fens mechanical: HVAC.and REFRIGERATION sample questions + solutionsCopy ©2011 by NCEES® Al rights reserved [AINGEES same questons and saison are copngrted uncer he lave ofthe Une States. No part ot hs pubbeabon ‘may be reroducod, sores a etieval sytem. or Fansmied any form or by any meane wincud the pr ween Dormission of NCEES. Requoss fox permscions shod be acresced in writng io permiscone@cees 8 CEES PO Box 1696 ‘omen, SC 29699, 00.250: vw nes 9 I58N ove-co261267-5 Noverter 2010 Fret pring ‘er 2013 Second pangCONTENTS Introduction to NCEES Exams ‘About NCEES Updates on exam content and procedures Exam-day schedule ‘Admission to the exam site Candidate Agreement Scoring and reporting Exam Specifications. ‘Sample Questions and Solutions Morning Sample Questions. ‘Afternoon Sample Questions. ‘Morning Solutions. ‘Afternoon Solutions... Psychrometric Chart.NCES Principles and Practice of Engineering Examination MECHANICAL BREADTH and HVAC and REFRIGERATION Depth Exam Specifications Effective Beginning with the October 2008 Examinations ‘+ The mechanical engineering examination isa breadth and depth examination, This means that examinees \work the breadth (AM) exam and one ofthe tree depth (PM) exams. The AM questions are the same for all Mechanical PM modules: that is, regardless ofthe PM module an examinee chooses, the AM questions ‘ill be the sme in each exam, 1+ The three areas covered in the mechanical engineering examination are HVAC and Reftigeratin; Mechanical Systems and Materials; and Thermal and Fluids Systems. The breadth exam eontains questions from these thee areas of mechanical engineering. The dept exams focus more closely ona single area of prtice in mechanical engineering + Examines work all questions inthe moming session and all questions inthe aftemoon module they have chosen, Dept results are combined with bresdth results for final score. + The exam isan 8-hour open-book exam. It contains 40 multsle-choice questions inthe 4-hour AM session, and 40 multiple-choice questions in the hour PM session. + Questions in Sections ITV of the breadth module wll bein ether USCS or SI units. Questions in Section \Vof the breadth module wil be in USCS units. Questions inthe depth module will be in USCS unit. + The exam is developed with questions that will require @ variety of approaches and methodologies including design, analysis, and application. Some questions may require knowledge of engineering + The knowledge areas specified as examples of kinds of knowledge are not exclusive or exhaustive categories, + The specifications forthe AM exam and the HVAC snd Refigeration PM exam are included here.MECHANICAL BREADTH Exam Specifications Basic Engineering Practice |A._ Basic Engineering Practice Engineering terms and symbols Economic analysis Project management Interpretation of technical drawings Electrical concepts Units and conversions ‘Mechanical Systems and Materials, A. Principles 1. States and dynamics 2. Strength of materials 3. Stress analysis 4 Fatigue theory B. Applications 1. Mechenical components (e. springs gears, pressure vessels) 2) Joints and fasteners (eg, welding. bots, adhesives) 3. Vibration dynamic analysis 4. Materials selection (e.g. corrosion, weight strength) Hydraulics and Fluids A. Principles 1. Compressible flow 2. Incompressible low B. Applications 1 Feiydraulic and fuid equipment (e.g, pumps, turbines, compressors) 2. Piping systems and components Energy/Power Systems A. Principles “Thermodynamic eyeles ‘Thermodynamic properties Energy balances Mass balances Heat transfer ‘Combustion B. Applications 1. Power conversion systems 2. Bnergy/power equipment (eg, turbines, boilers, engines) 3, Heat exchangers HVACIRefrigeration A. Principles 1. Psychrometrics 2. Refrigeration eyeles 3. Heat transfer 1B. Applications 1. HVACKefrgeraton systems 2) HVACieffigeration components (e.,air handles, compressors) 3, Heating/cooling loads Approximate Percentage ‘ot ANE Exar 30% 30% 20% 13% 7% 17% 18% % 18% %MECHANICAL-HVAC and REFRIGERATION Depth Exam Specifications Approximate Percentage: ‘ot Pu Exar Principles 55% A. Thermodynamies Tm 1. Cycles 2. Properties 3. Compression processes B, Psychrometries 13% 1 Heating/cooling cycles 2. Humidification/dchumidification 53. Heating/cooting loads ©. Heat Transfer B% D. Fluid Mechanics ™ Compressible Flow % F, Energy Balances 10% Applications 45% ‘A. Equipment and Components 20% 1.” Cooling towers and fluid coolers (¢., configurations, conditions, flow rates) 2. Boilers and fumaces (eg, configurations, efficiencies, fel types) 3. Condensers (eg. configurations, conditions, low rates) 4 Pumps/compressors/fans (e2., laws efficiency, selection) 5. Evaporstors/chiles (¢.. configurations, conditions, low rates) 6. Cooling/heating cols (eg, configurations, conditions, flow rates) 1. Control systems components (eg, valves, dampers) 8. Refrigerants (eg. properties types) 9. Refrigeration components (eg, expansion valves, accurmultors) B. Systems 18% Air distribution e.g, duct design, system typ, terminal devices) 2. Fid distribution (eg. hydronic, ol andor gas distribution design, system type, steam distribution) 3. Refrigeration (fod storage, cooling and freezing) 4 Energy recovery (eg. enthalpy wheels, heat pipes run-around systems) ©. Suponive Knows ™% Codes and standards (e.2., ASHRAE, NFPA) Air