SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

General Biology 1
Module 3
In Light, There is Life
General Biology I
Self-Learning Mode (SLM)
Module 3: In light, There is Life
First Edition, 2020

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 SHS

General Biology 1
Module 1
In Light, There is Life
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Biology I Self-Learning Module (SLM) on In Light, There is

Life

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

Hello dear teacher! This module contained content particularly on the

light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. It is important to first orient the
learners of the objectives of this learning module for them to identify essential
competencies they need to master and the kind of activities they must comply
with in compliance of the MELC. It is also recommended to give leaners timely
feedback on their outputs. Though this is standalone learning module, you
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. The exercises and activities used in this lesson are though
provoking to help learners develop their critical, creative, and higher order
thinking skills. May you always find joy and excitement collaborating with your
learners as you usher them to towards their dreams. Good luck and continue
to touch their lives as you journey together in this module.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the General Biology I Self-Learning Module (SLM) on In Light, There is

Life.

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.

2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.

3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.

5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.

6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

Hello! How are you? Good thing that we are still alive and thankful for the
opportunity to again see the beauty of a sunrise. Whatever our breakfast this
morning, be it fish, meat, or veggies, all of these get their energy from the sun.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria, and other protists
convert light energy (sun) into chemical energy (food). We call these organisms
producers. They make their own food and feed the consumers who cannot produce
their own food. The oxygen that we breathe every day, is a by-product of
photosynthesis.

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Describe the patterns of electron flow through light reaction events
(STEM_BIO11/12-IIa-j-4).

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. differentiate the two stages of photosynthesis;
2. identify the important molecules involved in the light reactions; and
3. describe the events and processes happening during light reactions.

What I Know

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. What is the correct chemical equation for photosynthesis?

A. 6 H2O + 6 CO2 = C6H12O6 + 6 O2
B. 6 H2O + 6 O2 = C6H12O6 + 6 CO2
C. C6H2O6 + + 6 O2 = 6 H2O + 6 CO2
D. C6H12O6 + + 6 O2 = 6 H2O + 6 CO2

2. What cell organelle performs PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

A. Chloroplast
B. Cytoplasm
C. Mitochondria
D. Ribosomes

3. Where does light-dependent reaction take place?

A. Lumen
B. Stroma
C. Thylakoids
D. Outer membrane

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4. What is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
A. To excite electron
B. To absorb sunlight
C. To produce carbohydrates
D. To produce NADPH and ATP

5. What supplies the electrons for the Light Reactions?

A. Water
B. Oxygen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. ATP and NADP+

6. Which of the following is NOT produce in the light reactions?

A. ATP
B. Glucose
C. NADPH
D. Oxygen

7. What stage of photosynthesis the splitting a molecule of water occur?

A. Calvin Cycle
B. Dark Reaction
C. Photosystem 1 of the light dependent reaction
D. Photosystem 2 of the light dependent reaction

8. What supplies the electrons that are lost in photosystem I (PSI)?

A. Water
B. Oxygen
C. Glucose
D. The electrons from PS II

9. What is the function of NADP+ in the light reaction?

A. It absorbs light.
B. It is an electron carrier.
C. It is a light-reflecting pigment.
D. It acts as long-term energy storage.

For items 10 and 11. Please refer to the illustration below.

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10. Using the given illustration, which of the following are the products of the light
reactions that are needed for the Calvin cycle?
A. ADP and ATP
B. ATP and NADPH
C. Oxygen and sugar
D. NADP + and NADPH

11. Based on the illustration above, for light reaction to happen, which of the
following things are needed?
A. ATP and NADPH
B. Oxygen and sugar
C. Water and sunlight
D. Sunlight and chlorophyll

12. How is Photosystem II differ from Photosystem I?

A. Photosystem II contains P680 a while photosystem I contains P700.
B. Photosystem traps light energy while photosystem does not need light
energy
C. Photosystem II contains chlorophyll a while photosystem I contains
Carotenoid.
D. Electron passes through electron transport chain in Photosystem II while
electron stops at reaction center in Photosystem I.

13. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the importance of light reaction
to humans?

I. It manufactures glucose for energy.

II. It produces oxygen which humans inhale.
III. It releases carbon dioxide which humans breathe out.
IV. It splits water and releases hydrogen to the atmosphere.

