FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev.

0 10-July-2020

Study Guide in Mgt 101: Management and Marketing in the 21 st Century Module No. 5

Study Guide
FM-AA-CIA-15
in Mgt STUDY
101:
Rev.
Management
0 10-July-2020
GUIDE and Marketing
FOR MODULEin the 21st Century
NO. 5 Module N

CONTROLLING
STUDY GUIDE
MODULE OVERVIEW FOR MODULE NO. 5

Hello again #BSBAbies!  Can you remember the acronym I taught you to memorize the functions of
CONTROLLING
management easily? It’s POLC! So far, we have tackled planning, organizing and leading. So, the last
function which is C, stands for
MODULE CONTROLLING! This is the last topic for the Management part.
OVERVIEW
Things don’tHello
always go #BSBAbies!
again as planned. That’s
 Canwhy you controlling
remember is thesoacronym
important! Controlling
I taught you toismemorize
the final step in the
the functions of
management process. Managers must monitor whether goals that were established as part of the planning
management easily? It’s POLC! So far, we have tackled planning, organizing and leading. So, the last
process arefunction
being accomplished efficiently
which is C, stands and effectively asThis
for CONTROLLING! planned.
is the That’s what
last topic forthey do when theypart.
the Management control.
Appropriate controls can help managers look for specific performance gaps and areas for improvement. And
that’s what Things
we’re going
don’tto look atgoinas
always this chapter—the
planned. That’scontrol process, is
why controlling thesotypes of controls
important! that managers
Controlling can
is the final step in the
use, and contemporary issues in control.
management process. Managers must monitor whether goals that were established as part of the planning
process are being accomplished efficiently and effectively as planned. That’s what they do when they control.
Ready? Arat na! 
Appropriate controls can help managers look for specific performance gaps and areas for improvement. And
that’s what we’re going to look at in this chapter—the control process, the types of controls that managers can
All contentsuse,
are heavily drawn fromissues
and contemporary our main reference book, Management (14th ed.) by Robbins & Coulter
in control.
(2018).
Ready? Arat na! 
MODULE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
All contents are heavily drawn from our main reference book, Management (14th ed.) by Robbins & Coulter
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
(2018).
1. Explain the nature and importance of control.
2. MODULE
List the three steps in OBJECTIVES
LEARNING the control process.
3. Explain how organizational and employee performance are measured.
4. Identify toolsofused
At the end to measure
this module, youorganizational
should be ableperformance.
to:
5. Discuss1.contemporary issues in
Explain the nature and control.
importance of control.
2. List the three steps in the control process.
WHAT IS CONTROLLING ANDhow
3. Explain WHY IS IT IMPORTANT
organizational and employee performance are measured.
4. Identify tools used to measure organizational performance.
Controlling is a process of 5. monitoring, comparing, and
Discuss contemporary correcting
issues work performance. All managers should
in control.
control even if their units are performing as planned because they can’t really know that unless they’ve
evaluated what activities
WHAT IS have been done andAND
CONTROLLING compared
WHY ISactual performance against the desired standard.
IT IMPORTANT
Why is control so important?
Controlling Planning
is a process ofcan be done,comparing,
monitoring, an organizational structurework
and correcting created to facilitate
performance. Allefficient
managers should
achievement of goals, and employees motivated through effective leadership. But there’s no assurance
control even if their units are performing as planned because they can’t really know that unless thatthey’ve
activities are going as planned and that the goals employees and managers are working toward are, in
evaluated what activities have been done and compared actual performance against the desired standard.fact,
being attained.
Why is control so important? Planning can be done, an organizational structure created to facilitate efficient
achievement of goals, and employees motivated through effective leadership. But there’s no assurance that
LEARNING ACTIVITY
activities are going as planned and that the goals employees and managers are working toward are, in fact,
being attained.
Continue reading the topic on the ebook, Management (14th ed.) by Robbins & Coulter (2018) on pp. 632-633
and watch the video entitled “Controlling as a Function of Management” on
http://oer2go.org/mods/en-oya/business-101/webpages/Chapter13/1-controlling-as-a-function-of-
LEARNING ACTIVITY
management.html. Include in your short notes new knowledge not included in the ebook.
Continue reading the topic on the ebook, Management (14th ed.) by Robbins & Coulter (2018) on pp. 632-633
Reflection and
(Guide)
watchQuestion/s (Code: “Controlling
the video entitled T5_RQ1) as a Function of Management” on
 Why is control an essential managerial function in all types of organizations?
http://oer2go.org/mods/en-oya/business-101/webpages/Chapter13/1-controlling-as-a-function-of-
management.html. Include in your short notes new knowledge not included in the ebook.
THEReflection
CONTROL(Guide)
PROCESS
Question/s (Code: T5_RQ1)
 Why is control an essential managerial function in all types of organizations?
The control process is a three-step process of measuring actual performance, comparing actual
performance against
THEa standard,
CONTROL andPROCESS
taking managerial action to correct deviations or to address inadequate

