1.

0 PLAIN GEOMETRY

This is branch of graphic communication that deals with flat shapes such as, lines,
triangles, quadrilaterals, circles and many others.

1.1 Drawing sheets and their formats

The following are the standard drawing sheets available:

A0= 841 x 1189 A1= 594 x 841 A2= 420 x 594 A3= 297 x 420 A4= 210 x 297

All these drawing sheets have two (2) formats:

1. Landscape- the longer side is placed in the horizontal position.

2. Portrait- the longer side is placed in the vertical position.

Note that in graphic communication or in technical drawing, the drawing sheets are
normally placed in landscape position.
1.2 Preparation of boarder and title block
We use the following dimensions when preparing the boarder and title block.

1.3 Construction of lines from given data

A line a path traced by a moving point or it’s a distance between two points. It has
two ends, the starting point A and the ending point B. the four common types of
lines are as follows:
1. Visible line- also known as outlines, they shows visible edges of an object.
2. Feint lines- also known as construction lines, they indicate feint and thin lines
of an object.
3. Centre lines- they show the centre point where the circle should be drawn.
4. Hidden lines- also known as dotted lines, they show parts of an object which
cannot be seen from a given view.
5. Zigzag lines- they show the break point/part of an object.
Activity 1

1. Bisect line AB= 50mm

2. Draw a perpendicular line from a point to a given line AB=50mmm
3. Draw a perpendicular line from a point on a given line AB=50mmm
4. Divide line AB= 50mm into 4 equal parts
5. Draw parallel lines using the following methods:
- T-square method
- Set square method
- Campus method
1.4 Construction of angles
An angle is a distance formed when two lines meet. The point where they meet is
called the vertex. Angles are measured in degrees (o) say, 900, 600 or 3000. They
are measured from a horizontal 00 line going in the anti-clockwise direction. The
four types of angles are as follows:
1. Acute angles- angles between 00 and 900.
2. Obtuse angles- angles between 900 and 1800
3. Right angles- angles at exactly 900.
4. Reflex angles- angles between 1800 and 3600.

Activity 2

Construct the following angles:

1. 600 2. 300 3. 150 4. 1200 5. 450 6. 2850