A. II only
B. I and III only
C. I, II, and III only
D. I, II and IV only

14. Paul is biology major student. He is discussing light reaction in their class. After
his presentation, he was asked by his professor about the function of NADP+
during light reaction. Paul answered that NADP+ acts an electron carrier. Do
you think his answer is correct?
A. No, the NADPH carries electrons not NADP+.
B. No, the NADP+ carries protons not electrons.
C. Yes, the NADP+ carries electrons to form ATP.
D. Yes, the NADP+ carries electrons to form NADPH.

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15. Ella would like to know about how adenosine triphosphate is formed. During her
research, she found out during chemiosmosis, an enzyme known as ATP
synthase creates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from ADP. Do you think the
information is correct?
A. Yes, ATP synthase forms ATP and ADP.
B. No, ATP synthase breaks down ATP and NADPH.
C. No, ATP synthase breaks down NADPH to form ATP.
D. Yes, ATP is formed from ADP with the help of enzyme ATP synthase.

What’s In

Hi, how are you today? In the previous module, you had a good understanding
of the importance of chlorophyll and other pigments in photosynthesis. Chlorophyll
A is the primary pigment that reflects green light and absorbs red and blue light.
There are also other types of chlorophyll and pigments including red, brown, and
blue which help channel light energy to chlorophyll A or protect the cell from photo-
damage. Chlorophyll pigments are present in the chloroplast where light-dependent
reactions also taking place. Light-dependent reactions capture light energy to
produce ATP and NADPH.

Activity 1. Know Me Well

Directions: Copy the illustration of chloroplast below in separate sheet of paper.

Label each part as indicated by the number. Refer your answer to the parts with their
functions that are found inside the box.

Outer membrane - outer covering of chloroplast

Inner membrane - forms a border to the stroma
Stroma - fluid portion of the chloroplast; space outside the thylakoids
Thylakoid - disc-like structure where light reaction takes place
Granum - stack of thylakoids
Lumen - interior of the thylakoid

Figure 1. Parts of Choloroplast

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 What’s New

Hello there! Photosynthesis comes in two stages- the light dependent reaction,
which requires light, and the light independent reaction, which does not require light.
In this module, we will expand our understanding on photosynthesis by investigating
how light-dependent reactions take place during photosynthesis in plants. We will
further discover what pigment molecules absorbed light, how excited electrons pass
through reaction center and eventually to an electron transport chain, and how the
energetically "downhill" flow of electrons synthesize ATP and NADPH.

Before we get into the details of the light-dependent reactions, let’s find out
the difference between light reactions and dark reactions (a.k.a. Calvin Cycle). You
better read and understand the conversations of the two strangers below for you to
perform the task given.

One foggy morning, as you walk along the beach, you heard the conversations
of two individuals following your back. It seemed that they are strangers to one
another.

Calvin Cycle : “It’s a nice morning”.

Light Reactions : “Yes, it is a nice and cool morning indeed.
Calvin Cycle : “I’m Calvin Cycle”, (a voice of a male you heard)
Light Reactions : “I’m Light Reactions” (replied by a voice coming from a girl)
Calvin Cycle : “Do you live around here or are you visiting?”
Light Reactions : “I’m visiting from Thylakoid, a place within Granum”. How
about you?”
Calvin Cycle : “Oh, we’re only neighbors!”
Light Reactions : “Really? Where are you from?”
Calvin Cycle : “I live in the Stroma, a city outside Thylakoid. You’ve been so
generous in sending me ATP and NADPH. Together with CO2,
I used them to produce glucose (sugar). You’re such an angel!
I really appreciate your kindness. I’m so thankful for that”
Light Reactions : “No, That’s nothing. Those ATP and NADPH came from ADP+P
and NADP+ that you sent me. I only restored them to their
high energy forms (ATP and NADPH). By the way, I’m going
home in Thylakoid next week. Do you like to visit my place?”
Calvin Cycle : “What’s a good thing to see in your place?”
Light Reactions : “I recommend going to the east where sunlight strikes and to
the west where water drops. Sunlight and water gave me
energy to produce ATP and NADPH and Oxygen as byproduct

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 which humans need”.
Calvin Cycle : That’s great. I never had a chance to see a photon of light in my
life. It would also be so exciting to see a molecule of water for
the first time.
Light Reactions : Oh, my friend is waiving at me right there. I hope you enjoy
your stay here. Well, it was nice meeting you by the way. I hope
you have a goodtime here.
Calvin Cycle : Thanks for inviting me. It was nice talking to you. See you
around.

