MEE 2005 Heat Transfer

Revision

Dr K Karunamurthy
Dr M Sreekanth
Dr Ayub Ahmed
 Agenda
• Critical Radius of Insulation – Numerical
• Revision
 Critical Radius of Insulation
11. A steam pipe of 10cm ID and 11 cm OD is
covered with an insulating material (k=1 W/mK).
The steam temperature and the ambient
temperatures are 200°C and 20°C respectively. If
the convective heat transfer coefficient between
the insulation surface and air is 8 W/m2K. Find the
critical radius of insulation. For this value of radius,
calculate the heat loss per metre of pipe and the
outer surface temperature. Neglect the conductive
resistance of pipe material.

MEE 2005 - Heat Transfer

Given To Find
r1 = 5 cm
(i) rc
r2 = 5.5 cm
(ii) Q at rc
k =1 W/mK
(iii) To
h = 8 W/m2K
Ti = 200C
T = 20C
L=1m
Solution
(i) Critical radius (cylinder) = k/h =0.125 m=12.5 cm
(ii) Rate of heat transfer
∆𝑇
Q =
𝑅𝑡ℎ
Rth = Rcond + Rconv
1 𝑟𝑐
Rcond = ln( )
2𝑘𝑙 𝑟2
1
Rconv=
ℎ (2𝑟𝑐𝑙)
Rth = 0.289 K/W
Rate of heat transfer
Q = 622.83 W
(iii) Tw
Q = const for steady state
∆𝑇 Tw − T
Q= =
𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣 0.159
Tw − 20
622.83 =
0.159

Tw = 119.03C
 Critical Radius of Insulation
12. An electric conductor made of copper of length 1 m with a
diameter of 1mm is covered with a plastic insulation of
thickness 1 mm. The temperature of its surroundings is 20°C.
(i) Find the maximum current that can be carried for this
insulation thickness by the conductor such that no part of
plastic is above 80°C.
kplastic = 0.5 W/mK, h = 8 W/m2K, resistivity = 3 x 10-8  m.
(ii) Determine the critical radius of insulation,
(iii) the maximum rate of heat transfer at critical radius
(iv) maximum current that can be carried by the conductor at
critical radius, and
(v) Discuss the effect of increase or decrease of insulation on
the current carrying capacity of the conductor.

MEE 2005 - Heat Transfer

Given
r1 = 0.5 mm To Find
thick = 1mm (i) rc
r2 =1.5 mm
(ii) Qmax
Resistivity () = 3 x 10-8m (iii) Imax
k =0.5 W/mK
h = 8 W/m2K (iv) .
To = 80C
T = 20C
L=1m
(i) Critical radius
rc = k/h = 0.5/8 = 0.0625 m = 6.25 cm
∆𝑇
(ii) Q =
𝑅𝑡ℎ
Rth = Rcond + Rconv
1 𝑟
Rcond = ln( 𝑐 )
2𝑘𝑙 𝑟2
1
Rconv=
ℎ (2𝑟𝑐𝑙)
Rth = 1.505 K/W
Qmax = 39.86 W
(iii) To find Imax
Qmax = I2 R
𝑙
Electrical Resistance R = = 0.0382 
𝐴𝑐
Imax = 32.3 A
r2<rc
Amount of Heat Transfer
Rate of Heat Transfer
Governing laws
• Conduction
• Convection
• Radiation
• Thermal conductivity
– Unit
– Variable thermal conductivity
• Heat Transfer Coefficient
– Unit
• Stefan Boltzmann Constant
– Unit
Cartesian Co-ord
T(x,y,z,t) T(x)
q’’’

Cylindrical Co-ord
T(r, , z, t) T(r)

Spherical Co-ord
T(r, , , t) T(r)
 1-d steady conduction
(i) Cartesian Co-ordinates
𝜕2 𝑇 𝑞′′′ 1 𝜕𝑇
+ =
𝜕𝑥 2 𝑘  𝜕𝑡

(ii) Cylindrical Co-ordinates

1 𝜕 𝜕𝑇 𝑞′′′ 1 𝜕𝑇
𝑟 + =
𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑘  𝜕𝑡

(iii) Spherical Co-ordinates

1 𝜕 𝜕𝑇 𝑞′′′ 1 𝜕𝑇
𝑟2 + =
𝑟2 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑘  𝜕𝑡

In general the 1 D heat conduction equation is

1 𝜕 𝜕𝑇 𝑞′′′ 1 𝜕𝑇
𝑟𝑛 + =
𝑟𝑛 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑘  𝜕𝑡
 1d steady conduction
• Simple Systems
– Plane wall
– Hollow cylinder
– Hollow Sphere
• Composite Systems
• Critical Radius of Insulation
– Cylinder
– Sphere
• Systems with heat generation
– Plane wall
– Solid cylinder
– Solid Sphere
 Module 3
• Conduction Shape factor