quality and ventilation (eg. filtration, dilution) Vibration contol (eg, transmission effect, isolation) Acoustics (eg. sound control, absorption, attenuators, noise level criteria) Economie analysis Electrical concepts (eg, power consumption, motor ratings, heat output, amperage)MECHANICAL, MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS101. Poisson's « ® © Cy MECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS term that arises in: heat transfer HVAC ‘mechanical behavior vapor power cycles 102, Which ofthe following is used as a measure of energy efficiency of refrigeration systems? Cy ® © w) cop Hydraulic head Latent heat SHK 103. A system with an initial cost of $90,000 has an operating cost of $2.50/hr and is operated IGhuiday for 300 daysiyear. After 10 years, the system has a salvage value of $10,000. “Assuming the interest rate is constant at 10%, the total annualized cost over the 10-year life is most nearly: ($12,000 ®) $14,000 (© _ $20,000 (D) $26,000 104. You manege « manufacturing produetion department that operates £0 hr/week. The process has production rate of 60 units, with a scrap rate of 1 out of 120 units. With a 10% lot production time ellowance, the numberof good units that can be made per week is most nearly: “ @ © o 4286 4320 4.760 4,300 Ccapyight 2011 by NCEES, 10 (G0.0N TO THE NEXT PAGEMECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS. 105. A project consists of assembling a system using pars from Source X and Source Y. Duration Task Description Fettows Task | Pra ‘A [Procure pars from Source X None 2 B__ | Procure part from Source Y A 2 C | Delivery of parts from Source X B 7 1D | Delivery of parts from Source ¥ A nu E__| Assemble parts and complete project_| Cand D 2 If the manufacturing of parts from Source X is delayed by 3 days, now requiring 10 days to ‘obtain those parts the total completion delay (days) will be most nearly “@ B) © ) 106. A commercial product is sold in $5-gal drums. It is made up primarily of inert ingredients, to ‘which an active ingredient is added. The active ingredient can be purchased in two different formulations at shown, ‘Active Ingredient Formulation | Costa | Ave meres T 38 100 2 s10 200 ‘The amount of Formulation | used per drum cannot exceed 3 Ib, and the amount of Formulation 2 vied per drum cannot excced 2 Ib. The total cost for the active ingredient cannot exceed '$36/drum. The largest number of units of active ingredient that can be added per drum under ‘these constraets is most nearly: (a) 400 @) 540 © 600 @) 700 ‘Copyright 2014 by NEES n ‘S0.0N TO THE NEXT PAGEMECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS 107, A machining operation creates a hole for a 3/8-16NC ¥ 0,75-in-long countersunk hex head screw as shown in Figure f, A cutter is used to create the countersunk recess as shovin in Figure 2 ‘The process steps areas follows: 1. Drill through with tp drill diameter of 5/16 in 2. Countersink the tap drill hole to a depth of Dimension A, so thatthe screw head will be flush withthe part surface, 3. Tap the hole 3/8-16NC. ‘To complete Step 2, the necessary depth (in) for Dimension A is most nearly: (A) 0.202 (®) 0232 (©) 0234 <> (>) 0.269 cr | comrensnec Lh esse LW see iil SK hint FIGURE | conan EE 2 00h Tor Next PACEMECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS 108. The minimum distance between the surfaces of Holes A and B is most nearly “ @ © oy 109, Given the de electrical “ «®) 026 030 ot 050 Vy +V2=IR,+ IR; 1 Rik, Ry Equivalent resistance forthe loop, Re= Ry + Rp + Rs uit shown, which ofthe following statements is true? Row —w— | R R 110. A 230-Vrns, single-phase, 10-hp motor operates at 80% power factor and its rated load. Ifthe efficiency of the motor is 65%, the current (amperes) drawn is most nearly: w @) © o 2 7 40 oe Copyright 2014 by NEES. B G0 ON To THE NeXT PAGE1. 12. 113. MECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS: ‘Water flows over Niagara Falls at an average rate of 4,000,000 cfin and drops 170 ft to the base ofthe falls. The rate of change of gravitational potential energy (MW) is most nearly: 400 700 © 1,000 (D) 57,000 Fracture toughness of a material is measured in units of ksivin. in the English system of units. A ‘material with @ fracture toughness of 35ksivin, will have a fracture toughness in units of “MPaym that is most nearly: wit ® 6 © 2 ) 38 ‘A l/2+in.iameter pipe hanger rod is loaded in tension with a 2,300-Ib fore. Ifthe rod is 6 i. is made of Material A, the total elongation (in. it will experience is most neerly (A) 0.0008 (B) 0.002 (©) 0.005 () 001 ‘ora|ace aos oot Dore 008 OToySIKAME ons (ia MATERIAL A, ‘Copyright 2011 by NCEES “4 60 ON TO THE NEXT PAGE:MECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS. 114, A extndicl pressure vessel with hemispherical nd caps is unrestrained The diameter is 1m, the wall thickness 1 em, andthe intemal gage pressure i 3 MPa. If the tensile ie strenath Syr is 450 MPa an the von Mises failure criterion is used then the factor of safety (Srnec isos neal: w 1s (8) 17 © 30 @) 35 41S. A cord is wrapped halfway around a 2-in-O.D. pipe as shown. The coefficient of fiction (dynamic and static) between the cord and pipe is = 0.35. A box with a weight of 50 Ib is suspended from ne end of the cord and a force P applied tothe other end. The minimum force, P (Ib), required to raise the 50-Ib box is most nearly: 167 (8) 500 © 850 (D) 1500 4116. A tinear spring-mass system consisting of a spring with a spring constant of 20 Ibffin, and a ‘mass of 10 Ibm undergoes fiee vibration. The linear frequency (eycles/sec) of this vitration is mast nearly’ (a) 078 @ 13 © 44 ©) 28 ‘Copyright 2011 by NCEES Is GOON TO THE NEXT PAGEMECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS 117, Material compatibility concems require that a ste spring made Fm wire witha shear modulus ‘of 11 x 10" psi be redesigned. Brass with a shear modulus of 5.5 x 106 psi will be used instead. ‘The steel wire has a diameter of 0.15 in. The soring diameter and the number of turns must be the same for the steel and brass springs. Ifthe spring constant of the brass spring isto be the same a tha ofthe steel spring the diameter (in) of the brass wire must be most nearly: (012 (B) 01s © 018 (D) 030 118. A metal Is needed consisting of nearly equal sinounts of peaslte and ferrite when cooled at a slow rate from 1,800°F to room temperature. The metal that best meets this need is: (A) Class 40 grey cast iron (B) Alsi304 (© alsi i040 () Alsi 1095, IRON-CARBON PHASE OGRA 2068 TEMPERATUREF ato om 20 PERCENT CARBON BY WEIGHT J+ steel —-J--casrinon © ‘copyright 2011 by NCEES. 16 (60 ON TO THE NEXT PAGEMECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS 119. Which ofthe following factors is least likely to affect the fatigue lite of steel spring? ay @ © (oy Alternating stresses (Cycle period Primary stresses Surface roughness 120. The 2.500-1bf load shown in the figure is supported by a beam that is secured by six 3/4-in~ diameter bolts in s hexagonal array with neighboring bolts 3 in. apart. The shear stress is greatest in which bolt? ao ®) 2 © 3 @ 4 Copyright 2644 by NOEES 0 60. ONTO THE NEXT PAGEMECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS 121. The Mach number just upstream ofa normal shock wave in at (k= 14 is 4. The Mach number downstream ofthe normal shock wave is most nearly: (a) 042. (B) 1.00 © 200 ©) 450 122. The figure below shows water that flows in from two pipes and exits from another pipe. The velocity of flow (fp) in the 12-i-I D_pipe is most neatly 19 (B) 24 © 31 (D) Cannot be determined from information given 123. A fluid with a specific gravity of 0.8 and a kinematic viscosity of 1.5 centistokes (1 centistoke = 110764 10° fe¥sec) flows through a 4-in-L. hose at $ fps. The Reynolds number for this flow is most nearly: 12108 (B) 1.0x108 (©) 1010 ©) 83x10" “Copia 2011 by NCEES 8 (G0 ON TO THE NEXT PAGEMECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS 124, A centrifugal pump operating at 1.750 rpm consumes 1,000 bp. If the speed of the pump is ‘reduced to 1,000 rpm, the power consuespion (kW) will be most nearly a) 26 B23 © 187 ) 139 125. A centrifugal pump is sized to deliver 200 gpm of water at 60°F against a head of 60 fof water. Itis operating at 1,75) rpm. The pump efficiency is 0.75, and the motor efficiency is 0.83. Ifthe electricity cost is $0.06/kWh, the electrical cost to operate the pump 8,000 hr/yes most nearly: (A) $984 (B) $1,086 (©) $1200 126, Water at 60°F flows through a I-in brass pipe (1.063 in. LD.) at fps. The Moody fiction factor js 0.025. The pressure drop (psi) over a 100-f length ofthis pipe is most nearly: (a) 040 ® 48 © B ©) 150 Copyright 2011 by NCEES is (20 ON TO THE NEXT PAGEMECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS 127. Twenty gpm of 60°F water enters the parallel piping system shown in the figure. Branch 4 qirsists of Sch. 40 1-in steel pipe with an equivalent length of 80 f. Branch B consists of 100 f cP Sch. 40 I-in, steel pipe, four 90° elbows with equivalent lengths of 5.2 ft each, and a globe “Valve with an equivalent length of 29 The flow rate (gpm) through Branch B is most nesrly ‘ail i ez. amncrs [Be re =O=A srson cornet BAEQUN —LENGTH(TMP) ‘ener (A) 7 ® 3 sean sa Se ee one calito tenctH 128. A Camot cycle operates between 400°F and 250°F. The maximum theoretical efficiency of the cyele is most neatly: a) 047. ®) 021 © 038 @) 060 ns. verter an atgmmanons mms ence | woe omnes ects et a a nite eat cities | etsy w on ® on 03 be (60 ON TO THENEXT PAGE CConyight 2011 by NCEESMECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS. 130, The expression forthe sensitivity ofa pressure thermometer (change in pressure per unit change in temperature ofan idesl gas) is: v ay x w ®) © ak @ > 4134. Consider te following stoichiometric reaction: Collis + 13.5 0; + 50.76 Nz > 9.CO2 +9 20 + 50.76 Na “The mass fraction of water in the fue gas is most nearly: 1) 58% @ 8% | ©) 107% ©) 131% 132. Steam (600°F, 300 psia) is expanded in an 80% adiabatic efficiency turbine to 3 psia. The enthalpy (Bru/lbm) ofthe resulting 3-psia steam is most nearly «) e (B) 970 © 100 ) 1 Copyright 044 by NCEES. a (60 ON TO THE NEXT PASE.MECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS: 133. The cooling medium in a countesflow heat exchanger increases in temperature from 60°F to 10°F, while the process solution being cooled decreases from 150°F to 130°F. The logarithmic sncan temperature difference (LMTD) for this counterlow heat exchanger is most nearly: (a 33F (B) 47°F ( 4F (0) 70°F 134. Raed on the psychrometrie chart provided on page 83, sea level ar at a dry-bulb temperature of 95°F