Activity 2. Have You Heard Me Right?

Directions: In a separate sheet of paper, draw and label the diagram below to
summarize the two stages of photosynthesis. Recall the conversations
that you just heard from two strangers. Use the word bank for the
answer.

Word bank:
Thylakoids Calvin cycle CO2 NADP+
granum light NADPH O2
stroma H2O ATP ADP + P
light reactions sugar

Figure 2. Stages of Photosynthesis.

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Activity 3. Paint Me Up

Directions: Copy the illustration on a separate sheet of paper. Color the diagram
below as described:
- Color the energy from sunlight YELLOW
- Label PHOTOSYSTEM I AND II
- Color the two photosystems GREEN
- Color the hydrogen ions PINK
- Color the electrons RED
- Color ATP Synthase ORANGE
- Color the phospholipid of the thylakoid membrane BLUE

Figure 3. Light Dependent Reactions.

What is It

Chemical Reaction for Photosynthesis:

6 CO2 + 6 H20 + sunlight + C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Table 1. Distinguishing Two Stages of Photosynthesis.

Light-Dependent Reactions Light-Independent Reactions

Site of the process thylakoid stroma
Light dependence Needs sunlight Does not need sunlight
Source of energy sunlight ATP
Reducing agent Reduce NADP+ to NADPH Reduce C02 to sugar C6H12O6
reactants Water, NADP+, ADP, Pi Carbon dioxide, ATP, NADPH
products Oxygen, ATP, NADPH Glucose, NADP+, ADP, Pi

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Light- Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis: Linear Electron Flow

The process involves in converting light energy into chemical energy

takes place in a multi-protein complex called a photosystem. Two types of
photosystems are embedded in the thylakoid membrane: photosystem II (PSII)
and photosystem I (PSI). Each photosystem plays a key role in capturing the
energy from sunlight by exciting electrons. These energized electrons are
transported by “energy carrier” molecules, which power the light -independent
reactions. Photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and
carotenoids are found in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. This
reaction can be found in green plants.

Figure 4. Light Dependent Reactions in Thylakoid.

Diagram of Light-Dependent Reactions in thylakoid

Figure 5. The Linear Light Reactions.

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The Steps or Events in Light Reactions.

1. Pigment molecules of the light-harvesting complex of Photosystem II

(inner surface of thylakoid) absorb light energy (photon) until the energy
reaches the reaction center. The energy is then absorbed by pigment 600
(P680) pair of chlorophyll a, energizing the electron to high energy level.

2. The high-energy electron is passed to the primary electron acceptor,

pheophytin. The electron of P680 is lost then becomes positively charged
(P680+).

3. Electrons from a water molecule is attracted by the positively charged

molecule (P680+) which results to H 2 0 being split up into two electrons,
two hydrogen ions (H+), and an oxygen atom with the provision of light
energy. This oxygen atom then instantly combines with another oxygen
atom to produce an oxygen molecule (O 2 ) which is then released outside
through the leaf’s stomata.

4. The excited electrons travelled through the electron transport chain from
the primary electron acceptor to the electron carrier molecules the
plastoquinone (Pq), a cytochrome complex, and plastocyanine (Pc) ,
releasing energy as it goes. until they enter Photosystem I.

5. Some of the released energy are used to pump hydrogen ions from the
stroma to the lumen, building a proton gradient. There is an uneven
distribution of hydrogen ions in the stroma and lumen which is the result
of H 2 O molecules splitting up. Trying to equalize the distribution, H+
ions move from the lumen to the stroma passing through ATP synthase,
driving the production of ATP from ADP. This process is called
chemiosmosis.

6. On the other hand, photon (light energy) is absorbed by pigment

molecules until the energy arrives at the reaction center complex of
Photosystem I (outer surface of thylakoid). This energy makes the
electron present in the pair of pigment 700 (P700) chlorophyl a excited.
The excited electron is then passed on to the primary electron acceptor
which makes the P700 positively charged (P700+) and now looks for
electrons to fill up the missing ones. This is filled up by the electrons
from Photosystem II that are transferred through the electron transport
chain.

7. The photo-excited electron from the primary electron acceptor of

Photosystem I enters another electron transfer chain, transferring the
electron to the iron-containing protein ferredoxin (Fd).

8. The enzyme NADP+ reductace passes the electron to NADP+ and

stabilizes it by adding a proton (H+) to produce NADPH. NADPH is
released to the stroma and becomes part of the Calvin Cycle.

