Vehicle Theft Detection Aided With GSM Technology

ADDIS ABABA SCIENCE
AND
TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering

Electrical and computer Engineering Department
STREAM - Electronic Communication Engineering
BSc Final Project

Title: vehicle theft detection aided with GSM technology
PREPARED BY: - Yonas Abebe ………….….... ETS 1351/06
Yosef Tilahun ….…………….ETS 1370/06
Rediet Fekadu ……………... ETS 3428/05
Yodit Tesfaye ………….........ETS 1334/06
Yohannes Getahun ………… TS 0052/07
Advisor: DR. Sudhir K. Routray

June 2018
AASTU ECE BSc FINAL PROJECT
Declaration
We declare that this project is original work of us, which has not been presented for a
degree program in this or any other universities, and all sources of materials used for the project
have been fully acknowledged. It is prepared as a report for our project according to the thesis
writing format prepared by AASTU. We have done this project for the partial fulfilment of BSc
degree in electronic communication engineering.
Finally, it is a must to tell you how much effort we have made to do this project and come
up with tangible outcomes.
Name: Signature
1. Rediet Fekadu ----------------

2. Yodit Tesfaye ----------------
3. Yohannes Getahun ----------------
4. Yonas Abebe ----------------
5. Yosef Tilahun ----------------
Approved By:
Advisor: ________________________
Signature: _______________________
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Acknowledgement
First and for most, we are extremely grateful to the Department of Electrical Engineering,
for giving us the opportunity to carry out this project, which is an integral part of the curriculum
in Addis Ababa Science and Technology university.
Secondly, we would like to express our earnest gratitude and regards to our project
advisor DR. Sudhir k. Routray in the Department of Electrical Engineering, for being the corner
stone of our project. He gave us his perpetual motivation and guidance during the period of
doubts and uncertainties that has helped us to carry on with this project.
Finally, we extend our gratefulness to one and all who are directly or indirectly involved in the
successful completion of this project work.
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Abstract
Currently, most of the public are having their own vehicle. Along with the increase of
vehicles, theft is also increasing. Most of the vehicle theft actions are happening at parking
places, apartment complexes and special events that attract a large crowd. The safety of vehicles
is essential for vehicle owners.
This project comes with a solution for full vehicle theft. When implemented, it will make
vehicle theft almost impossible.
Vehicle theft detection mechanism, self-engine locking and SMS notification to the
owner are installed to the vehicle. Once, unauthorized engine start up is detected, the system
implemented initiates self-engine lock and will notify the owner.
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Contents
Declaration.......................................................................................................................................................
..I
Acknowledgement ..........................................................................................................................................
..II
Abstract............................................................................................................................................................
III
Table of
Contents.............................................................................................................................................IV
List of
Figures ...................................................................................................................................................VI
List of Tables ..................................................................................................................................................
VII
List of Acronyms ...........................................................................................................................................
VIII
CHAPTER
ONE ..................................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................................
..... 1
1.1 Background................................................................................................................................................
1
1.2 Statement of the problem ........................................................................................................................
1
1.3 Objectives ..................................................................................................................................................
2
1.4 Methodology..............................................................................................................................................
2
1.5 Scope of the project ..................................................................................................................................
3
1.6 Significance of the project ........................................................................................................................
3
1.7 Outline of the paper .................................................................................................................................
4
CHAPTER
TWO ................................................................................................................................................ 5
LITERATURE
REVIEW ....................................................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER
THREE .............................................................................................................................................. 6
DESIGN and
ANALYSIS ......................................................................................................................................7
3.1 System Block
Diagram ............................................................................................................................... 8
3.3 Theoretical analysis ...................................................................................................................................
9
3.4 Design Specifications................................................................................................................................
11
V
3.4.1 Keypad ..............................................................................................................................................

12
3.4.2 Arduino mega....................................................................................................................................12
3.4.3 LCD.....................................................................................................................................................13
3.4.4 SIM900A GSM Module...................................................................................................................... 14
3.4.5 DC motor .......................................................................................................................................... 16
3.4.6 Switch ............................................................................................................................................... 16
CHAPTER FOUR.......................................................................................................................................... 17
SIMULATION & IMPLEMENTATION............................................................................................................17
4.1 Simulation............................................................................................................................................ 17
4.2 Practical Design ....................................................................................................................................23
CHAPTER 5 ................................................................................................................................................ 25
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE ........................................................................................................... 25
5.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................,,....... 25
5.2 Future scope……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…...25
List of Figures
Figure 1: General block diagram ................................................................................................................. 7
Figure 2: Flow Chart of the System.............................................................................................................. 8
Figure 3: Internal Ignition process ..............................................................................................................11
Figure 4: Keypad.........................................................................................................................................12
Figure 5: Arduino Mega Board....................................................................................................................13
Figure 6: LCD pin diagram ........................................................................................................................13
Figure 7: SIM900A GSM/GPRS Module & its internal structure…………………………………….…..15
Figure 8: DC Motor .....................................................................................................................................16
Figure 9:Detection mechanism using GSM ................................................................................................18
Figure 10:Vehicle TD using Keypad and Switch .......................................................................................19
Figure 11:System Intiating...........................................................................................................................19
Figure 12:Requesting password to Switch ..................................................................................................20
Figure 13: Correct password entered &TM OFF........................................................................................ 20
Figure 14: Response when incorrect password entered ..............................................................................21
Figure 15: Forced Igintion or duplicate key used .......................................................................................22
Figure 16: Intiating Self –freeze .................................................................................................................23
Figure 17: Sending SMS to owner ..............................................................................................................23
Figure 18: Mobile Phone notification display..............................................................................................23
Figure 19: practical design of the project.....................................................................................................24
VI
List of Tables
Table 1: Arduino Mega...............................................................................................................................12
Table 2: LCD pin description ......................................................................................................................14
Table 3:GSM pin description ..................................................................................................................... 15
Table 4: Electrical characteristics ...............................................................................................................15
VII
List of Acronyms
AT……………………..………Attention Command
CSS………………………..…….Car Security System
DC………………………………..Direct Current
EEPROM…………………….…..Electrically erasable Programmable Random Access Memory
Gnd…………………………….....Ground
GPRS……………………………..General Packet Radio Service
GPS………………………….…....Geographical Positioning Systems
GSM……………………….……...Global System for Mobile
IC……………………….………....Integrated Circuit
I/O………………………………….Input/Output
LCD…………………………….....Liquid Crystal Display
LED……………………………….Light Emitting Diode
PC………………………………....Personal Computer
PWM………………………………...Pulse Width Modulation
RFID…………………………………Radio Frequency Identification
SIM………………………………..Subscriber Identity Module
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SRAM……………………………..Static Random Access Memory

