Evaluating Definite Integrals

Now that you already know how to

evaluate indefinite integrals, evaluation
of definite integrals becomes very easy!
All you have to do is drop the constant
C of the indefinite integral and affix the
symbol for evaluation _ ab ,where a
and b are the lower and upper limits of
integration respectively.
There are two ways of solving definite
integrals. You may use the original
variable, or you may change the
variable when integration by
substitution is used. Look at the
following examples…
Example:
1.
2

0
2

0
Example:
2
2. 1 ( 2x  1)3dx
let u = 2x – 1 du = 2dx or du/2 = dx
Substitute:
2 b 1 u4 b
1 (2x  1) dx  a u (du / 2)  2  4
3 3

a
1 2
Substitute back u:  ( 2x  1) 4
8 1
1 4  1 
  ( 2  2  1)    ( 2  1  1) 4 
8  8 
1 1
 (3) 4  (1) 4
8 8
= 10
  /2
3.  /3 cos3 x sin xdx
let u  cos x du   sin xdx  du  sin xdx
 /2 b u 4 b
 /3 cos a
3
x sin xdx  u 3 ( du)  
4 a
Substitute back u:
(cos x) 4  /2

4  /3

     
4
 
4
  cos     cos  
  
2    3 
 
 4   4 
   
   

 (0) 4   (1/ 2) 4  1
   
 4   4  64
4. Case 3: Solvable Group of Integrals
1 1 1

4 2
sin x cos xdx  x  sin 4x  sin 3 2x  C
16 64 48
/2
0

0 0
5. Case 1: Solvable Group of Integrals
cos3 x cos5 x
 sin x cos xdx   3  5  C
3 2

/2
0

0 0
WALLIS’ FORMULA

Where,
Ω , if both m and n are positive even integers

Otherwise,
Ω
Conditions: Integrals must be either sin or cos or combined.
The coefficient of the included angle must be 1.
The limits must be from 0 to /2.
Evaluate the following
1.
m = 4 & n = 2,

2.
m = 3 & n = 2, therefore Ω = 1

∙1
3.

𝟔𝟑 𝝅
= 𝟓𝟏𝟐

4.
m = 3 & n = 6, therefore Ω = 1

∙1
Practice Exercise XII:
4 1/ 2 dx
1
1/ 2
1. (5x  3x
4
 7)dx 6. 0
1  x2

 /4 2 e x dx
2. 0 sin xdx 7. 0 e x  1
10.
3 x 0 dx
3. 
1
2 dx 8. 1 1  2x
11.
1 dx  /3
4. 0 4  x 2 9.  /6 cos 2xdx
12.
1/ 2
5. 0 sec x tan xdx 10.
1
93
9  xdx