Grade 12 STEM General Biology 2- Module 2

Biology (Ateneo de Naga University)

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Senior High School

General Biology 2
Module 2
Recombinant DNA

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General Biology 2
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Module 2: Recombinant DNA
First Edition, 2020

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 SHS

General Biology 2
Module 2
Recombinant DNA

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Biology 2 Self Learning Module (SLM) on Discussing the
Applications of Recombinant DNA.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
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the module:

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For the learner:

Welcome to the General Biology 2 Self Learning Module (SLM) on Discussing the
Applications of Recombinant DNA.
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 This section provides an activity which will
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 What I Need to Know

What are some Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology?

This module will leads you to understand the applications of recombinant DNA.

Most Essential Learning Competencies

 Discuss the applications of recombinant DNA (STEM_BIO11/12-IIIa-

b-7).

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. discuss the applications of recombinant DNA;

2. make a diagram on the applications of recombinant DNA; and
3. value the importance of applications of recombinant DNA.

What I Know

Directions: Select the letter of the BEST answer from the given choices. Write your
answer on your activity notebook.

1. At what level are gene products manipulated in genetic engineering?

A. Amino acid
B. DNA
C. Protein
D. RNA

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2. An organism that contains genes from other organisms is called .
A. macrotrans
B. recomorgi
C. transgenic
D. transplant
3. Which microorganisms used in the application of recombinant DNA?
A. Algae
B. Bacteria
C. Fungi
D. Virus
4. Which is a product of genetically modified organism or GMO in plants?
A. Bt corn
B. Cheese
C. Gene therapy
D. Vaccines
5. What is the application of recombinant DNA in the field of Agriculture?
A. Maintain good health
B. To treat human disease
C. Improved nutritional value
D. Developed insect-resistant plant
6. Which of the following best defines the function of Agrobacterium
tumefaciens?
A. It can cause blindness in humans
B. It can cause weight loss in humans
C. It is used for recombinant DNA in fungi
D. It can be used to introduce DNA to plants
7. Which bacteria used in plant and it is poisonous to certain pests?
A. Bacillus thuringiensis
B. Pseudomonas syriangae
C. Pseudomonas fluorescens
D. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

8. What recombinant bacterium is called the ice-minus bacterium which lacks

the gene responsible for ice formation?
A. Bacillus thuringiensis
B. Pseudomonas syriangae
C. Pseudomonas fluorescens
D. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
9. What nonpathogenic bacterium that has the ability to produce proteins
rapidly which is advantageous in developing biotherapeutics and
vaciines?
A. Bacillus thuringiensis
B. Pseudomonas syriangae
C. Pseudomonas fluorescens
D. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

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10. All of the following are the applications of recombinant DNA in the field of
Medicine, EXCEPT
A. Insulin
B. Growth hormone
C. Blood clotting factors
D. High-quality fermented foods
11. What is the importance of the application of recombinant DNA in the field of
Agriculture?
A. To treat disease
B. Develop vaccines
C. Process fermented foods
D. Produce natural insecticides
12. What importance of recombinant DNA is NOT included in the field of
medicine?
A. Frost crystal
B. Blood clotting factor
C. Hepatitis B virus surface antigen
D. Modified human growth hormone
13. What genetically engineered traits is NOT the application of recombinant
DNA to agriculture?
A. Pollen control
B. Insect resistance
C. Replacement therapy
D. Delayed fruit ripening
14. Is it true that (I) Recombinant plasmid is a combination of plasmid and
gene of interest while (II) Amplified gene lacks plasmid?
A. I only
B. II only
C. Both I and II
D. Neither I nor II
15. What is the correct sequence of applications of recombinant DNA?

I. Bacteria culture
II. Amplified gene and protein
III. Recombinant plasmid inserted into bacteria
IV. Plasmid from a bacteria and gene of interest
V. Scientific research for medicine, agriculture and food industry

A. IV, III, I, II, V

B. I, III, V, II, IV
C. II, V, IV, III, I
D. V, I, III, IV, I

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 What’s In

From your previous topic about the processes involved in genetic engineering.
What are the processes involve in genetic engineering? What is the importance of
genetic engineering? Let’s connect to the recombinant DNA but before that try to
rearrange the rumbled letters to give you a clue on the lesson to be discussed. The
rumbled letters are C P O S P I N L I A T A .

What’s New

Activity: Applications of recombinant DNA.

Directions: Examine the illustration below and answer the guide questions. Write it
on your activity notebook.

Question:

1. Based from the illustration above, what are the applications of

recombinant DNA in the field of Agriculture, Medicine and Food
Industry?

What is It

Activity: Applications of your knowledge.

Directions: Try to guess what applications of recombinant DNA illustrate the

following pictures. Write your answer on your activity notebook.