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 1

The control process is a three-step process of measuring actual performance, comparing actual
performance against a standard, and taking managerial action to correct deviations or to address inadequate
PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY
 FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev. 0 10-July-2020

Study Guide in Mgt 101: Management and Marketing in the 21 st Century Module No. 5

standards. The control process assumes that performance standards already exist, and they do. They’re the
specific goalsStudy Guide
FM-AA-CIA-15
created in Mgtthe
during 101:
Rev.
Management and Marketing in the 21st Century
0 10-July-2020
planning process Module N

STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE NO. 5

CONTROLLING

MODULE OVERVIEW

Hello again #BSBAbies!  Can you remember the acronym I taught you to memorize the functions of
management easily? It’s POLC! So far, we have tackled planning, organizing and leading. So, the last
function which is C, stands for CONTROLLING! This is the last topic for the Management part.

Things don’t always go as planned. That’s why controlling is so important! Controlling is the final step in the
management process. Managers must monitor whether goals that were established as part of the planning
process are being accomplished efficiently and effectively as planned. That’s what they do when they control.
Appropriate controls can help managers look for specific performance gaps and areas for improvement. And
that’s what we’re going to look at in this chapter—the control process, the types of controls that managers can
use, and contemporary issues in control.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2
Ready? Arat na! 
Continue reading the topic on the ebook, Management (14th ed.) by Robbins & Coulter (2018) on pp. 633-
All contents
637. Don’t forget to writeare heavily
short notesdrawn from
on your our main(virtual
notebook reference book, Management (14th ed.) by Robbins & Coulter
or physical)!
(2018).

Reflection (Guide)MODULE LEARNING

Question/s OBJECTIVES
(Code: T5_RQ2)
 What are the activities involved in each of the steps in the control process?
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
CONTROLLING FOR 1. ORGANIZATIONAL
Explain the nature and importance
AND EMPLOYEE of control.
PERFORMANCE
2. List the three steps in the control process.
3. is Explain
We should first define what how organizational
performance and employee
and organizational performance
performance are measured.
to better understand this.
4. Identify tools used to measure organizational performance.
 Performance is the end result of an activity. And whether that activity is hours of intense practice
5. race
before a concert or Discuss contemporary
or whether issues
it’s carrying out in
jobcontrol.
responsibilities as efficiently and effectively as
possible, performance is what results from that activity.
WHAT IS CONTROLLING AND WHY IS IT IMPORTANT
 Managers are concerned with organizational performance—the accumulated results of all the
Controlling is a process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting work performance. All managers should
organization’s work activities. It’s a multifaceted concept, but managers need to understand the
control even if their units are performing as planned because they can’t really know that unless they’ve
factors that contribute to organizational performance. After all, it’s unlikely that they want (or intend) to
evaluated what activities have been done and compared actual performance against the desired standard.
manage their way to mediocre performance. They want their organizations, work units, or work
groups to achieve high levels of performance.
Why is control so important? Planning can be done, an organizational structure created to facilitate efficient
achievement of goals, and employees motivated through effective leadership. But there’s no assurance that
 Organizational
activities areperformance is the and
going as planned accumulated results
that the goals of all the and
employees organization’s
managers work activities.
are working Threeare, in fact,
toward
frequently used
being attained.organizational performance measures include (1) productivity, the output of goods or
services produced divided by the inputs needed to generate that output; (2) organizational
effectiveness, a measure of how appropriate organizational goals are and how well those goals are
being met; and (3) industry
LEARNING and company rankings compiled by various business publications.
ACTIVITY

