Northern Technical University

Technical College / Kirkuk

Electronic & Control Eng. Dept

Numerical Analysis
Third Stage

Lecture (6) / Interpolation

Presented by :- Dr.Tabreer Tareq Hasan
tabreer.tareq23@ntu.edu.iq
 Interpolation
• Interpolation is the procedure of discovering additional data points within a range of
discrete sets of data points.
• It is a method for determining an approximation of a mathematical statement by using any
intermediate value for the independent variable.
• The fundamental purpose of interpolation is to determine what extra data exists outside of
the data that has been obtained.
• This strategy is used by many professionals, including photographers, scientists,
mathematicians, and engineers.
• One typical use is in picture scaling, where one interpolates the next location of a pixel
depending on the provided positions of pixels in an image.
• we will study
• Lagrange Interpolation.
• Newton’s divided difference interpolation
What is Lagrange Interpolation?
The interpolation method is used to find the new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data
points.

Lagrange Interpolation is a way of finding the value of any function at any given point when the function is
not given. We use other points on the function to get the value of the function at any required point.

Lagrange's theorem may be used for both equally and unequally spaced locations. This indicates that the xs
values are not uniformly distributed. It is a technique for estimating a mathematical expression that uses any
approximate state for the independent variable. Interpolation is mostly used to identify what additional data
may exist outside of the received data.
Lagrange Interpolation Formula
Example1 : Using Lagrange’s interpolation formula find y(2.7) from the following table:

X 2 2.5 3
F(X) 0.69315 0.91629 1.09861
Example2 : Using Lagrange’s interpolation formula find y(301) from the following table:

X 300 304 305 307

F(X) 2.4771 2.4829 2.4843 2.4871
HW: Using Lagrange’s interpolation formula find y(10) from the following table:

X 5 6 9 11
F(X) 12 13 14 16
 Newton’s divided difference interpolation formula

is an interpolation technique used when the interval difference is not same for all sequence of values. Suppose
f(x0), f(x1), f(x2)………f(xn) be the (n+1) values of the function y=f(x) corresponding to the arguments x=x0, x1,
x2…xn, where interval differences are not same

Then the first divided difference is given by

The second divided difference is given by

Newton's Divided Difference Interpolation formula

 Example2 : Use Newton’s divided difference formula to find F( 4) Consider the data in the following table:

Newton’s Divided Difference Formula

First, we construct the divided-difference table from this data. The divided differences in the table are computed as
follows:
The zeroth divided difference

The first divided difference

Second, The resulting divided-difference table is

Third, It follows that the interpolating polynomial Pn( x)can be obtained using the Newton divided-difference formula as
follows:
Example 2:
3
Use Newton’s divided difference formula to show that an interpolation for 20 from the data in the following table:

X 0 1 8 27 64
F(X) 0 1 2 3 4
Hw: use Newton's divided difference to estimate F(-1.5) from the data in the following table:

X -1 0 1 2
F(X) 3 -4 5 -6