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 Picture 1

Picture 2

Picture 3 Picture 4

Applications of Recombinant DNA

Several scientific advancements have led to many genetic engineering

techniques that are very beneficial to us. It is now possible to transfer DNA sequences
from one organism to another. American researcher Steven Howell and his associates
at the University of California in San Diego learned that even genes from two or
more different organisms can be made to work together. Howell’s team tried to
isolate the gene for luciferase- an enzyme that allows fireflies to glow- and insert it
into tobacco cells.
When the gene was activated from the recombinant cells, the plants glowed in the
dark. This means that the basic mechanisms of gene expression are shared by both

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plants and animals. Here are some of the benefits that we can get from recombinant
DNA.
Agriculture

Transgenic plants, or plants that contain genes from other organisms, are
now an important part in the field of agriculture. By using recombinant DNA
technology, plants can now be grown with genes responsible for producing natural
insecticides. This technology reduces the need for synthetic or artificial insecticides
and pesticides. In the Philippines, recent developments have enabled plants to
express a recombinant form of protein used by the Bacillus thuringiensis bacterium.
Recall the genetically modified maize known as Bt corn. This crop is widely used in
organic farming because it is poisonous to certain pests. This is greatly beneficial to
farmers because Bt corn eliminates corn borers, which cause an enormous amount
of damage to corn crops in our country.

Figure 1. Bt corn or genetically modified (GM) corn

The following are some bacteria used in recombinant DNA technology:

1. Pseudomonas syriangae- The recombinant variant of this bacterium is called

the ice-minus bacterium, which lacks the gene responsible for ice formation. The ice-
minus bacteria prevent frost crystals from forming in plants.
2. Pseudomonas fluorescens- This is a nonpathogenic bacterium that has the
ability to produce proteins rapidly. This characteristic is advantageous in
developing biotherapeutics and vaccines.
3. Agrobacterium tumefaciens- In its natural state, this bacterium has a tumor-
inducing (Ti) plasmid that causes crown gall disease in plants. The said Ti plasmid
in the bacterium can be removed and replaced with a recombinant plasmid. This
enables the now-modified bacterium to introduce beneficial genes to plants.

Other applications of recombinant DNA to agriculture are the following:

A. Crop Improvement
B. Genetically Engineered Traits: The Big Six
1. Herbicide Resistance
2. Insect Resistance
3. Virus Resistance
4. Altered Oil Content
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 5. Delayed Fruit Ripening
6. Pollen Control
C. Biotech Revolution: Cold and Drought Tolerance and Weather- Guard Genes

Medicine

An important contribution of recombinant DNA technology in the field of

medicine is the use of bacteria to create substances that our body needs whether
to maintain good health or to treat a disease. For example, human insulin is
created using recombinant DNA to help diabetics. Also, the modified human growth
hormone is widely used to support the development of people who have a
malfunctioning pituitary gland. This is of great benefit because it avoids the practice
of getting growth hormones from dead bodies, which can pose serious health risks.
Other important substances such as blood clotting factors (for people suffering
from hemophilia) and hepatitis B virus surface antigens (for people suffering from
hepatitis B) are also products of recombinant DNA technology. Certainly, this
technology has given us many benefits in the field of medicine.

Figure 2. How recombinant DNA technology is used in medicine

Other medical applications of recombinant DNA technology:

1. Production of proteins for replacement therapy (e.g. insulin), disease

prevention (e.g. vaccines) and diagnostic tests (e.g. monoclonal
antibodies).
2. Treatment of genetic diseases (gene therapy).

Food Industry

Recombinant technology has also improved the food industry. Some of the
crops that we eat are now resistant to pests, diseases, and environmental stress. As
a result, crop yields have increased and production costs have been kept lowered.
Recombinant crops are also beneficial because of their improved nutritional quality
and longer shelf life. Recombinant technology can also be used for processing high-
quality fermented foods such as cheeses, pickles, wines, and beers.
Food products have been developed with genetic engineering. Cattle can be
engineered to be bigger with higher reproduction rates of better quality e.g.
developing animals whose meat has less fat. It is possible to modify certain foods,
such as fruits and livestock, in terms of sweetness, color, and even nutritional value
e.g. soybean, tomato and corn.

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 What’s More

Activity: More Recombinant DNA

Directions: Column A is the definition of term in the Column B. Select the word/s
from the Column B that best describes its definition from the Column A.
Write the letter of your answer on your activity notebook.
Column A Column B
1. enzyme that allows fireflies to glow a. Food industry

2. genetically modified maize b. Medicine

3. blood clotting factor c. Agriculture

4. improved nutritional value d. luciferase

5. modified human growth hormone e. hemophilia

f. hepatitis B
g. vermiculture

What I Have Learned

Activity: Recombinant DNA Diagram

Directions: In your own knowledge and understanding answer the problem below.
Write your answer on your activity notebook.

Problem:
Make a diagram showing the application of recombinant DNA in the field of
Agriculture, Medicine and Food Industry.

Rubrics for Scoring

Excellent Very Satisfactory Fair Needs Improvement

Criteria
4 3 2 1
Thoughtfully Somewhat
Well organized organized and organized and
in logical Easy to follow somewhat Choppy and
Organization format and most of the time. incoherent. confusing. Contains
contains main Contains most of Contains only a limited number of
concepts the main a few of the concepts.
concepts main concepts.

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 Justifies key Justifies few Regardless of the
results and Justifies some results or evidence or reasons,
Justifiable
procedures, results or procedures, maintains or
procedures
explains procedures, seldom defends views based
and results
assumptions explains reasons. explains on self-interest or
and reasons. reasons preconceptions.

What I Can Do

Activity: Apply Recombinant DNA

Directions: Use your basic knowledge on recombinant DNA technology to answer

the question. Do it in your activity notebook.

1. What are the advantages of using recombinant DNA to produce

human hormones such as insulin and somatotropin?

Assessment

Directions: Select the letter of the best answer from the given choices. Write your
answer on your activity notebook.

1. What bacterium produces proteins rapidly which is use in

developing biotherapeutics and vaciines?
A. Bacillus thuringiensis
B. Pseudomonas syriangae
C. Pseudomonas fluorescens
D. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
2. What is the function of Agrobacterium tumefaciens?
A. Can cause blindness in humans
B. Used to introduce DNA to plants
C. Can cause weight loss in humans
D. Used for recombinant DNA in fungi
3. Which bacteria are poisonous to certain pests?
A. Bacillus thuringiensis
B. Pseudomonas syriangae
C. Pseudomonas fluorescens
D. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

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4. What is the application of recombinant DNA in the field of Agriculture?
A. Maintain good health
B. To treat human disease
C. Improved nutritional value
D. Developed insect-resistant plant
5. What is being manipulated in genetic engineering?
A. Amino acid
B. DNA
C. Protein
D. RNA
6. What microorganisms used in recombinant DNA?
A. Algae
B. Bacteria
C. Fungi
D. Virus
7. Which is a product of recombinant DNA in plants?
A. Cheese
B. Bt corn
C. Vaccines
D. Gene therapy
8. What recombinant bacterium is called the ice-minus bacterium?
A. Bacillus thuringiensis
B. Pseudomonas syriangae
C. Pseudomonas fluorescens
D. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
9. What organism contains genes from other organisms?
A. Macrotrans
B. Recomorgi
C. Transgenic
D. Transplant
10. All of the following are the applications of recombinant DNA in the field of
Agriculture, EXCEPT
A. Virus resistance
B. Insect resistance
C. Altered Oil content
D. Monoclonal antibodies
11. What is the importance of the application of recombinant DNA in the field
of Food Industry?
A. To treat disease
B. Develop vaccines
C. Process fermented foods
D. Produce natural insecticides

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 12. What importance of recombinant DNA is NOT included in the field of
Agriculture?
A. Bt corn
B. Insulin
C. Frost crystal
D. Weather-guard genes
13. What genetically engineered traits is NOT the application of recombinant
DNA to agriculture?
A. Virus resistance
B. Genetic diseases
C. Herbicide resistance
D. Cold and Drought tolerance
14. Is it true that (I) Recombinant technology used for processing fermented
foods while (II) Sweetness and color of fruits is also a product of
transgenic plant?
A. I only
B. II only
C. Both I and II
D. Neither I nor II

15. How recombinant DNA technology is used in medicine?

I. DNA is put into specially engineered host cell

II. Medicine is given to patient who was prescribed it
III. The medicine produced from DNA is specially packaged
IV. Special DNA sections are stitched together in a plasmid
V. The host cells are grown in batches producing the medicine

A. V, I, III, II, IV
B. I, IV, V, II, III
C. IV, I, V, III, II
D. II, IV, I, V, III

Additional Activities

Activity: Extend Your Knowledge

You have learned how recombinant technology is applied in the fields of

medicine, agriculture and food industry. To know more of the recent applications
of recombinant technology;1.) visit https://www.dnacenter.com/science-
technology/health-nutrition.html. 2.) take pictures of some examples of
recombinant DNA product.

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What’s More What

Is It
1. d Picture 1. Bt corn/ pest resistance Picture 2.
2. e For human growth hormone
3. b Picture 3. Modify food e.g. sweetness and color Picture
4. a 4. Nutritional Improvement
5. c

Assessment What I Know

1. C 1. B
2. B 2. C
3. A 3. B
4. D 4. A
5. B 5. D
6. B 6. D
7. B 7. A
8. B 8. B
9. C 9. C
10. D 10. D
11. C 11. D
12. B 12. A
13. B 13. C
14. C 14. A
15. C 15. A

Answer Key
References
Javier, Mark Archei O. Diwa Senior High School Series: General Biology 2. 4/F
SEDCCO 1 Bldg. 120 Thailand corner Legazpi Streets, Legaspi Village, 1229 Makati
City: DIWA LEARNING SYSTEMS INC, 2017.

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 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN with
the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal. Contents of
this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC).
This is a supplementary material to be used by all learners of Region XII in all
public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The process of LR development was
observed in the production of this module. This is version 1.0. We highly
encourage feedback, comments, and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Learning Resource Management System

(LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal Telefax

No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph

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