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Directions. Write the table below in a separate sheet of paper. Complete each
cell with appropriate answer(s). Choose the answer from the box
following herein:

-Inner surface of thylakoid -Light energy and water -water

-Outer surface of thylakoid -Light energy -PSII
-Pair of pigment 700 (P700) -Oxygen and ATP
-Pair of pigment 680 (P680) -NADPH

Table 2. Distinguishing Parts of Light Reactions

Photosystem II Photosystem I
Location
Reactants
Product(s)
Source of electron
Types of chlorophyll pigment that
receives electron at the reaction
center

Cyclic Electron Flow

Under certain condition, the photo-excited electrons may take a short-
circuited route called Cyclic Electron Flow, which utilizes Photosystem I
(P700) but not Photosystem II (P680). The ferredoxin goes back to the cycle and
passes the electron to the cytochrome complex and to the Pc until it reaches
P700 chlorophyll instead of transferring the electron to NADP+ reductase. Due
to this event, no NADPH is produced but ATP is still synthesized. This takes
place in bacteria and green plants.

Figure 6. The Cyclic Electron Flow.

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Directions: Copy the table in a separate sheet of paper. Fill in each cell in the
table with appropriate descriptions of Linear/Non-cyclic Electron
Flow and Cyclic Electron Flow. Select from the choices given in the
box below:

-Only PSI is involved -both PSI and PSII are involved

-photolysis of water is required -water is not required
-oxygen is released -no oxygen is released
-ATP and NADPH is synthesized -only ATP but not NADPH is synthesized

Table 3. Distinguishing Cyclic and Non-cyclic Electron Flow

Linear/Non-cyclic Electron Flow Cyclic Electron Flow

What’s More

Directions: Rearrange in sequence the following steps of light reactions by writing

the numbers only. Answer this on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The excited electrons are then transferred through the electron

transport chain thru electron carrier plastoquinone (Pq), a
cytochrome complex, and plastocyanine (Pc).

2. The enzyme NADP+ reductace passes the electron to NADP+ and

stabilizes it by adding a proton (H+) to produce NADPH. NADPH is
released to the stroma and becomes part of the Calvin Cycle.

3. The excited electron from the primary electron acceptor of

Photosystem I enters another electron transfer chain, transferring the
electron to the iron-containing protein ferredoxin (Fd).

4. The excited electron is passed to the primary electron acceptor,

pheophytin.

5. ATP synthase harnesses the flow of protons to make ATP from ADP
and phosphate (Pi)

6. The P680 pair of chlorophyll a absorbs light energy in the reaction

center.

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 7. Water molecule is split up into two electrons, two hydrogen ions (H+),
and an oxygen atom to replenish the lost electron of P680

8. ATP synthase harnesses the flow of protons to make ATP from ADP
and phosphate (Pi)

9. In Photosystem 1, the P700 pair of chlorophyll a absorbs light energy

in the reaction center.

What I Have Learned

Directions: Perform what is asked in each item. Write your answer in a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Why does the lumen (interior of thylakoid) become positively charged during
the light-dependent reactions? Explain.
2. How does ATP Synthase produce ATP?
3. How do the electron change when sunlight excites electron in chlorophyll?

Note: Refer to the rubrics below for your answers on items 1-3.

Rubrics
Very Needs
Excellent Good (3 Satisfactory
Good Improvement
(5 points) points) (2 points)
(4 points) (1 point)
Limited,
Exceptional Sufficient, somewhat
Strong, Very limited,
, detailed, usually unclear but
Ideas clear, topic not
clear, and clear, has a
focused defined
focused focused discernible
focus
Predictabl Awkward,
Weak and
Decisive, e, disjointed,
Convincing inconsistent,
Organization easy to generally very hard to
and unified hard to
follow easy to follow-no
follow
follow flow
Predomin
Consistent Frequent
ant use of
use of clear use of
functional Rarely vivid, Lack clarity,
verbs, vivid
Word choice words- clear or ineffective or
words paint verbs,
needs precise overdone
a picture, often
more
precise precise
imagery

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 What I Can Do

Directions: Grow a plant in a pot that is ideal for bedroom plant. Place it inside your
bedroom near the window so it could receive some amount of sunlight.
In a separate sheet of paper, perform the following tasks:

1. Name of plant :

2. Description : Describe the plant in terms of size, height, shape of

leaves, color, and scent if any. Also describe the size,
height, shape, color and kind of pot you use whether it
is made of can, clay, ceramic or homemade pot. You
may use ruler, tape measurer, or meter stick in getting
the height of the plant and the pot.