and 25% rh has a dew point of most nesly () 38°F @) 54F ©) OF (D) 82°F 135. The partial pressure (psi) of water in sea level ar at $0°F and 60% rh is most nearly: (A) 0.0135 (B) 030 © 035 ) 050 | 136, An automotive si-conditioning system based on R-134a operates between 250 psia and 40 psia. ‘A pressure-enthalpy diagram for R-134a is presented on the opposite page. If 250-psia saturated, iquid R-134a is throtled to 40 psa, the change [Btu/(Ibm-°R)] in entropy (Sem ~ Sorin.) wll bbe most nearly: (a ~007 001 © oat @) os ‘Copyright 2041 by NCES 2 1@9 ON TO THE NEXT FACEMECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS. 136, (Continued) 2016 2005 ASHRLAE Handbook Fundamentals ENTHALPY, Btu Fitter tay Dogri or Retin el * ggg "see a es =? ‘asd "sunssalid 200 don Pons 1 ei 208. Fp Ai Sse eg, egmatny nd Aronson Sop ewan ‘Copyright 2011 by NCEES. 2B (G0 ON To THE NEXT PAGEMECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS Wve would be used in which le of the reftigeration cycle shown inthe figure? A AB @ BC © cD @) DA ose = ||Sam = Pa HEC-A34a ae is : : : . a aur copyright 2011 by NCES 4 (G0 ON TO THE NEXT PAGE138, 139, 140, MECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS. ‘A room contains equipment that consumes 3,000 W of power. In addition, 5 Ibmihr of water ‘vapor is released into the room. The resulting cooling load (Bruwhr) is most nearly (a) 3.000 ®) 4500 (©) 10,000 () 15.000 AA reftigeration system with a capscity of 1 refigeration ton has a compressor work of 1 kW. ‘The coefficient of performance ofthe system is most nearly @) 03, ® 1 © 35 0D) 2 A countrflow heat exchanger with a surface re of 0 #8 condenses stunted H-134a aporat 250 pia (T= 140%, b= 120 Bub) to strated iui at 250 psi (h= 60 Blom) The inet temperatre of the cooling water is O°, and the cult temperature ofthe cooing Water is 75°F. The overall heat-transfer coefficient for the heat exchanger is 8 Btw(hr-t™-"E). ‘The rete Clon at which the 1a condensed is mos neat 20 40 © 100 () 200 ‘This completes the moming session. Solutions begin on page 53. ‘Copyright 201 by NCES. *HVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS ‘A psychrometric chart (normal temperature at sea level) 1s provided on page 83 for your possible use. Unless stated otherwise, assume sea level conditions.HVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS: 501. An emmonia (R-717) reftigerant brine chiller with a flooded evaporator is shown below. Properties of saturated ammonia are presented on page 29, and a pressure-enthalpy diagrata for ammonia appears on page 30. Assuming no pressure los through components, the coefficient of| performance (COP) of the system shown, with a reftigerant flow rate of 22 lb/min. is most nearly: w 30 @) 32 © 39 ©) 41 — fsuese|__ {brow rt °F BRINE OUT = 1 | f arroanenn —->| EON | —_— Hoey NOTE: Refrigerant entering the compressor is superheated from external sources. 28 Copyright 2014 by NOLES: FLoat VALVE suction 385 pa wire Sore SUPERHEAT [conoeaser ob (7 [separaron’ | loscharse PRESSURE Zeapsia |= oF waren out 05°F WATERIN (00 ON To THE NEXT PACEHVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS 501. (Continued) PROPERTIES OF SATURATED AMMONIA ‘Spee Vase 65) Eethaipy Beng Entropy Bey Prom, | sa sat sa Sat ‘teup. | ity | cigsia | sap, | Vapor ap. | Vapor van | vapor eee ee | ie te |e os Pome | ae aia Tse | Tare SS | 6st [ome | assy | tear ons sor | 14631 fo | $67 fomso | sas | asa ous toss | 14657 as | 295 omer | anssr | ane aos russ | 13308 So | oat Pom | deer | ates sms tee |e Ss | nos Poms | assy | dhe ua rossi | 13120 So | 185 Joos | tes | tesr 07 rst | Laon ey ome | tease | ines sna siz | 138 30 oom | tase | ise 586 tar | Gre as cosa | i256 | wer soo 30te | Get 10 mse | tare | i130 S64 tam | 13s $ ‘nos | toa | ios | ns | sae Hassr | est ‘ cons | 's2 | "otis | oa | sao ta | se. $ tox | as | suo | ies | Seo et 0 rams | tao | ss | Son Hise 18 esi | asa | Ses | Son 1939 2 sass | So | gr | So tie s Soon | Shu | m2 | So 12 o dimoo | fms | oas7 | ste thar s ‘Ses | Ga] m2 Lone wo Soir | Son | tes rons ‘ 3ssas | See | ma ross o Sasue | 330 | Se Toss is 2om2 | Soo | ross 10189 o 2mso | 201 | i092 ars | oa [osm 8 uss | Zoo | ine a2 | 0200 | ose ” aust | 2a | ims oi | o2ssr | osc 1s doves | ios | tas2 | amy | aoa | o300 | cone Fa sus | iss | imo | dey | Gor | o2ne | ben rm | tor | ira | ase | eta | o2est | Osos * tas | rst | iss | dass | cao | o2sse | oases os ster | rss J uea | 432 | gas | o3ee | oans 100 tos | tas | iss2 | ama | eso | Gane | oss Ins tous | isis | tea | ama | asa | ome [ose | tos ho tawr | air | to | ater | a7 [oa [ese | tise hs owe | it J imo | ams | 39 foam | aams | iter 0 one | tear | imo | asso | eo | oases | anest | Lier Bs ast | os | usr | tae | seo | osc | orem | ite "Raped Wy pon ms Nant Daan of Sands CHIE Na WE Tels Tratramis Peper Tm Copyright 2011 by NCES. 29 (00 ONTO THE NexT PAGEHVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS 501. (Continued) ans 2005 ASHRAF Handbook Fundamentals 0 ENTHALPY, Bturb 16: Peore tay Dlg fr Raitt 717 Ammen) L a 4 : \ "g g gea@ @ gaee & eres et i bis “aunssaud Ms (sR Het Fnme enn 9 2034 agat 0 NtnSsty annem ae aac a Cony 201 by NCES x0 20 0n To THENEXT PAGE TT ie LT aiiHVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS ‘502. An ammonia (R-717)refiigerant brine chiller with a