TM………………………………..Theft Mode
TD………………………………….Theft Detection
UART…………………………..… Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
USB………………………………..Universal Serial Bus
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
These days so many individuals owns a vehicle. Vehicle theft is a common issue which
everyone faces in insecure parking places. This is a major problem which seemingly little being
done about it. Several problems have led to increase in vehicle theft, ranging from human absent
mindedness, to the lack of vehicle parking structures. The safety of the public vehicle is
extremely essential. Current security systems have certain vulnerabilities.
GSM technology is employed to make vehicle theft notification. Global System of

mobile communication is a globally accepted standard for digital cellular communication. Owner
of the vehicle uses Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) inserted within his cell phone to receive
messages from GSM modem which is a part of vehicle theft prevention system that is attached to
vehicle. A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates
over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. From the mobile operator
perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone.
The development of GSM technology has made it easy to notify the owner when theft is
detected by the car. The proposed system integrates GSM technology and detection mechanism
while theft is going on the car. The project focuses on full vehicle theft. When a thief enters the
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car and tries to start the engine, the GSM module which is interfaced to a microcontroller will
notify the owner that unauthorized access to the vehicle is detected using SMS text.
1.2 Statement of the problem

As we all know, vehicles are among the most fascinating machines that are made by
human beings. They play great role in transporting people and heavy loads. Currently, in
Ethiopia we have 931,265 Vehicles, out of it 40% is small automobiles which are very easy to
drive and much more vulnerable to theft.
There are two kinds of vehicle theft observed these days. One is theft for spare parts of a
car and the other one is full car theft which is done by starting the engine of the car using
duplicate key or forced ignition. In USA 1.3 million vehicles are stolen every year. For the case
in our country unlike USA, as the Federal crime investigation of Ethiopia shows around 350 –
500 vehicles are stolen every year.
Most of this vehicle theft actions are committed at:
 Apartment complexes
 Parking places
 Special events that attract a large crowd.
And, we the students of AASTU as electronic communication engineering students, we have

come up with a project that could make full vehicle theft almost impossible.
1.3 Objectives
1.3.1 General objective the main objective of this the project:
 To detect and make car theft almost impossible using low cost devices.
1.3.2 Specific objectives: Specifically, the project aims to:
 Know the working principle of GSM module, keypad, dc motor, LCD displays and micro
controllers
 Understand the communication through GSM
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 Enabling to program a microcontroller
 Analyze how to embed keypad, GSM module, LCD display, dc motor and microcontroller.
1.4 Methodology
Methods involved during the whole project time are the following:
i. Literature review: referring the books, websites and other reference materials including
datasheet of components to understand how the system can work and know about each
component.
ii. Design specifications: listing the required performance of the system
iii. System modeling: formulating the relationship between different parts and components
of the system.
iv. Designing: the circuit design of the whole system using computer aided tools
v. Simulation: simulating the designed circuit

vi. Hardware implementation: realization and assembly of the designed and simulated
circuits
1.5 Scope of the project
We have covered theoretical analyses of the principles, operating mechanisms, and