Continue reading the topic on the ebook, Management (14th ed.) by Robbins & Coulter (2018) on pp. 632-633
LEARNING
and watchACTIVITY 3 entitled “Controlling as a Function of Management” on
the video
http://oer2go.org/mods/en-oya/business-101/webpages/Chapter13/1-controlling-as-a-function-of-
Continue reading the topic on the
management.html. ebook,
Include Management
in your (14th
short notes newed.) by Robbins
knowledge not &included
Coulter in
(2018) on pp. 637-
the ebook.
641. Don’t forget the short notes! Also, check out this article “6 Manager Activities to Maintain Employee
Performance and Engagement
Reflection (Guide) During a Potential
Question/s (Code:Pandemic”
T5_RQ1) from
https://www.gartner.com/en/documents/3981908/6-manager-activities-to-maintain-employee-performance-an
 Why is control an essential managerial function in all types of organizations?
and write down tips.

THE CONTROL PROCESS

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 2

The control process is a three-step process of measuring actual performance, comparing actual
performance against a standard, and taking managerial action to correct deviations or to address inadequate
PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY
 FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev. 0 10-July-2020

Study Guide in Mgt 101: Management and Marketing in the 21 st Century Module No. 5

Reflection (Guide) Question/s (Code: T5_RQ3)

Study Guide
FM-AA-CIA-15
in Mgt 101:
Rev.
Management and Marketing in the 21st Century
0 10-July-2020 Module N
 How do managers control employee performance?

Virtual Interview: (Code: T5_Vi)

STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE NO. 5
Disciplining employees is one of the least favorite tasks of managers, but it is something that all managers
have to do. Interview one manager about their experiences with employee discipline. What types of employee
CONTROLLING
actions have caused the need for disciplinary action? What disciplinary actions have they used? What do they
think is the most difficult thing to do when disciplining employees? What suggestions do they have for
MODULE OVERVIEW
disciplining employees?
Hello again #BSBAbies!  Can you remember the acronym I taught you to memorize the functions of
TOOLS FOR MEASURING ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE
management easily? It’s POLC! So far, we have tackled planning, organizing and leading. So, the last
function which is C, stands for CONTROLLING! This is the last topic for the Management part.
All managers need appropriate tools for monitoring and measuring organizational performance. Before
describing some specific types of control tools, let’s look at the concept of feedforward, concurrent, and
Things don’t always go as planned. That’s why controlling is so important! Controlling is the final step in the
feedback control.
management process. Managers must monitor whether goals that were established as part of the planning
process are being accomplished efficiently and effectively as planned. That’s what they do when they control.
 Feedforward controls take place before a work activity is done (and is most desirable type of control!).
Appropriate controls can help managers look for specific performance gaps and areas for improvement. And
 Concurrent controls take place while a work activity is being done. The best-known form of concurrent
that’s what we’re going to look at in this chapter—the control process, the types of controls that managers can
control is direct supervision. Another term for it is management by walking around, which is when a
use, and contemporary issues in control.
manager is in the work area interacting directly with employees.
 Feedback controls take place after a work activity is done.
Ready? Arat na! 