3. Why is it important for your health to have plants in your bedroom? (Note:
please refer to the rubrics below)

4. Draw and preferably color your bedroom-potted plant the way it looks like.
Rubrics
Needs
Excellent Very Good Good (3 Satisfactory (2
Improvement
(5 points) (4 points) points) points)
(1 point)
Limited,
Exceptional, Sufficient,
somewhat Very limited,
detailed, Strong, clear, usually
Ideas unclear but has topic not
clear, and focused clear,
a discernible defined
focused focused
focus
Awkward,
Predictable, Weak and
Organiza Convincing Decisive, disjointed,
generally inconsistent,
tion and unified easy to follow very hard to
easy to follow hard to follow
follow-no flow
Consistent use Predominant
of clear verbs, Frequent use use of Lack clarity,
Word Rarely vivid, clear
words paint a of vivid verbs, functional ineffective or
choice or precise
picture, often precise words-needs overdone
precise more imagery

Suggested bedroom plants: pothos plant, jasmine, aloe vera, spider plant.

Pothos Plant Jasmine Plant

Spider Plant

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 Assessment

Directions: Choose the correct answer from the choices in each item. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the main purpose of the light reactions?

A. To make sugars
B. To reflect green light
C. To capture energy and make sugar
D. To provide the energy and electrons for the Calvin cycle

2. What event is taking place when molecule pigments trap photons of light?
A. Electron is excited
B. ATP is reduced to ADP
C. Oxygen becomes carbon dioxide
D. Pair of pigments 680 becomes pigment 700

3. What are the two products of the light reactions that are needed for the Calvin
cycle?
A. Pi and ADP+
B. NADPH and ATP
C. NAD+ and NADPH
D. Oxygen and NADPH

4. What is the main chemical compound that stores and releases energy?
A. ATP
B. Cytochrome
C. Oxygen
D. Plastoquinone

5. Where do the light reactions happen?

A. Stroma
B. Central vacuole
C. Thylakoid membrane
D. Mitochondria membrane

6. What supplies the electron that is lost in PS II?

A. Water
B. Oxygen
C. Glucose
D. Carbon dioxide

7. Which molecule is only produced in cyclic electron flow?

A. ATP
B. Glucose
C. NADPH
D. Oxygen

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8. What is the final electron acceptor in photosystem I?
A. ATP
B. NADP+
C. Oxygen
D. Water

9. Which of the following drives the formation of ATP by ATP synthase?

A. Splitting carbon dioxide into sugar
B. Releasing oxygen to the atmosphere
C. Light absorption by pigments molecules
D. Building up of H+ ions from splitting of water

10. Why is it important to create a concentration of H+ in the thylakoid space?

I. To create ATP
II. So that the H+ can diffuse through ATP synthase
III. To combine oxygen and hydrogen molecules for water synthesis
IV. So that the H+ can attach with ADP to produce ATP synthase

A. I and II only
B. II and III only
C. II and IV only
D. III and IV only

11. Which of the following is NOT correctly matched about the stages of
photosynthesis?

I. Photosystem II - P680; photosystem I - P700

II. Light reactions - thylakoids; Calvin cycle – stroma
III. Light reactions - glucose and ADP+; Calvin cycle - ATP and NADPH
IV. Photosystem II - inner surface of thylakoid; photosystem I - outer
surface of thylakoid

A. III only
B. I and II only
C. II and IV only
D. I and IV only

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For items 12-13, please refer to the diagram below:

12. Based on the illustration above, what activity is taking place in step number 3?
A. Water is split to form P680 while oxygen is released in the atmosphere.
B. Oxygen is energized to form water molecules and electrons lost energy.
C. Hydrogen absorbs light energy and combine with oxygen to synthesize
water.
D. Water molecule is split to replace the lost electron in P680 and oxygen atom
are released to the atmosphere.

13. Which of the following BEST describe the activity in step 8?

A. NADPH combine with Hydrogen ion to form NADP+
B. Electron is absorbed by NADP+ reductase to form NADPH and NADP+
C. NADPH is split into NADP+ and Hydrogen ion to form NADP+ reductase
D. NADP+ reductase passes electron to NADP+ and combine with Hydrogen
ion to form NADPH.