performance of the system. We have also designed simulation using software and simulation
tools.
The simulation of this project enabled us to show every condition of different states. We
showed communication between the two units and the display. But Proteus, the simulating
software, has some limiting features like no library for GSM. This makes us use different
substitutions for the GSM. GSM is replaced by COMPIM.
The project also shows prototype simulation that has been shown on the Proteus
simulation software.
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1.6 Significance of the project
This project focuses on integrating simple devices and making useful thing for the
vehicle owner to detect vehicle theft. Equipment we used are not that much costly but when they
are integrated they form a very important device. Once the system implemented in the vehicle
detects theft action it will be capable of reporting to the owner through GSM network.
The GSM module we use for this project is governed by communication principles
learned before. The features of GSM like text message are used. The allowed frequency for GSM
in Ethiopia is 900MHz. [8]. This enables us work with SIM900 modules. In the case of Arduino
its programming was done with its Arduino programming language called embedded C++. This
is similar to C++ and Java; thus, it makes us recap these courses. The transmitter sends its signal
to the owner as theft action is detected in the car (will be discussed in the next chapter).
This project will help eliminate full vehicle theft actions by shutting down unauthorized
engine start up when theft is detected. Since, the Arduino mega is programmed to detect theft by
the time the thief tries to start the engine, the system implemented in the vehicle initiates self-
freeze (self-engine lock) that will stop the engine from working and then the owner of the car
will be notified that unauthorized access is going on his vehicle through GSM technology. In
general, the project will be able to discourage vehicle theft and will save property of owners that
worth in thousands.
1.7 Outline of the paper
This paper is a report for our project written after much effort made practically. It
includes the following chapters:
 First an introduction is discussed, which gives a general concept about this project
 Next a literature review will explain about reports of projects done before in areas similar
to our project.
 Then the overall system design and analysis briefly discusses circuit components, design
analysis and system working principles.
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 After the design and analysis, a simulation and prototype implementation of the project is
discussed.
 Finally, the paper talks about conclusion and the possible future scopes which gives a
generalized idea about our final points and future works to be made to develop more than
this.
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW

In this chapter, it contains the past and present other studies related to the project’s
development of GSM based for car security system . There are many projects that had been done
on the car theft prevention system. These projects mainly use GSM and keypad to detect the
thieves, in addition to that, we want to use GPS to have more security but as a student, we can’t
afford the price of GPS module with other component. Explanation will be focused on the related
car security system .The following are literatures studied about car theft or GSM/GPS based theft
detection systems.
Design of A GSM Cell-Phone Based Vehicle Monitoring & Theft Security System- This
was a project that has been designated to develop an advanced vehicle locking system in real
time. This project was also to make a theft security and vehicle monitoring by enhancing locking
system. There are three types the different theft detection between this project and others which
are vibration sensor, battery removal sensor and rider sensor. Timer circuit connected to IR
receiver, electromagnetic relay and buzzer. The timer circuit functioning as a timing control for
buzzer and to buzz when the first time the sensor detected. The relay will turned on and the
buzzer by signal from IC. The system get the power is from 9V DC from separate battery, hence
the system will able to work without vehicle battery. [1]
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Design of SMS-Enabled Car Security System- This system was made to generate security
based on GSM mobile equipment to the car and the system activation and deactivation based on
Short Message Service (SMS). The car security system with intelligence calling is a great
innovative to track down the car by calling the system. [2]
Car Security Control System via SMS- This paper is about to design and provide security
for the user vehicle used. The locking system of the vehicle using mobile notification system and
upgrade the security system in all aspect of range control feedback functions by implemented
connection between GSM modem and PC with microcontroller. The architecture of the system is
divided into five parts which are modem, microcontroller, model of the car, car alarm system,
and also a boot loader. The microcontroller that he used is PIC18452 and it is the brain of the
system created and manipulated the output by control the input of the system. The firmware that
the system used is Micro C to activate the system. [3]
Vehicle Theft Detection and Tracking Based on GSM and GPS-This paper is about
Vehicle tracking and locking system is installed in the vehicle, to track the place and locking
engine motor. The place of the vehicle is identified using Global Positioning system (GPS) and
Global system mobile communication (GSM). These systems constantly watch a moving vehicle
and report the status on demand. When the theft is identified, the responsible person sends SMS
to the microcontroller, then microcontroller issue the control signals to stop the engine motor.
Authorized person needs to send the password to controller to restart the vehicle and open the
door. [4]
Intelligent Anti-Theft Car Security System based on Arduino and GSM Network- This
paper is designing a low cost and an efficient anti-theft security circuit based on an Arduino
microcontroller is proposed. The system can be fixed as a backup plan inside the vehicles to
prevent them from being stolen by thieves. The system has the capability of locking the doors
and the ignition system of the vehicle and at the same time notifies the owners of the vehicle
through a GSM network with an SMS alert message. The core of the system is based on the open
source microcontroller Arduino Uno board, controlling all the operations of the electronic
circuits connected to its digital input- and output pins. The system has the capability of locking
the doors of the vehicle and turning off the ignition system as soon as the car has been accessed
by an unauthorized person. Subsequently, a GSM modem, which is also attached to the Arduino
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Uno board, can send an alert SMS to the car owners to be notified. The system can be set to be
either in sleeping mode, when the owner or an authorized person is handling the vehicle, or
otherwise, would be in the active mode. Here, the mode of operation can be changed remotely
using RF wireless remote control switch. [5]
As we can see from the above literatures most of the projects carried out use either GPS
and GSM android applications or RFID, but our project consists of keypad and GSM based car
theft detection that initiates self-engine lock, when theft or unauthorized access is detected.
CHAPTER THREE
DESIGN and ANALYSIS

3.1 System Block Diagram
VOLTAGE
SOURCE LCD
Key MICROCONTROLLER ENGINE
GSM
MODULE
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OWNER
MOBILE
PHONE
KEYPAD
Figure 1: General block diagram

