EXPERIMENT # 11: PROTHROMBIN TIME

1. State the different factors of Intrinsic Pathway and give its common names.
The different factors involved in the Intrinsic Pathway along with their common names are:
Factor XII : Hageman Factor/Glass Factor/Contact Factor
Pre-kallikrein : Fletcher Factor/Pre-k
HMWK : Fitzgerald Factor/High Molecular Weight Kininogen/Williams
Factor/Flaujeac Factor/Contact activation cofactor
Factor XI : Plasma Thromboplastin Antecedent/Anti-Hemophilic Factor C
Factor IX : Christmas Factor/Plasma Thromboplastin Component/Anti-
Hemophilic Factor B/Platelet cofactor 2
Factor VIII : Anti-Hemophilic Factor A/Factor VIII:C/Anti-hemophilic
Globulin/Platelet cofactor 1
2. State the different factors of Extrinsic Pathway and give its common names.
The factor involved in the Extrinsic Pathway along with its common names is:
Factor VII : Stable Factor/SPCA/Auto-Prothrombin 1/Proconvertin

EXPERIMENT # 12: ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME

1. If the patient has a prolonged APTT, what does it indicates?
If the activated partial thromboplastin is prolonged (↑) it means that the patients have a
Factor IX and/or Fletcher Factor deficiency, is suffering from hypofibrinogenemia or hemophilia,
has a circulating anticoagulants present such as heparin, or has a presence of inhibitor such as
lupus inhibitor in their plasma.
2. What are the activators that can be used in APTT test? Give its functions.
The activators that can be used in APTT reagent can be kaolin, to trigger coagulation in
thrombin generation test and increases sensitivity of the test in hemophiliac patients, celite, used
to guide anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass and activates the contact activation
pathway together with kaolin, ellagic acid, that shows adequate lupus anticoagulant sensitivity
than silica but has small effect on contact activation thus called a "soluble" activator of the
contact mechanism, and silica, a surface activator that increase the activation of coagulation
cascade by adsorbing and stimulating of intrinsic pathway clotting factors.