charter 6
Mean Value Theorems and Expansions
of Functions
El ntropuction™
Calculus is one of the most beautiful intellectual achievements of Mathematicians and it deals with the
mathematical study of change, motion, growth or decay etc. One of the most important ideas of
differential calculus is derivative which measures the rate of change of a given function and concept of
derivative is very useful in engineering, science, economics, medicine and computer science. There are
‘many real valued functions of a real variable which are continuous in a finite and closed interval (a, b]
and also derivable on the open interval (a, b). Such functions possess some interesting and very useful
properties and these properties are formulated in the form of theorems known as mean value theorems.
In this chapter we shall deal with Rolle’s theorem, Lagrange’s mean value theorem which connects the
average rate of change of a function over an interval with the instantaneous rate of change of the
function at a point within that interval, Taylor's theorem (generalized mean value theorem) which
enables us to express any differentiable function in power series, namely Taylor's and Maclaurin’s
series.
[EG] Roite’s THEOREM
Let f be a function defined on a finite closed interval (a, 6) satisfying the following conditions:
(i) f(x) is continuous for allxinaSxo0 a
x and tan ™ is undefined, where 0< *
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