1.

Indigenous Peoples: Leyte was originally

inhabited by various indigenous groups such
as the Waray, who are known for their distinct
language, culture, and traditions. These
indigenous peoples had their own social
structures, belief systems, and artistic
expressions, which contributed to the unique
cultural landscape of Leyte.
2. Trade and Maritime Links: Leyte’s
strategic location in the central Philippines
made it a hub for trade and maritime activities
even before the arrival of colonizers. Pre-
colonial communities engaged in trade with
neighboring islands and regions, exchanging
goods, technologies, and cultural practices.
3. Animistic Beliefs: Pre-colonial Leyte was
characterized by animistic beliefs, where
indigenous peoples worshipped nature spirits,
ancestral deities, and other supernatural
beings. Rituals, ceremonies, and spiritual
practices were integral parts of daily life,
shaping social norms and cultural practices.
4. Material Culture: Pre-colonial Leyte had
a rich material culture, with indigenous
peoples crafting various tools, weapons,
pottery, and ornaments using locally available
resources. Artifacts such as pottery shards,
stone tools, and jewelry have been discovered
in archaeological sites across the province,
providing insights into ancient lifestyles and
craftsmanship.

5. Oral Traditions and Legends: Leyte’s

pre-colonial heritage is preserved through
oral traditions, myths, and legends passed
down through generations. These stories often
feature heroic figures, mythical creatures, and
epic battles, reflecting the values, beliefs, and
experiences of the indigenous peoples of
Leyte.
1. PAMAMANHIKAN - a Filipino tradition
where the man and his family visit the
woman's family to ask for their blessing
for marriage. It's a chance for both
families to meet and talk about
wedding plans

2. ALBULARYO - An albularyo is a
traditional healer in the Philippines
who uses natural remedies like herbs,
massages, and prayers to treat illnesses
and ailments. They're respected in
communities for their knowledge of
traditional medicine and often provide
healthcare services to people who
prefer alternative treatments.

3. PAMAHIIN - Pamahiin are beliefs or

superstitions commonly held in Filipino
culture. They're ideas about good or bad
luck, often passed down through
generations. People might follow pamahiin
to avoid bad luck or attract good fortune,
even though they're not based on science.

4. BARANGAY - Barangays are small

communities in the Philippines, kind of like
neighborhoods or villages. They're made
up of houses and people who live and work
together. Each barangay has a leader
called a barangay captain who helps make
decisions and takes care of issues in the
community.

5. HOSPITALITY - Filipino hospitality is

all about warmth and generosity towards
guests. Filipinos love to welcome visitors
with open arms, offering them food,
drinks, and a comfortable place to stay.
They treat guests like family, making sure
they feel at home and well taken care of.