All contents are heavily drawn from our main reference book, Management (14th ed.) by Robbins & Coulter
(2018).

MODULE LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Explain the nature and importance of control.
2. List the three steps in the control process.
3. Explain how organizational and employee performance are measured.
4. Identify tools used to measure organizational performance.
5. measuring
Now these are the tools for Discuss contemporary
organizationalissues in control.
performance
 Financial controls that managers can use include financial ratios (liquidity, leverage, activity, and
WHAT
profitability) IS CONTROLLING
and budgets. AND wants
Every business WHY IS IT IMPORTANT
to earn a profit. To achieve this goal, managers need
financial controls.
 OneControlling
informationiscontrol
a process of monitoring,
managers can use comparing,
is a managementand correcting work
information performance.
system All managers should
(MIS), which
control even if their units are performing as planned because they can’t
provides managers with needed information on a regular basis.Others include comprehensive really know that unless
and they’ve
evaluated what activities have been done and compared actual performance against
secure controls such as data encryption, system firewalls, data back-ups, and so forth that protect the the desired standard.
organization’s information. Managers approach information controls in two ways. Information control
canWhy is control
be used so important?
as a tool to help themPlanning
controlcan
otherbeorganizational
done, an organizational structure
activities and as an created to facilitate efficient
organizational
achievement of goals,
area they need to control. and employees motivated through effective leadership. But there’s no assurance that
activities are going as planned and that the goals employees and managers are
 Balanced scorecards provide a way to evaluate an organization’s performance in four different areas working toward are, in fact,
being attained.
rather than just from the financial perspective. A balanced scorecard typically looks at four areas that
contribute to a company’s performance: financial, customer, internal processes, and
people/innovation/growth assets. According to this approach, managers should develop goals in each
of the fourLEARNING ACTIVITY
areas and then measure whether the goals are being met.
 Benchmarking provides control by finding the best practices among competitors or noncompetitors
andContinue
from insidereading the topic onitself.
the organization the ebook, Management
Benchmarking (14th
should ed.) by
identify Robbins
various & Coulter the
benchmarks, (2018) on pp. 632-633
and watch the video entitled “Controlling as a Function
standards of excellence against which to measure and compare. of Management” on
http://oer2go.org/mods/en-oya/business-101/webpages/Chapter13/1-controlling-as-a-function-of-
management.html.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 4Include in your short notes new knowledge not included in the ebook.
Reflection
Continue reading (Guide)
the topic Question/s
on the (Code: T5_RQ1)
ebook, Management (14th ed.) by Robbins & Coulter (2018) on pp. 642-647
 Why is control an essential
Don’t forget to write short notes on your notebook managerial
(virtual orfunction in all types of organizations?
physical)!

THE CONTROL PROCESS

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 3

The control process is a three-step process of measuring actual performance, comparing actual
performance against a standard, and taking managerial action to correct deviations or to address inadequate
PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY
 FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev. 0 10-July-2020

Study Guide in Mgt 101: Management and Marketing in the 21 st Century Module No. 5

Study
Application in RealGuide
FM-AA-CIA-15
Lifein(Code:
Mgt 101:
Rev.
Management and Marketing in the 21st Century
0 10-July-2020
T5_AR1): Module N

How could you use the concept of control in your personal life? Be specific. (Think in terms of feedforward,
concurrent, and feedback controls as well as specific controls for the different aspects of your life—school,
STUDY
work, family relationships, GUIDE
friends, FORetc.).
hobbies, MODULE
Answer inNO. 5 words.
100-120

