainability: Clear explanations for flagged accounts to build user trust.
• Scalability: Design for scalability to handle growing user data volumes.
• Regulatory Compliance: Compliance with relevant regulations and standards.
• Integration with Existing Systems: Seamless integration with existing social
media platform features.
• Dashboard and Analytics: Administrator dashboard and analytics tools for
monitoring and insights.

4.4 NON- FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Non-functional requirements define the characteristics and qualities that describe how a
system should behave or perform, rather than specifying specific features. In the context
of a machine learning-based fake account detection system on social media, non-
functional requirements may include:

• Performance: Efficient real-time processing and analysis.

• Scalability: Seamless handling of growing user loads and datasets.
• Reliability: High reliability with minimal downtime.
• Accuracy: High accuracy in distinguishing genuine and fake accounts.
• Adaptability: Ability to adapt to evolving tactics with regular updates.
• Usability: Intuitive and user-friendly interfaces.
• Security: Robust measures to ensure data security and privacy.
• Compliance: Adherence to relevant data protection regulations.
• Transparency: Clear insight into detection decision-making.
• Auditability: Comprehensive logs for tracking system actions.
• Maintainability: Easy maintenance with modular components and
documentation.

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Fake Account Detection on Social Media 2023-2024

CONCLUSION
The development of successful strategies for the spam detection and fake user recognition
on social media, there are still many problems to further development by the researchers.
The issues are highlighted as fallow: False news identification on social media is a
problem that needs to be explored because of the serious repercussions of such news at
individual as well as different level. Another related subject that is worth exploring is the
discovery of rumor sources on social media. While a few experiments focused on different
techniques have already been performed to identify the origins of misinformation, more
advanced approaches, e.g., social networkbased approaches, can be extended because of
their demonstrated efficacy. The regions in the model and data may be given various
degrees of prominence depending on their size or their particular significance in the
recognition process. For instance, using this strategy would make it easier to pinpoint
regions where extremely complex problems must be located, such as those that
occasionally arise and the latter. Despite their complexity, these hybrid models ought to
yield superior outcomes. However, occasionally combining these approaches may not
have a significant impact on the outcome. The model will then be prepared for more social
media sites like LinkedIn, Snapchat, WeChat, QQ, etc.

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[9] Chakraborty, P., Muzammel, C.S., Khatun, M., Islam, S.F. and Rahman, S. (2020)
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[10] Sayeed, S., Sultana, F., Chakraborty, P. and Yousuf, M.A. (2021) Assessment of
Eyeball Movement and Head Movement Detection Based on Reading. In:
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