The figure 1 above shows the general block diagram of two sides, the owner mobile
phone connected with GSM module using GSM network and the system implemented in the
owners vehicle. The microcontroller is interfaced with the keypad to shut down theft mode for
the vehicle before engine startup. The GSM module is used to enable SMS notification when
theft is detected.
3.2 Working Principles
Start
Theft mode on
Please enter password
No yes
Correct
password
Incorrect
password
thief mode
still on Theft mode off
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Start engine Start engine

Theft (manually)
with
detected!
duplicate
key/force
ignition
Self-freeze
system
initiated
Send SMS to owner
Figure 2: flow chart of the system
The flow chart above in fig. 2 describes how the project is implemented. By the moment
the owner/thief entered the vehicle, the system will request password for switching of the theft
mode before engine start up. The theft mode is a system implemented to the project which
differentiates between the owner and the thief. It is a pre-request for engine start up, unless the
owner switches it off by submitting password using the keypad it will treat any engine start up as
if it is theft. Hence, if the owner is the one who entered the vehicle, then he will set the password
so that he could switch off the theft mode and start the engine manually using his keys.
But, if the thief is the one who entered the vehicle, since no one knows the password
except the owner, the thief will try to start the engine with either using duplicate key or forced
ignition. In the meantime, since the Arduino is programmed to allow engine start up while theft
mode is in “OFF” state then, it will detect unauthorized access has been made to the vehicle
because the engine has started while theft mode is still in “ON” state.
After the Arduino detects forced Ignition it will initiate self-engine freeze system to stop the
engine from working and notify the owner that someone is trying to start the engine of the car
and trying to move the vehicle using GSM network. The system implemented uses GSM module
interfaced with the Arduino to communicate with the owner mobile phone through GSM
network.
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The GSM module communicates with the Arduino serially. The interfacing also can be
made between any digital pin of the Arduino from tx and rx of the module. Since the GSM is
under a module interfaced with the Arduino it reads and interprets texts.
3.3 Theoretical analysis
An ignition system generates a spark or heats an electrode to a high temperature to ignite
a fuel-air mixture in spark ignition internal combustion. The widest application for spark ignition
internal combustion engine is in petrol (gasoline) road vehicle. fig. 3 shows how ignition system
works and the different parts that created the system. And these are battery, key, ignition coil,
contact breaker, distributer and spark plug. Which are going to be discussed as follows.
Battery: is a rechargeable battery that supplies electrical current to a motor vehicle. Its main
purpose is to feed the starter, which starts the engine. Once the engine is running, power for the
electrical systems is supplied by the ignition coil. The battery is only capable of providing 12
volts. [5]
Ignition coil: is an induction coil in an automobile’s ignition system that transforms the battery’s
low voltage to the thousands of volts needed to create spark plug to ignite the fuel. Some coils
have an internal resistor, while others relay on a resistor wire or an external resistor to limit the
current flowing into the coil from the car’s 12 volt supply.[6]
Contact Breakers: is a type of electrical switch that refers to the switching device found in the
distributer of the ignition system of spark-ignition internal combustion engines. The contact
breaker is operated by an engine-driven cam, and the position of the contact breaker is to set so
that it opens at exactly the correct moment needed to ignite the fuel at the top of the piston’s
compression stroke. The contact break is usually mounted on a plate that is able to rotate relative
to the camshaft operating it. [12]
Distributer: is an enclosed rotating shaft used in spark-ignition internal combustion engines that
have mechanically-timed ignition. The distributers main function is to route secondary, or high
voltage, current from the ignition coil to the spark plugs in the correct firing order, and for the
correct amount of time. [13]
Spark plugs: is a device for delivering electric current from an ignition system to the combustion
chamber of a spark-ignition engine to ignite the compressed fuel/air mixture by an electric spark,
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while containing combustion pressure within the engine. A spark plug has a metal thread shell,
electrically isolated from a central electrode, which may contain a resistor, is connected heavily
insulated wire to the output terminal of an ignition coil. The spark plug’s metal shell is screwed
into the engine’s cylinder head and thus electrically grounded. The central electrode protrudes
through the porcelain insulator into the combustion chamber, forming one or more spark gaps
between the inner end of the central electrode and usually one or more structure attached to the
inner end of the threaded shell and designated the side, earth, or ground electrodes. [7]
Figure 3: Ignition System

Our project can be integrated with in the line coming from the battery next to where the key is
located. Since the main aim of the project is to detect vehicle theft (unauthorized engine start up)
and notify the owner using GSM network. The best way to do this would be to control the
voltage supplied from the battery to the ignition coil by interfacing the Arduino mega in between
them. As mentioned previously, the battery can supply 12 volts and this will be supplied to the
Arduino mega that will be able to provide 5 volts to the ignition coil.
The ignition coil have the ability to step up the voltage in thousands (30-50) that will be able to
rotate the engine. In doing so like this, the Arduino mega which is interfaced to the system will
be able to control the voltage supply to the system according to the program uploaded to it.
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Meaning, to detect theft and not to supply voltage for the system as well as to provide voltage
when the right user (owner) is in the vehicle.
3.4 Design Specifications