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN CONTROL

CONTROLLING
Six management control issues are cross-cultural differences, workplace privacy, employee theft, workplace
violence, customer MODULE OVERVIEW
interactions, and corporate governance. For each of these issues, managers need to have
policies in place to control inappropriate actions and ensure that work is getting done efficiently and
effectively. Hello again #BSBAbies!  Can you remember the acronym I taught you to memorize the functions of
management easily? It’s POLC! So far, we have tackled planning, organizing and leading. So, the last
function
 Adjusting which is
controls forC,cross-cultural
stands for CONTROLLING!
differences mayThis is the last
be needed topic for
primarily in the
the Management part.
areas of measuring
and taking corrective actions. Organizations should clearly communicate to managers and employees
howThings don’t always
to approach go as planned.
and respond to routineThat’s why controlling
and nonroutine is so within
situations important! Controlling
and outside the is
homethe final step in the
management
country. process. Managers must monitor whether goals that were established as part of the planning
process are being accomplished efficiently and effectively as planned.
 Employees who use the Internet and social media for personal use are not entitled to privacy. That’s what they do when they control.
Appropriate controls can help managers look for specific performance gaps
Organizations need to establish clear policies that outline the differences between proper and and areas for improvement. And
that’s what we’re going to look at in this chapter—the
improper use and the consequences for using technology inappropriately. control process, the types of controls that managers can
use, and contemporary issues in control.
 Employee theft is costly to organizations. Procedures for monitoring theft and the consequences for
committing a theft should be clearly explained to employees.
Ready? violence
 Workplace Arat na! is a prevalent problem. Organizations need to develop emergency plans for
responding to incidents of violence that include protecting the safety of employeesthand customers.
 ControlAll contents are heavily
is important drawninteractions
to customer from our main reference
because book, service
employee Management (14 ed.)
productivity andby Robbins & Coulter
service
(2018).
quality influences customer perceptions of service value. Organizations want long-term and mutually
beneficial relationships among their employees and customers.
 CorporateMODULE governance LEARNING OBJECTIVES
is the system used to govern a corporation so that the interests of corporate
owners are protected. A board of directors looks out for the interests of shareholders. The Sarbanes-
Oxley Act calledAt thefor
end of this
more module,and
disclosure youtransparency
should be able of to:
corporate financial information.
1. Explain the nature and importance of control.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2. 5List the three steps in the control process.
3. Explain how organizational and employee performance are measured.
Continue reading the topic4.on Identify
the ebook,toolsManagement
used to measure(14th organizational
ed.) by Robbins performance.
& Coulter (2018) on pp. 647-
5. Discuss contemporary issues in control.
654. Don’t forget to write short notes on your notebook (virtual or physical)!
WHAT IS CONTROLLING AND WHY IS IT IMPORTANT

Controlling is a process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting work performance. All managers should
control even if their units are performing as planned because they can’t really know that unless they’ve
Quiz #6 evaluated what activities have been done and compared actual performance against the desired standard.
 Review all the lessons in this module and prepare short quiz. I will be sending the link of the quiz. You
canWhy
onlyisanswer
controlonce and makePlanning
so important? sure you can
answer them an
be done, when you’re ready.
organizational Answercreated
structure the questions as efficient
to facilitate
honest as possible.
achievement You know
of goals, the drill: Domotivated
and employees not ask your classmates
through forleadership.
effective the questions
But and learn
there’s noon
assurance that
your own  are going as planned and that the goals employees and managers are working toward are, in fact,
activities
being attained.

SUMMARY
LEARNING ACTIVITY
 Controlling is the process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting work performance.
 As Continue
the final step in the
reading management
the topic on the process, controlling provides
ebook, Management (14th ed.) theby
link back to&planning.
Robbins If
Coulter (2018) on pp. 632-633
managers
and watch didn’t
thecontrol, they’d have
video entitled no wayas
“Controlling of aknowing
Functionwhether goals wereon
of Management” being met.
 Control is important because (1) it’s the only way to know if goals are being met, and if not, why; (2) it
http://oer2go.org/mods/en-oya/business-101/webpages/Chapter13/1-controlling-as-a-function-of-
provides information and
management.html. feedback
Include so short
in your managers
notesfeel
newcomfortable
knowledge empowering
not included employees;
in the ebook.and (3) it
helps protect an organization and its assets.
 TheReflection
three steps(Guide)
in the control process
Question/s are measuring,
(Code: T5_RQ1) comparing, and taking action.
 Three frequently
 Why is control an essential managerial measures
used organizational performance function in include
all types(1)ofproductivity; (2) and (3)
organizations?
industry and company rankings.