loaded evaporator i shou below. Properties of situated ammonia are presented on page 29, and a pressure-enthalpy diagram for ammonia appears ‘on page 30. Assuming no pressure loss through components. the specific volume (fb) ofthe reffigerant athe compressor suction is most nearly: (D) 78 ” FauRGE OL or fea ar eRnc ———|_SRNE C004 eee eo NOTE: Reffigerant entering the compressor is superheated from extemal sourees. > os FWATEROUT [conpenseR, STF WATERIN (recever CCopyight 2011 by NCEES 31 (G0 ON TO THE NEXT PAGE: eee———_— HVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS 503, A refiigeration unit is operating between the temperature linits of 104°F condensing and 10°F 1 serap/120 units « 4320 unit 4,320 36 units = 4,284 units 36 scrap, ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER (a) 105. If Task C is delayed by 3 days, but has 2 days to spare while waiting on Task D, then the total ‘compensation delay wil be I day of delivery time. consecurNEOAS —_TASKANO CURATION Punwec fsa om ¢—* _@—# 4 REWSEDACTUAL | ene OEE EQ) +i) 2 ® Lee, ee) ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (B) 5s106. 107. 108. 109, MECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS Given the maximum cost of $36 per drum, the maximum amount of active ingredient is obtained by using as much as allowed of the cheaper formulation, and then topping off with the more costly formulation. At $10/2 = $5 per 100 units of active ingredient, Formulation 2 is less ‘expensive. The maximum amount of Formulation 2 is 2 Ib, which costs $20 and gives 400 units ‘of active ingredient, This leaves $36 — $20 = $16 to spend on Formulation 1, This will buy 2 Ib, Which contains 2 Ib * 100 units/Ib = 200 units of active ingredient. This zives a total of, 400+ 200 = 600 units, which isthe maximum achievable within the constraints ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS:(C) ta ee Ieee ib | inal eet Defi of outer a of cout ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) |. Determine minimum centerline of holes @ 224-12-20.05) 2. Determine the maximum utside diameter ofholes Day = 0.9 5. Determine minimum distance between surfaces 110.9020 ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (A) According to Marks’ Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, th edition, p. 15-7, "the combined resistance of a number of series-connected resistors is the sum of their separate resistances.” R 1+ Rat Rs ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER I 36MECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS 10, =H Servi fat f= 1.0 fli W)ne) Power, P 10 hp x 0.7457 kW/hp x 1,000 W/kW 7457 W C0745) 69.534 Voltage, V=230V 230y0.65)0.85 Effciensy,n _ =0.68 Power factor. pf = 0.80 ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER (D) 111, Gravitational potential energy for a mass at a height is E= ah The rat of change in that energy B= 8h v= p= (624 lomift?\4,000, 000 f*/ min)(t min/60 sec) = 4,200,000 Ibmlsee p= 6.200.000 niey922RseA170 8) 32.2 Ibm-fU(bF-sec") 1355 IMW. = 707,000,000 -Ibfsec x 1385. W_,. 1MW _ 958 new 7 TA-tbfises “10° Ww 707,000,000 -bTsec ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER I © 112. 1 ksi= 6.8948 MPa Win: =0.15937Vm I ksivfin: = 1.0989 MPa vim 35 ksivin. = 38.46 MPavim ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) 113. Determine the elongation of a 6-in-long, 1/2-in-diameter rod when loaded with 2 2,300-Ibf force. Elongation ofthis rod is a linear function of stress from 0 to 70,0000 psi and equals 0.012 inn. when stess equals 70,000 psi Stress = force/unit area = (2,300 Ibf/[(3.14159}0.25 in « 0.25 in} = 11,700 psi fr the rod as loaded. Unit elongation = (11,700 psi/70,000 psi}0,012 inn, at $ = 70,000 psi) 0.002 inn, For the 6-in.-long rod, the elongation is (6 in.}(0.002 inn.) = 0.012 in, ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) 74, 115, 116. MECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS “The vom Mises faire criterion pradicts failure where « =S,,. where o'= yx? +03 03 for biaxial loading. which isthe case with this thin-walled cylinder 6 isthe hoop stress, and is ‘the longitudinal stress "THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) Determine the minimum force, P required to raise the 50-Ibf weight. For this situation, the ratio: prw = el where: £ = the coefficient of fiction, and © = the angle of wrap ‘Therefore: P = Wel8*219 (50 1bp(e"37#4%) 1501bf ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) is in. (2 in 1 R)(32.2 Vow see) Angi eqn. o= [Ee = [QD tin )2 in 522 eee) _@ _ 278rad/see Linear frequency. Femency.f = 25” Daad/eyele A cycles /see ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C) 58MECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS. wire diameter D = spring diameter N = number of active coils G = shear modulus K = spring constant Ny@Nyi Da=Dyi Ky=Kie fe Fat Ste oh = thy ty" bay BDINy BDL NG e a, =0.15 J AIO 5.5x108 ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C) 0.18% 118. Using an iron-carbon diagram, Option (C) will cool to ferrite and aeatite 200 2088 TEMPPRATURE 140 ae PERCENT CAREON BY Wel fp STEEL —-cas on = Option (B) is incorrect since AISI 304, a stainless steel, contains nimerous alloying components in adtion othe iron and carbon shown on this diagram. The last two digits of the AISI material code indicate the weight percent carbon. "95" would be tothe right of 0.80 and is outside the Peatitelferrite region. "40" is tothe let of 0.80 and is atthe middle ofthe pearlitelferrite region, ‘or about 50% ofeach, Therefore, AISI 1040 meets the requirements of the question. ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C) 39119. 120. 121, MECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS Fatigue life is expressed in number of eycles to failure and does not depend on txe duration of each eyele (the cycle period). Since primary and altemating stresses and surface roughness do affect fatigue life, eyele period is least ikely to affect fatigue lite. ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (B) Draw a free-body diagram, Forces due to load: plas Forces due to torsion: ‘Add vectors: >| [Bolt 4 has additive vectors and the gretest shear stress ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) ‘This problem can be solved by refering to @ normal shock table, on which all normal shock factors depend only on the upstream Mach number (fora given k value). With an wpstream Mac ‘number of 45, the normal shock table gives the downstream Mach numberof 0.4256. ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (A)MECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS 122. Flow in = flow out AIM, + AaVa = A3Vy =2.356 in°/see 12+2,356 298 in see 123, Re=2 Re = —EHS10.33 9) 1 959,198 1.615*10 *A%/see ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C) 124. Using the pump similarity laws, power is directly proportional to the cube of the speed. Pp = PySysy? Pz = 1,000 hp (1,000 rpre/1,750 spmy> = 186hp 139 kW THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (0) 6MECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS 125. =i AHwhereaH=60R th =pQ, where p=62.4 Ibm/f . e (222A 207 rn wan) Tab) (228228 (Sar )oon = (tsoose ap = SMP 4 87 np = 3.63 kW (075\0.83) = ($0.28) § -corwaoiom/( 2-178 ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) L= 100 f= 1,200 in, 32.2 fuses? “r\(S\ 7SIbfin? = 4.75 pst oats ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (B) @MECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS fy? 127. Darey Weisbach equation: hy = £¥* De Leg. p= 100 f+ (4 x 52 A) +29 A= 150eq 8 {mn this configuration, the pressure drop across Branch A is equal to the pressure drop across Branch B, 20gpm=qa + qa 20 gpr 37 48 + 4B ce 37Vy ‘THE CORRECT ANSWERIS: @) Thigh ~Tiow Thien y= (400+ 460) (250 + 460) Males (400-460) 128. na camer in absolute temperature scale, THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (A) 129. rsa" hoe hen) “(R08 13852) 6B (681.64 Bufo = 180.1 BrwTbm+ «(970.4 Brutbm) = x=0.516 ‘THE CORRECT ANSWERIS: (C) 130, From PV = nT, P/T=nR/V ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS:(D) 6131. 132, MECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS Flue gas mass for exch component is number of moles * molecalie we 90, =0x44)= 396 91:0 S0x18)~ 1 S0T6N: = (60.76)28)=1.421 Toul 1979 162 10-12 ary a 1,979 ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (B) At initial conditions of 600°F and 300 psi: hy =1,3145 Brutbm 1.6266 Btu (Ibm-°R) Expansion process is constant entropy ies sles Determine quality of steam at final contin Sf = Sigaia + (Vor 1.6266 = 0.2009 + (x)1.6852 x 0846 Find Hy theoretical enthalpy id + Oger 109.37 + (0.846)0.013.), Maaibcie (3145-19) 6 1, =1,036.1 Beato ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C)MECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS Ane70F aTg2 40°F Alternate Solution: 3 ie |e 4 onl| 2 70884 40!3 2 =53.6°F ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C) 134. Using a psychrometric chart, find the intersection of the 95°F line and the 25% eh ine. Follow the constant humidity ratio line at 0.0088 1b H.O/b sie horizontally to saturation condition ‘here the dew point temperature is 54°F. ‘THE CORRECT ANSWERS: (B) | 65138. 136. 137. 138. MECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS Partial Pressure (p) From steam table, Pser at 80°F = 0.5073 psi 480°, 60% rh) = (0.5073) (0.6) = 0.30 psi say at Temp « % th Alternate Solution: Parial pressure = Par at dew point From psyehrometrie chart at 80°F, 60% rh dew point temperature is 65°F From steam table, Pax = 0.30 psi "THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (B) ‘Throttingis a constant enthalpy process. Using the T-s chart for R-134a, at 250 psi saturated liquid state, read Sit 0.118 Beu/(lbm-"R), Move down line of constant enthalpy to 40 psia ~ entropy, Sina is 0.126 Btu(Ibm"R). ‘Change AS = Sin ~ Sit = 0.126 - 0.118 = 0.008 ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (B) ‘An expansion valve would be used for isenthalpic expansion of high-pressure saturated liquid refrigerant on this, the throttling leg ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C) Heat of vaporization of water = 970 Bewlbm Senha od @,~ 3000 W241 BBE 10230 Brahe Iban/he > 970 Brullbm = 4,850 Beufhe 10,230 Buwhr + 4,850 Brwhr = 15,080 Bewhr ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D)MECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS: 140. Log mean temperature difference LMTD = abn w(t (=) Het transfer Q= UA(LMTD) = [8 Brul(hr-82.