The main components we use for this project are dc motor, switch, keypad, Arduino
MEGA, SIM900A GSM Module and LCD display. The design specification of these
components is described below.
3.4.1 Keypad
A keypad is a set of buttons arranged in a block or "pad" which bear digits, symbols or
alphabetical letters. On the project we have used 4*3 key pad interfaced with the Arduino to
switch off the theft mode system initiated before engine start up. The owner of the vehicle can
only switch off the theft mode by setting the correct password to the Arduino microcontroller
using the keypad.
Figure 4:Keypad
3.4.2 Arduino mega
The Arduino mega 2560 is a micro controller board based on the ATmega 2560. It has 54 digital
input/output pins (in which 15 can be used as PMW outputs) 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs
(hardware serial port), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP
header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller. Simply it
can be connected with a PC using a USB cable or can be powered with AC-to-DC adapter or
battery to get started.
Table 1: Arduino Mega

Microcontroller ATmega 2560
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Operating voltage 5v
Input voltage (recommended) 7-12 v
Input voltage (limit) 6-20 v
Digital I/O pins 54 (of which 15 provide PMW outputs)
Analog input pins 16
DC current per I/O pin 20 mA
DC current for 3.3v pin 50 mA
Flash memory 256 KB of which 8KB used by bootloader
SRAM 8 KB
EEPROM 4 KB
Clock speed 16 MHz
Length 101.52 mm
Width 53.3 mm
Weight 37 g
Figure 5: Arduino Mega Board
3.4.3 LCD
It is a screen (Liquid Crystal Display) which we are going to use for the display of our
prototype. The 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in many
circuits. It is preferred over seven segment and other multi LEDs because LCD is economical,
easily programmable, have no limitation of character display, animation and other features. 16x2
means it can display 16 characters per line and there are two such lines. [10]
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It has two registers, namely the command and the data registers. They store commands which
instruct the LCD to do pre-defined tasks like clearing the screen, and stores the data to be
displayed on the LCD respectively. [10]
Figure 6: LCD pin diagram [10]

Table 2: LCD pin description
Pin No Function Name
1 Ground (0v) Ground
2 Supply voltage: 5v(4.7-5.3v) Vcc
3 Contrast adjustment; through variable resistor VEE
4 Select command register when low; and data register when high Register select
5 Low to write to the register; High to read from the register Read/Write
6 Sends data to data pins when a high to low pulse is given Enable
7 DB0
8 DB1
9 DB2
10 8-bit data pins DB3
11 DB4
12 DB5
13 DB6
14 DB7
15 Backlight VCC (5v) Led+
16 Backlight Ground (0v) Led-
3.4.4 SIM900A GSM Module

It is a module which is made to interface a GSM SIM card to the micro controller, here
with Arduino mega. It is known as dual band GSM/GPRS module because it can support
900MHz and 1800MHz frequency bands. We select this because Ethiopian telecommunication
service provider gives the GSM service with a frequency of 900MHz frequency band. It can
communicate with controllers via AT commands. This module supports software power on and
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reset. It has a very low power consumption (1.5mA) with operating temperature of -40 0C to
+800C.
UART means Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter which is a hardware device for

asynchronous serial communication in which the data format and transmission speeds are
configurable. They are commonly used in conjugation with communication standards and
usually appears as individual or part of the IC used for serial communications over a computer or
peripheral device serial port. [11]
Figure7: SIM900A GSM/GPRS Module & its internal structure [11]

Table 3: GSM Pin description
Interface Pin Description

Rst 1 Reset the SIM900 module
P 2 Power switch pin of SIM900 module
Tx 3 UART data output
Rx 4 UART data in
DT 5 Debug UART data output
DR 6 Debug UART data input
- 7 GND
+ 8 VCC
We can power this module by pulling down the PWR button or the P pin of the control
interface for at least 1 second and release. This pin is already pulled up to 3v in the module
internal, so external pull up is not necessary. After this, the module will send URC to indicate
that the module is ready to operate at fixed baud rate.
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Table 4: Electrical characteristics
Parameter Min. Typical Max. Unit

Power voltage (V supply) 4.5 5.5 VDC
Input voltage VH 0.7 VCC 5.5 V
Input voltage VL -0.3 0 0.3VCC V
Current Consumption (Pulse) - 2000 mA
Current Consumption (continuous) 500 mA
Baud rate 115200 Bps
3.4.5 DC motor
A dc motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machine that converts direct electric
energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces produced by
magnetic fields. On the project the DC motor is used to represent the engine of the vehicle. The
vehicle engine converts gas into motion. The process of converting gasoline into motion is called
internal combustion. Internal combustion engine uses small controlled explosions to generate the
power needed to move the car all the places it needs to go.
Figure 8:DC Motor