14. During their science class, Paula was asked by her teacher what will happen
when water molecules react with CO2 during light reactions? She answered that
water combines with carbon dioxide to produce glucose. Is Paula correct?
A. Yes, water combine with carbon dioxide to synthesize glucose.
B. Yes, water reacts ad splits to give electrons, H+ ions, and oxygen gas (O2).
C. No, water synthesizes ATP, ADP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle.
D. No, water powers up ATP synthase to generate plastoquinone, and
plastocyanin.

15. Photosystems absorb light energy through the chlorophyll pigments. Is it correct
to say that in the photosystem II, the energy from sunlight splits water releasing
electrons and hydrogen atoms?
A. No, after splitting water the glucose is synthesize.
B. No, splitting of water happens in the photosystem I.
C. Yes, sunlight splits water producing byproducts needed for ATP synthase.
D. Yes, light energy splits water which releases two electrons, two hydrogen
ions (H+), and one oxygen atom.

16
 Additional Activities

Directions: Draw the illustration below in another sheet of paper. Fill in the empty
shapes with the names of the molecules involved in the processes

Figure 7. Molecules Involved in the Parts of Light Reactions

17
 18
What I Have Learned
1. The splitting of water causes H+ ions build up in the
lumen.
2. ATP synthase is an enzymes where it catalyzes the
synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate, driven by
a flux of protons across a gradient generated by Assessment
electron transfer from the intermembrane space, from
the inner membrane, back to the matrix. 1. D
2. A
3. B
3. When pigment molecules in chlorophyll absorbs the 4. A What’s More
photon from sunlight, the electrons become excited to 5. C
higher energy level. The unstable electron transferred to
6. A 2
other molecules by electron donors and acceptors by a
7. A 4
series of redox reactions called the Electron Transport
8. C 7
Chain. The electron loses its energy as it travels through
9. D 1
the final electron acceptor.
10. A 5
11. A 9
3
12. C
4. A, B, C, D 8
13. D
6
5. A, D, B, E, C 14. A
15. D
What’s is it?
Table 2.
Photosystem II Photosystem I
Location Inner surface of Outer surface of thylakoid
thylakoid
Reactants Light energy, water Light energy
Product(s) Oxygen, ATP NADPH
Source of electron water PSII
Types of chlorophyll pigment that Pair of pigment 680 Pair of pigment 700
receives electron at the reaction center (P680) (P700)
Table 3. Distinguishing Cyclic and Non-cyclic Electron Flow
Linear/Non-cyclic Electron Flow Cyclic Electron Flow What I
Know
both PSI and PSII are involved Only PSI is involved
photolysis of water is required water is not required 1. D
oxygen is released no oxygen is released
2. A
ATP and NADPH is synthesized only ATP but not NADPH is synthesized
3. C
4. D
What’s New 5. A
6. B
Activity 2.
7. D
8. D
1. light 11. Calvin Cycle
2. H2O 12. thylakoid 9. D
What’s In?
3. CO2 13. O2 10. B
4. stroma 14. sugar Activity 1. 11. D
5. granum 1. Granum 12. D
6. light reaction 2. Lumen 13. A
7. NADP+ 3. Thylakoid 14. D
8.ADP+P 4. Stroma 15. D
9.ATP 5. Inner
10.NADPH 6. Outer membrane
Answer Key
References
A. Book

CHED and Philippine Normal University. Teaching Guide for Senior High School
GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 (Philippines: Commission on Higher Education, 2016),
122-127.

B. Website

Chlorophytum Comosum. n.d. Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorophytum_comosum.

Jasmine Plants. n.d. Nursery Live. https://nurserylive.com/en/plants/flowering-

plants/jasmine-plants.

“Photosynthetic Cells.” Nature News. Nature Publishing Group. Accessed June 10,
2020. https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/photosynthetic-cells-
14025371/.

Pothos. n.d. CitySens. https://www.citysens.com/en/shop/34-18216-pothos-

plant.html.

“Reactions of Photosynthesis.” Studylib.net. Accessed June 10, 2020.

https://studylib.net/doc/8911781/reactions-of-photosynthesis-8-3--pp-208-
214-
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/problem_sets/intro_photosynt
hesis/intro.html.

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 Disclaimer
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) was developed by the DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN with
the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal. Contents of
this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC).
This is a supplementary material used by all learners of region XII in all public
schools beginning 2020-2021. This process of LR development was observed in the
production of this module. This version 1.0 highly encourage feedback, comments
and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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