°F)](20 (72°F) Q= tah m=2 =__Q = _1LS40 Btwhhr_ Igor Pigaie 120 Bull 60 Bras ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) orHVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SOLUTIONS oAnswers to the HVAC AND REFRIGERATION ‘Afternoon Sample Questions: tld slions for each question begin on the nex poe si | c 521 B 502 p_ | sz c 503 B 223 B soe | 524 A sos [| D | 525 D [506 B | 56 BL 507 B | 927 c sos [A | 528 a_| soo | D | 529 c 510 B | 530 B ‘si c 331 € sz | A | 832 D 513 Dp | ss | A sia B S34 D as | A «| 838 D a6 |B 536 € a7 | ¢ | 337 B sis | A | 538 D siy | A | 539 A 20 c | so | AS01. 502. 503. HVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SOLUTIONS. ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals ope M=hy_ 627.0-161.1 OP hy 7450-6270 where: $y entering compresor 38.5 psi, 20° supeest leaving compressor. 229 psia constant entropy from hy 0 hy trated liquid leaving condenser at 229 psia ‘hy = entering evaporator constant enthalpy hy 0 he 39 ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C) From P-H diagram at 38.5 psia, saturation temperature is 10°F. Actual suction temperature is 10°F + 20°F (spetbest)= 30°F v, = 788m ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) Using char, for Br/Tbm: hat 10°F saturated vapor is 610 Btu/lb, s= 1.32 | hat 104°P and s= 1.32 is 740 Bl sia Work of compression = 740 — 610 = 130 Bulb \/ TIE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (By soa n508. 505. HVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SOLUTIONS Refrigeration loa: Supply air at 58°F db / 56°F wh > v = 13.25 fb (from psychrometric chert or tables) ™000ctn< COME 99555 Air mix entering cooling cil is 25% outside ar and 75% return ait and naar 32.8 Btwllb Iggy = 23.8 Biull (from psychronetrie chart or tables) 15,094 Buu hr _ i SON RCI = 67.9 tons refrigeration 12,000 Leaving air= Coil load = 90,566 Ibvhr (32.8 - 23.8) OR Coil load = $x efim x A= 4.5 « 20,000 (32.8238) 810,000 Bu/he 816,000 Brute = S10.000 wwe 7 ‘Brule 12,000. ton THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C) Air flowing through the solution with no bypass will leave at the solution temperature, Since 5% is bypassed at 80°F, t= (0.95) (100) + (0.05) (80) = 99°F ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) LAT wb i ealoulated, 78°F (2,900efm)+92°F (700cfm) 3,600 cfm From psychrometric chart MAT wh = 66.2°F; h= 30.99 Bru/lb EAT is determined; MAT- 80.7°F db Qe fm (4.5) (0h); efm=3,600 Ah hey hy, Qy=SH+LH+OA = 163,264 Buwhe 163,264 EZ - 10.08 Brut 4.5(3,600) EAT = 80.7°F db / 66.2°F wo; LAT. "THR CORRECT ANSWER IS: (RyHVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SOLUTIONS 507, Condensate removed = !$.000 2 28 £=001 given Need: Pipe diameter, fuid velocity D= Da 21)= 36 in. (2) (0.375 in) = 35.25 in 35.35in p= 3525in <704n iain Fluid Velocity: v= 2.26.00 gpm li 28108? , 1 A eos 60sec gal 1,728 in? A Aenr= CB) -cne (26,000}(231) vy = 26000231) 5 8.54 fps (Goyp7286.78) "854% _(0.01)(2,425 )( 8.54 fps)? "94 0)2)G2.2 sec?) Fs =160+93=1693.8 ° ‘This is the total head required to get the water tothe spray cooling pond. Pump head required = 169.3 f-20 psi (inlet) 69.3 ~ (20.0 psi) (2.31 Apsi)) 23.1 Altemate Solution: From fiietion tables, smooth pipe loss (e.g, Cameron Hydraulic Data) diameter pipe: 9 fps = 0.511 £100 equiv 2.425Ax0S110 2A25AOSUM 9 an 1008 Pump heed required = (160.04 12.4) ft (20 psi) (2.31 psi) = 126.2 ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (A) 15HVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SOLUTIONS 516. For the conditions given, the pressure required of the pipe is P=20 psi~(Zp—Za) + hy, 0 psi ~ (160 f) (0.433 psf) + (20 (0.433 psf) 20.0 + 89.3 + 8.7 = 98.0 psi max ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (B) S17. ASHRAE Handbook-HVAC Systems and Equipment (centrifugal pumps) [PSH (available) = y+ hy~ hype hy hp = 147 psia @30 biypa = 11.526 psi (2.31) = 26.62 8 a 200 °F ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C) tons «12,000 Btufhrton (60 min Aon)(4b,Bru/b) Ab = 106~50=57 Brwlb 49.5 tons 12,000 60% (107-50) 74.0 Bmin 518. Refrigerant flow =: Flow Flow ‘Alternate Solution: 2010 ASHRAE Handbook-Refrigeration, p. 1.2, Figure 2: Flow rate per ton for 134a: For saturated 25°F and liquid temperature of 115°F (found off P-H chart at 173 psia) the flow is 3.55 Ibiminiton. 3.85 x 49.5 tons 175.4 Ibfmin soe REFRIGERATION EFFECT ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (A) 76519. 520. 521. HVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SOLUTIONS 2,000(30°F) + 8,000(70°F) goa 10,000 Air AT = 160°F — 62°F = 98°F Coil Buh = (10,000 efi) (1.08) (98° 1.058.000 500(40°AT) MA Temperature = AT) = 1,058,000 Brae Coil gpm =52.9 gpm ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER 1S: A) Either use density of 21,000 cfm at SO°F or use density of °F air (0.086), and adjust to efi, Q=tnegAT wR 7 0.07 Bx 60 x @=21,000 50.077 x60. 0245 188,495 Btwhe 88%10° Btw/hr ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER © ‘Quantity of supply air = Q/(1.10 AT) = (5,000 Btw’ [1.10 Bewhr/(cfin-*F)][78°F-54°F] = 189 fim (required to satisfy the 5,000 Bw load) However, the minimum flow setting for the VAV box is 210 efim, which is the correct answer, ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (B) nHVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SOLUTIONS 522. From psychrometrie chart 523, 524. 525. ‘with room = 75°F db/63°F wet bulb and sensible heat factor = 0.80 at 58°F supplying ar, wet bulb = 55°F Alternate Solution: Q= 45x efx Ah 200000 5,360 = 340,360 Bur 340,360 10,700.45 Using psyehtometrc char, find mixed air condition with 18.7% outdoor air and get mixed air conditions of 77.5°F dbi65°F wb. At this condition 0.0 30,0-7.07=22.93 From psychometric chart at 07 Beull 2.93 and Ty ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (©) “The cooling tower range is the temperature change across the unit, which inthis case implies an centering cordenser water temperature of 95 + 12 = 107°P. The approach temperature is the difference between the condenser water leaving temperature and the design wet bulb. In this ‘ase, the we: bulb temperature is 95 - 8 = 87°F. ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (B) 2004 ASHRAE Handbook-HVAC Systems and Equipment, p. 28.6, implies a minimum AFUE of 7% for new furnaces, so Statement I i tue, On the following page is the statement: "..while ‘cendensing furnaces have over 90% steacy-state efficiency," so Statement Is also true. ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (A) cana = Qovap * Work (32 tons) (12000 But) Bw +35 np 5.75 ip (2.545 BE ate) sossmes7500 (2 sae) = 278.400 Bur + 99891 Bue ~ 378,291 Brahe ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) 1HVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SOLUTIONS 527. 528, 529, 2 crM, spy =sp,/ SEM ‘i (St) 2 3,000 2,500) Dato pres a3.0 i oflow = 15 2U6in. wg ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (B) cop= Someta nt Cpa = Seta . COP = 500 tons «12,000 Bushrton Sepa = 08 p= 7.500.000 Brute Qupue “7.5 % 10° Bewhhr ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C) 23% of the air bypasses coil without being heated. 23 x 62°F + (1 0.23) 148°R) Te 1282°F ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (A) ‘The dampets in the constant-volume mixing boxes are linked and cannot act independently. ‘Therefore, (A) and (D) are not possible. (B) is not correct because it states that the hot damper is ‘roportional tothe cold damper. (C) is correct because hot airflow is increased as old at flow is ‘decreased, an inverse relationship. ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C)530. 531. 532, 533. 535. HVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SOLUTIONS ere Hh gH gg = 23.2100 ha is suction saturated vapor Jy is saturated liquid at ischage pressure 222 en 200 45.7 Bru Bu) Bu 106.2 45.7 ( Yb ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS:(B) ‘A reversing valve is used to change te reftigerant flow in a heat pump. ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS:(C) ‘An economizer section uses outdvor sr for free cooling by modulating the outside air withthe ‘retum air and relieving the excess i ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS:(D) According to the 2005 ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals,p. 33.7, the outlets are Group A. ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS:(A) ‘The 2005 ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals, p. 21.10, under service considerations, states “standard materials can be used with most inhibited glycol solutions, except galvanized metals." ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS:(D) ‘The minimum required differential pressure is equal to the sum of the losses through a control valve and AHU. The 10 ft of water pressure loss through the AHU must be converted to psi Coil pressure drop = 10 ft 0.433= 4.33 psi ‘Adding this value to the design centrol valve loss of 5 psi yields 9.33 psi ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS:(D) 30HVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SOLUTIONS 536. 2006 ASHRAE Handbook-Reftigeration, p.9.5, Table 3. For whole lean, cured ham: y= 0.83 above freezing y= 0.53 below freezing Latent heat of fusion = 98 Bulb Cool from 40°F to 28°F: 10,000 I [0.83 Btu/(Ib-°F)] (40°F 28°F) = 99,600 Btu Preeze: 10,000 tb x 98 Bruid ‘980,000 Btu Cool from 28°F to °F: 10,000 Ib [0.53 Biw/lb-°F)] (28°F -0°F) = 148,400 Btu 1,228,000 Buu = 1,228 « 10° Bra ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C) 537. Qawun =4.5 « fin x Ah; of 85°F db/69.2°F wo: of 75°F db/S0% rh = 4.5 « 10,000(33.4 ~ 28.2) = 234,000 Brwhr 234,000 Bru he = 19.5 tons. 12,000 Bu/he-ton Quan) = 0.98 x 19.5 = 19.1 tons oR v 10,000 cfm 50 Inn 13338 71b (75° Feb/S0%erh) 750 Imin > 60 min/ hr = 45,000 Ib/ br 5,000 Iba (33.428. 2) Bulb 34,000 Btu/hr =19.5 tons Quaior) = 0.98 19.5 =19.1 tons ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (B) 538. NFPA-96, Cooking Operations. Ventilation Control. isthe correct cote ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) 81HVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SOLUTIONS 539, W bark W__ 950016/4 mounts Pererd O5in. K,=4,750 Ibn ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (A) 540. For VED to, (=) tp, ~ (gpm, 5.8 (aso) 3 8. (650) bap, = 5.067 ip, “Tasryasop ‘E8087 tps 1.74 ip 1.74 bhp 0.7465 x8 T60 BE S008 Amal Operations! Cost= aT = s9sniyear For choked ow sib ‘bhp = 8 5 Q= 0.67 (450) = 301.5 P 3.960%, Q (450); 601.)43) ~ GON) bh 3 960(0.69) : Annual Operational Cost = 4.74 bhp x 0.746 inp 760 = soaTayen 4300-2608 Simpl Payback = 4300=2.625 1.1 yey aerated 2.478 = 958 a ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (A) 2I NCEES