3.4.6 Switch
Switch is an electrical device that allows or deny the flow of current through a conductor.
It allows flow of current when it’s closed and vice versa when it’s opened. On our project we
have used switch to represent ignition key that has the same task in controlling the flow of
current coming from the vehicle’s battery to the ignition system. In general it starts and shuts
down engine.
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CHAPTER FOUR
SIMULATION & IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 Simulation
The simulation software we have used is Proteus professional 8. 6. Proteus capture is a
long established product and combines ease of use with powerful editing tools. It is capable of
supporting schematic capture for both simulation and PCB design. The Proteus schematic
capture module also provides a very high degree of control over the drawing appearance, in
terms of line widths, fill styles, fonts, etc. These capabilities are used to the full in providing the
graphics necessary for circuit animation. This software is very useful and user friendly. But it alone
can’t support wireless communication. Thus, we have used additional software like free virtual
serial port. With the exclusive feature of the Proteus simulation software, it helps in easy
development of both the system hardware and software. The Proteus design enables us to
progress in our project more rapid, giving us the ability to make hardware or software changes
which reduces hardware and software troubleshooting problems.
The project was built and tested in Proteus just by using the software prototype
components using the physical hardware prototype. Therefore using Proteus software, the
keypad circuit, dc motor, motor driver, LED’s, LCD display and serial communication were all
developed and tested
In the simulation design the GSM SIM card has not any function. Although there is a
symbol for the SIM card, its library is found un-functional and it doesn’t support a serial
communication. Thus, we had put a virtual terminal (named COMPIM) in place of the GSM
SIM900 module that facilitates the wireless communication. The Arduino is programmed with
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its programming language (it is C/C++ based programming language) and loaded to it. It will
command the Virtual COM and LCD according to its program.
Keypad aren’t found in this simulation software, so we can add another library. Also the
Arduino library is included in the software since proteus don’t have a microcontroller.
The COMPIM is a component found in Proteus software which enables a serial

communication. It supports the communication only between two files. In order to do this
communication, it requires a driver to be installed in the computer. The virtual serial port
emulator software will install these drivers temporarily. Pair virtual terminals will be created at a
time that is why it supports only two party communication.
XXVI
Figure 9: Detection mechanism using GSM
Figure 10: Vehicle theft detection using keypad and switch

The figure 11and 12 below shows the system initiating when someone enters the vehicle.
It starts by welcoming the owner and then requests for a password to switch off the theft mode.
Figure 11: system initiating
XXVII
Figure 12: requesting password to switch off theft mode

Then if the owner is the one who entered the vehicle he will submit password to switch
off the theft mode. Hence, if he entered the correct password the LCD will display “correct” and
the system will switch of the theft mode. In such a case the vehicle is will be manageable to
drive.
Fig 13: correct password entered and theft mode off
XXVIII
But if the owner doesn’t submit the correct password he will be asked to try again.
Figure 14: response when incorrect password entered and theft mode still ON
In fig 15and 16 it shows that the thief trying to start the engine while the theft mode is still
ON. At this stage, the engine will run for about 6 seconds till the microcontroller (Arduino mega)
notices that there is theft going on the vehicle. By the time the microcontroller detects theft
action it will display “unauthorized attempt” and initiates self-freeze system to shut down the
engine before the thief moves further. As mentioned in the previous chapter the vehicle will be
only possible to drive while theft mode is OFF. But, when the microcontroller finds out engine
start up while theft mode is still ON, it will detect that it’s theft and will take the necessary
measures to stop it.
XXIX
Figure 15: forced ignition or duplicate key used
Figure 16: initiating self-freeze.

Finally after the engine is shut down by the self-freeze system employed then SMS
notification will be sent for the owner to report what is going to the vehicle. In case, the thief
tries to start the engine again using forced ignition, the engine won’t start since self-freeze
system has deployed.
XXX
Figure 17: Sending SMS to owner
Figure 18: mobile phone notification display
4.2 Practical Design

We have tried to do the hardware implementation from the beginning and we have put a
lot of effort to make it true, but the amount of money required for purchasing the components is
a lot higher than we can get and it was tiresome to find the GSM component and to register the
SIM network because the information network security agency not allowed to use this device
without the permission granted by the institution. The figure below shows the practical design
XXXI
layout presented on the proteus simulation software. For the prototype, we have given a power
supply through the Arduino from PC and make pin connections as given in the program.
Figure 19: practical design of the project
XXXII
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
5.1 Conclusion
Our project has been done with successful result. Since the main motive behind is to
detect and make vehicle theft almost impossible which will save owner’s property that worth in
thousands. In addition to that, since, the project discourages vehicle theft it will also decrease
associated crimes that are committed using stolen cars.
The simulation indicates that the theft detection mechanisms are capable of signaling the
Arduino pins which in turn commands the GSM (replaced by COMPIM for the sake of complete
simulation) to send the notification to the owner. The average delay till the self-freeze system
initiated is not that much significant. It won’t even let the thief to drive the car any further from
where it was originally stopped.
In general, we can say that, we have gathered knowledge about Arduino programming,
Proteus circuit designing and working principle of different equipment like keypad, GSM
Module, dc motor and ignition key. Some theoretical concepts are also developed.
In our prototype implementation, we have shown that the system works properly as
suggested in the design except for the GSM module sometimes fails to send SMS notification
due to network problem associated with Ethio-telecom. Thus, this project has finally been
completed with successful and fruitful results.
5.2 Future Scope

We have a plan to make this car security system more effective, that’s why we will
implement more features in this system. Some of our future plans are given below. We are now
planning to integrate a small digital camera inside the vehicle and interface it to the security
system. The camera would be enabled and powered up, starting to obtain a video signal from the
environment hopefully with the thief present in the frustum.
Accomplishing tasks needs time and resource which gives smart and persuasive output.
But the time for the project and sources of information is scarce due to lack of access. Finally we
would like to implement this project in the real life using real car to make theft impossible in the
future.
XXXIII
Reference
[1]”Design of A GSM Cell-Phone Based Vehicle Monitoring& Theft Security System” Muhammad
Ali mazidi, Janice gillispie mazidi, Kenneth Jayla, Ramesh s.gaonkar, D.V.Prasad, Lawrence Harte
(Thesis)
[2] “Design of SMS-Enabled Car Security System” K.A. Amusa, O.O.Muga,

A.A.AdetomiNOVEMBER2012 (Journal)
[3] “Car Security Control System via SMS “Muhammad Fazly Bin Jamal MAY2008 (Thesis)
[4]” Intelligent Anti-Theft Car Security System based on Arduino and GSM Network” Najmadin
Wahid Boskany1 and Ranjdar M. Abdullah June 2016(Journal)
[5] Johnson, Larry. “Battery tutorial”
[6] Horst bauer(ed)., Automotive handbook 4th edition, Robert Bosch GmBH, 1996]
[7] The bosch book of the motor car, its evolution and engineering development
Websites:
[8] http://arduino.cc/en sited on May 24/2017
[9] www.circuitdigest.com sited on May 25/2017
[10] www.engineersgarage.com/LCD sited on May 25/2017
[11] www.worldtimezone.com/gsm sited on May 24/2017
[12] edia.org/wiki/contact breaker
[13] Cadillac history/ Kanter car tales
[14] http://store.arduino.cc/usa/arduino mega-2560-rev3
XXXIV
Appendices
#include <Password.h>
#include <Keypad.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27);
volatile int firstnumber=99; // used to tell how many numbers were entered on keypad
volatile int secondnumber=99;
volatile int thirdnumber=99;
volatile int forthnumber=99;
const int buttonpin = 49;
//const int ledpin = 39;
int motorpin1 = 36;
int motorpin2 = 37;
int buttonstate = 0;
int keyfullnumber;
int mypassward=1370;
int theftmodepin = 39;
const byte rows=4;
const byte cols=3;
char Key[rows][cols]={
{'1','2','3'},
{'4','5','6'},
{'7','8','9'},
{'*','0','#'}
XXXV
};
byte rowPins[rows]={31,32,33,34};
byte colPins[cols]={30,29,28};
Keypad keypad =Keypad (makeKeymap(Key),rowPins,colPins,rows,cols);
long Number;
char key,action;
byte x;
boolean result= false;
// Password mypassward = Password( "1234" );
// int Pozisyon=0 ;
char keypressed = keypad.getKey();
void setup() {
// set up the LCD's number of columns and rows:
// keypad.addEventListener(keypadEvent); //add an event listener for this keypad
pinMode(36,OUTPUT);
pinMode(37,OUTPUT);
pinMode(39,OUTPUT);
pinMode(buttonpin,INPUT);
lcd.begin(16, 2);
// Print a message to the LCD.
lcd.print("WELCOME");
delay(2000);
XXXVI
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("mr. YOSEF!");
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("enter key");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
digitalWrite(39,HIGH);
delay(500);
void loop() {
detecttheft();
char keypressed = keypad.getKey(); // Get value of keypad button if pressed
if (keypressed != NO_KEY){ // If keypad button pressed check which key it was
switch (keypressed) {
case '1':
checknumber(1);
XXXVII
break;
case '2':
checknumber(2);
break;
case '3':
checknumber(3);
break;
case '4':
checknumber(4);
break;
case '5':
checknumber(5);
break;
case '6':
checknumber(6);
break;
case '7':
checknumber(7);
XXXVIII
break;
case '8':
checknumber(8);
break;
case '9':
checknumber(9);
break;
case '0':
checknumber(0);
break;
case '*':
checkpassward();
break;
case '#':
restart();
break;
XXXIX
void checknumber(int x){
if (firstnumber == 99) { // Check if this is the first number entered
firstnumber=x;
String displayvalue = String(firstnumber); // Transform int to a string for display
lcd.print(displayvalue);
} else if (secondnumber == 99) { // Check if it's the second number entered
secondnumber=x;
String displayvalue = (String(secondnumber));
} else if (thirdnumber == 99){ // It must be the 3rd number entered
thirdnumber=x;
String displayvalue = (String(thirdnumber));
else { // Check if it's the second number entered
forthnumber=x;
String displayvalue = (String(forthnumber));
XL
void checkpassward(){
if (forthnumber == 99 && thirdnumber == 99 && secondnumber == 99 && firstnumber != 99) {
keyfullnumber=firstnumber;
if (forthnumber == 99 && thirdnumber == 99 && secondnumber != 99) {
keyfullnumber=(firstnumber*10)+secondnumber;
if (thirdnumber != 99 && forthnumber == 99) {
keyfullnumber=(firstnumber*100)+(secondnumber*10)+thirdnumber;
if (forthnumber != 99) {
keyfullnumber=(firstnumber*1000)+(secondnumber*100)+(thirdnumber*10)+forthnumber;
if(keyfullnumber == mypassward){
lcd.print(" CORRECT");
//digitalWrite(36,HIGH);
//digitalWrite(37,LOW);
digitalWrite(39,LOW);
motorstarter();
XLI
else{
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("INCORRECT PASS");
delay(1000);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("TRY AGAIN");
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("PRESS # TO");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("RESTART");
//lcd.print("INCORRECT PASS PLEASE TRY AGAIN");
//delay(1000);
//lcd.setCursor(0,1);
//lcd.print("PRESS #");
void motorstarter(){
XLII
retry:
delay(3000);
buttonstate = digitalRead(buttonpin);
if (buttonstate == HIGH){
digitalWrite(motorpin1,HIGH);
//digitalWrite(motorpin1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(motorpin2,LOW);
delay (5000);
goto retry;
}else {
motorstop();
void motorstop(){
if(buttonstate == LOW) {
//digitalWrite(motorpin1,HIGH);
delay (2000);
restart();
void detecttheft(){
XLIII
buttonstate = digitalRead(buttonpin);
if (buttonstate == HIGH){
digitalWrite(motorpin1,HIGH);
delay (2000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("UNAUTHORIZED");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("ATTEMPT");
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("SELF FREEZE");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("SYSTEM INITIATED");
delay(2000);
XLIV
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("sending SMS");
delay(2000);
freeze();
}}
void freeze(){
while(keypressed!= '#'){
delay(2000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("SELF FREEZE");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("SYSTEM INITIATED");
delay(2000);
lcd.clear();
XLV
lcd.print("sending SMS");
delay(2000);
}}
void restart(){
firstnumber = 99;
secondnumber = 99;
thirdnumber = 99;
forthnumber = 99;
setup();
Code used for sending SMS using GSM
GSM gsmAccess;
GSM_SMS sms;
void setup()
// initialize serial communications and wait for port to open:
Serial.begin(9600);
while (!Serial) {
; // wait for serial port to connect. Needed for Leonardo only
XLVI
Serial.println("unauthorized ");
// connection state
boolean notConnected = true;
// Start GSM shield
// If your SIM has PIN, pass it as a parameter of begin() in quotes
while (notConnected)
if (gsmAccess.begin(PINNUMBER) == GSM_READY)
notConnected = false;
else
Serial.println("Not connected");
delay(1000);
Serial.println("GSM initialized");
void loop()
XLVII
Serial.print("Enter a mobile number: ");
char remoteNum[20]; // telephone number to send sms
readSerial(remoteNum);
Serial.println(remoteNum);
// sms text
Serial.print("Now, enter SMS content: ");
char txtMsg[200];
readSerial(txtMsg);
Serial.println("SENDING");
Serial.println();
Serial.println("Message:");
Serial.println(txtMsg);
// send the message
sms.beginSMS(remoteNum);
sms.print(txtMsg);
sms.endSMS();
Serial.println("\nCOMPLETE!\n");
/*
Read input serial
XLVIII
*/
int readSerial(char result[])
int i = 0;
while (1)
while (Serial.available() > 0)
char inChar = Serial.read();
if (inChar == '\n')
result[i] = '\0';
Serial.flush();
return 0;
if (inChar != '\r')
result[i] = inChar;
i++;
XLIX

Vehicle Theft Detection Aided With GSM Technology

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Vehicle Theft Detection Aided With GSM Technology

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ADDIS ABABA SCIENCE

College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering

BSc Final Project

Advisor: DR. Sudhir K. Routray

1. Rediet Fekadu ----------------

3.4.1 Keypad ..............................................................................................................................................

SRAM……………………………..Static Random Access Memory

GSM technology is employed to make vehicle theft notification. Global System of

1.2 Statement of the problem

Most of this vehicle theft actions are committed at:

And, we the students of AASTU as electronic communication engineering students, we have

1.3.2 Specific objectives: Specifically, the project aims to:

 Understand the communication through GSM

 Enabling to program a microcontroller

ii. Design specifications: listing the required performance of the system

v. Simulation: simulating the designed circuit

We have covered theoretical analyses of the principles, operating mechanisms, and

1.6 Significance of the project

1.7 Outline of the paper

2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW

DESIGN and ANALYSIS

Key MICROCONTROLLER ENGINE

AASTU ECE BSc FINAL PROJECT

Figure 1: General block diagram

3.2 Working Principles

Please enter password

Start engine Start engine

Send SMS to owner

Figure 2: flow chart of the system

Figure 3: Ignition System

3.4 Design Specifications

Table 1: Arduino Mega

Figure 5: Arduino Mega Board

Figure 6: LCD pin diagram [10]

3.4.4 SIM900A GSM Module

UART means Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter which is a hardware device for

Figure7: SIM900A GSM/GPRS Module & its internal structure [11]

Interface Pin Description

Table 4: Electrical characteristics

Parameter Min. Typical Max. Unit

Figure 8:DC Motor

The COMPIM is a component found in Proteus software which enables a serial

Figure 9: Detection mechanism using GSM

Figure 10: Vehicle theft detection using keypad and switch

Figure 11: system initiating

Figure 12: requesting password to switch off theft mode

Fig 13: correct password entered and theft mode off

Figure 15: forced ignition or duplicate key used

Figure 16: initiating self-freeze.

Figure 17: Sending SMS to owner

Figure 18: mobile phone notification display

4.2 Practical Design

Figure 19: practical design of the project

5.2 Future Scope

[2] “Design of SMS-Enabled Car Security System” K.A. Amusa, O.O.Muga,

[5] Johnson, Larry. “Battery tutorial”

[9] www.circuitdigest.com sited on May 25/2017

[10] www.engineersgarage.com/LCD sited on May 25/2017

[11] www.worldtimezone.com/gsm sited on May 24/2017

[12] edia.org/wiki/contact breaker

[13] Cadillac history/ Kanter car tales

[14] http://store.arduino.cc/usa/arduino mega-2560-rev3

LiquidCrystal lcd(22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27);