THE CONTROL PROCESS

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 4

The control process is a three-step process of measuring actual performance, comparing actual
performance against a standard, and taking managerial action to correct deviations or to address inadequate
PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY
 FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev. 0 10-July-2020

Study Guide in Mgt 101: Management and Marketing in the 21 st Century Module No. 5

 Feedforward controls take place before a work activity is done. st

Concurrent controls take place while a
work Study Guide
FM-AA-CIA-15
activity in Mgtdone.
is being 101:
Rev.
Management
0 10-July-2020
Feedback and Marketing
controls takeinplace
the 21after
Century
a work activity is done Module N
 The tools used to measure organizational performance are financial controls, information control,
balanced scorecard and benchmarking.
 Six management control issues are cross-cultural differences, workplace privacy, employee theft,
workplace STUDY GUIDE interactions,
violence, customer FOR MODULE NO. 5governance. For each of these issues,
and corporate
managers need to have policies in place to control inappropriate actions and ensure that work is
getting done efficiently and effectively.
CONTROLLING

MODULE OVERVIEW
REFERENCES
Hello again #BSBAbies!  Can you remember the acronym I taught you to memorize the functions of
 Robbins, S. & Coulter, M. (2018). Management. (14th ed.). Pearson Education Limited
management easily? It’s POLC! So far, we have tackled planning, organizing and leading. So, the last
 http://oer2go.org/mods/en-oya/business-101/webpages/Chapter13/1-controlling-as-a-function-of-
function which is C, stands for CONTROLLING! This is the last topic for the Management part.
management.html
 https://www.gartner.com/en/documents/3981908/6-manager-activities-to-maintain-employee-
Things don’t always go as planned. That’s why controlling is so important! Controlling is the final step in the
performance-an
management process. Managers must monitor whether goals that were established as part of the planning
process are being accomplished efficiently and effectively as planned. That’s what they do when they control.
Appropriate controls can help managers look for specific performance gaps and areas for improvement. And
that’s what we’re going to look at in this chapter—the control process, the types of controls that managers can
use, and contemporary issues in control.

Ready? Arat na! 

All contents are heavily drawn from our main reference book, Management (14th ed.) by Robbins & Coulter
(2018).

MODULE LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Explain the nature and importance of control.
2. List the three steps in the control process.
3. Explain how organizational and employee performance are measured.
4. Identify tools used to measure organizational performance.
5. Discuss contemporary issues in control.

WHAT IS CONTROLLING AND WHY IS IT IMPORTANT

Controlling is a process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting work performance. All managers should
control even if their units are performing as planned because they can’t really know that unless they’ve
evaluated what activities have been done and compared actual performance against the desired standard.

Why is control so important? Planning can be done, an organizational structure created to facilitate efficient
achievement of goals, and employees motivated through effective leadership. But there’s no assurance that
activities are going as planned and that the goals employees and managers are working toward are, in fact,
being attained.

LEARNING ACTIVITY

Continue reading the topic on the ebook, Management (14th ed.) by Robbins & Coulter (2018) on pp. 632-633
and watch the video entitled “Controlling as a Function of Management” on
http://oer2go.org/mods/en-oya/business-101/webpages/Chapter13/1-controlling-as-a-function-of-
management.html. Include in your short notes new knowledge not included in the ebook.

Reflection (Guide) Question/s (Code: T5_RQ1)

 Why is control an essential managerial function in all types of organizations?

THE CONTROL PROCESS

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 5

The control process is a three-step process of measuring actual performance, comparing actual
performance against a standard, and taking managerial action to correct deviations or to address inadequate
PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY