HCHEMO ACADEMY DE KIEM TRA DINH Ki LAN 1/2024 Mén: HOA HOC VO CO Ney thi: 30/03/2024 Thoi gian lam bai: 180 phitt (khdng ké thai gian giao dé, pETHICHINHTHUC 2? gom ca théi gian scan) ‘Dé thi gdm 6 0S c4u, in trong 21 trang. Cau hoi va phan bé diém: Cau hoi ‘Tieu dé bai ‘Téng diém Phan tram ‘Clu tao chat - Dai cwong 1 aats 7 4 20% héa hoc 2 Nhigt héa hoc 4 20% 3 Pin dign hoa 3 20% 4 DOng héa hoc 4 20% 5 Phan tich 5 20% Tong 100% = Chie céc ban may man nha!! -10-1 ‘Téc d6 anh séng trong chan khong © =3,0.10%m.s! Hing sé Plank h= 6,626.1074J.s Dign tich nguyén 16 = 1,602.109C Hang 6 dign méi = 8,854.10? F.m-1 Khdi lugng electron m= 9,109.10! kg Khdi lugng proton mp = 1,673.10" kg, Khdi lugng notron Mn = 1,675.1077 kg. Hang s6 Avogadro Na = 6.022.10° mot! Hang s6 Boltzmann kp= 1,381.10 1K? Hing s6 Faraday F = 96485 C.mol! Hing of uit R=8314 .KLmol! = 8,206.10? L.atm.K"!.mol! ‘Don vi khdi Iwong nguyén tir lu = 1,6605.10" kg ‘Ap suat chuan p’= 1 bar = 10° Pa= 750.062 torr Ap sudt khi quyén Pam = 101325 Pa Nhigt d6 theo Celcius 0°C=273K ‘Angstrong 1A°= 10m Nano mét nm = 10% m Pico mét 1 pm= 10m Electron Volt TeV= 1,602.10 Pi m=3,14Céiu tao chat - Dai cwong hod hoc Qti-l 7 Y TI 12 13 14 Tong Cin Tang 1 | 1233 | 07] 1 4 apg, | Thang ifm : Diém cham 1. Doi véi Khi li tudng, tin s6 va cham ciia n6 véi bé mat duge cho bai cOng thire: = Trong dé: +p: [a ép sudt (Pa); + Ts la nhigt 46 cia ki (K); + m: la khdi lugng cita phan tir khi (kg); + ky hing sé Boltzmann = 1,3806.10 = Cho bidt: t= 3,14. a, Xéc dinh don vj clia Zut na (bigu di theo don vim vas).© Q12 - Trong truéng hyp ctia mot bénh nhan cap ciru duge hé hap bang may tho oxi. Phéi ctia ngudi cé dign tich bé mt hosing 75 m?, M6t nguoi inh thuémg tho Khoding 5 gidy, nhigt d6 trong bgnh vign 1a 20°C. ~ Gili sir: Ap suit trong phéi gitt khong ddi bing 4p suit khi quyén 1a 1,013 bar khi thé va khi oxi duge coi Ia Ii tuting. b, Tinh sé long va cham ctia cdc phan tir oxi voi bé mit cua phdi trong mot Han tho. 2, Dong vi phong xa “"°Bi 1a san phim ciia qua trinh phan ra “!°Pb roi no tiép tye phn rd fb dé sinh ra 21Po, Sau dd 2Po cing sé tiép tuc phan r3 dé cudi cing thu duge déng vi bén Pb. 210pp ——P _» 20; ___B_,_ 2p) ___@ _. 2056p, = 22,3 nim Ty2=5,01 ngay Ty 2=138,4 ngay ‘Mot miu 2!°Bi tinh khiét phong xa da duge diéu ché tir Pb va sau d6 n6 tiép tue phong x9 ra 2"°Po, Miu 2Bi ban diu c6 4 phong xa 100pCi ‘a, Hay tinh khdi Ivong ban dau cua mau "Bi, Bai Kam:© Q13 Hay tinh thoi diém ma s6 nguyén tir “Po Ta cue dai va s6 nguyén tirPo la bao nhiéu? BaiQ1-4 3. Sy ton tai cia hgp chat AgSO, van dang la mt chi dé rat duge quan tim. Derzsi va cOng sy da dua ra ba kha nang sau: Ag(II)SOs, Ag(1)2$20x vi Ag(I)Ag(IIDSOs. Hay xéc dinh momen tir cua timg kha nang (manheton Bohr) va cho biét 6 thé phan biét duge timg kha nang chi dya trén duy nhat gid tri spin hay khong ? iam: 4. A la hop chat tao nén tir 2 nguyén t6 X va Y, ti lg ban kinh ion X va Y trong tinh thé li ry : ry = 1,772. Té bao tinh thé A ¢6 49 dc khit la 68.27%, duge mé ta 6 hinh bén, dang hinh h6p chit nhat voi a= b= 4.59 A. Khéi Iuong rigng cia A 1A 4.32 glem?. A duge sir dung nbur chét phy gia cho kem chéng ning, ding thisi A c6 vai trd to Kin trong nén cong nghigp luygn kim, dic bigt trong nginh hing khéng. Xie dinh ban kinh ion X, ¥ trong A. Xéc dinh céng thire chat A.© Q2-1 Hoa ee Y 21 | 22 Tong ia Thang digm | 2 2 a 20% Digm chim 1. Trong 18 bao sinh hoe, ning long thodt ra boi qua trinh oxi héa cia méu duge hu tri trong adenosine triphosphate (ATP hodc ATP). Hoat déng chi yéu cia ATP la kha ning mat nhém phosphate cudi cing boi qua trinh thily phan va hinh think adenosine diphosphate ( ADP hoje ADP* ): ATP® +0 > ADP?+ HPO: + HO" 7 VA 37°C nding Iugng Gibbs va enthalpy cla qué trinh thiy phan lan lugt la: A,G= -31 KJ.mol'! va 4/H= -20 kI.mol", Trong digu kign nay, khi thiy phan | mol ATP* thu duge 31K nang lugng, né ¢6 thé duge ding dé thye hign céng cé ich( vi dy cho qua trinh téng hgp protein tir ce amino acid hoe cho sy co co va nhiing hogt dong tri 6c eiia nao b9), a. Tinh va xe dinh dau cia entropy cla qué trinh thay phan cua ATP tai pH = 7 VA 310K. Bai lam: b. Gia sir ring, ban kinh cia t€ bao sinh hoe dign hinh 1a 10jm va chira trong nd 10° phan tir ATP bi thay phan mdi gidy. Tinh mat 46 cap ning long eta té bao theo don vi Wim’, (so sinh voi mat 46 cdp ning Ingng cha mot pin mAy tinh e6 thé tich 100em! cong suit ISW ),© Q22 ¢. Qua trinh hinh thanh glutamine tir glutamate va ion amonium can ding 14,2 kJ.mol! nang lrgng. Nang lugng nay duge chuyén tir qua trinh thay phin ATP thinh ADP xiic tic bai enzyme * glutamine synthetase ”, Bao nhiéu phan tir ATP phai bi thay phan 48 tgo durge 1 phn tir glutamine, Bai,© Q23 2. Phan img Heck la m6t phan ting ghép cap chéo, durge diing dé tgo ra cae lién két don carbon-carbon, Phuong trinh phan tmg téng quat duge cho dui day: Pd(OAc)» PPhy ba -X ki higu cho mot nh6m réi di rit t6t (vi du nhur iodide, bromide hoge tosylate). Bay la phan iing durge xtie tée bai palladium, e6 ca ché rit phite tap. Sau day, phan img Heck etia phenyl iodide v6i n-butyl acrylate duge nghién ciru chi tiét hon, M6t co ché kha di duge dua ra duéi day trong chu trinh x cca phan ting. ki, ko va ks ki higu cae hing s6 téc d6 cita cde phan img co ban tuomg img. L ki higu cia mét phi tir trung héa, khéng tryc tiép tham gia vao phan img, vi dy nhu PPhs. n-butyl acrylate ciing li mOt phdi tir trung héa, géc phenyl ld mot phdi tir dign tich -1 A—X + AYR MAAR tae a, Vi mdi tiéu phan palladium hogt dng (1 dn 3), hay chi ra trang thai oxi héa eta palladium trang thai oxi héa hay ghi oxide héa day. Bai bb. Ap dung trang thai gid-6n dinh (quasi-steady state) cho cde trung gian 1, 2, 3, ching minh ring sy tigu thy phenyl iodide c6 thé biéu dign theo: [Pht aks [PhI] [A] [Pages dt Raky(A] + kyke [Pbl] [A] + kk [Pal]© Q2-5 ¢. Xae dinh bac phan ting biét ndng d6 cia A rat abo. Bai 10© Q3-1 Héa hgc phan tich 7 a 31 32 Tong Cau 3: Thang diém | 15 15 3 20% he Diém chim 1. Dé nghién ei GFAJ-1 (mot loai vi khudn e6 kha ning chju duge néng 49 cao arsenic) trong phong thi nghigm, ngudi ta tién hinh pha cée dung dich bing eich trn dung dich NaOH 0,5 M (dung dich A) voi dung dich HsAsOs 0,5 M (dung dich B) ‘Thém mot lugng thé tich xe dinh dung dich A va B vao trong binh dink mite v6i thé tich 100 mL. Sau 46 thém vao nurée cat dén vach va tron ki. Két qua thu duge dung dich C véi pH = 10,4 va ting ndng 46 As(V) 180,04 M. a, Tinh thé tich (mL) dung dich A va B da duge ding dé pha dung dich C, Cho biét: HsAsOs 06 pKay = 2,19; pKa = 6,94; pKas = 11,5. BA - Mot trong nhiing phucmg php ma cdc doanh nghigp luyén kim sir dung dé loai bd arsenic khoi nude thai ld két tia chung dudi dang Cas(AsOs)2 (Ksp_ nay 1a d6 tan cita Cax(AsO4): edn phu thude ding ké vio pH, do 46 ma khi ciing c6 thé khién Ca(AsO,)> tré thinh nguon arsenic gay 6 nhiém méi trudng, = Cho 100 mL. dung dich dém e6 pH = 5,6 khdng chita arsenic va calcium vio mt miu Cas(AsO4)s 66 khdi luong 10 gam. b, Tinh dé tan (g/L) ea Cas(AsO»): trong dung dich dém, ~ Gia sit: Thanh phan cua dung dich dém khéng tham gia vio céc can bang canh tranh, 24-10? , Nhuge diém cia vige ding phuong php ben ngoai thay ddi su iWQ32 2. Cye phd 1a mot Ki thudt duge ap dung dé xde dinh cde ion kim loai. The giita mét catot thuy ngin chay gigt va mét anot la bé thuy ngan bién thign (vi Gu, tir 0,0 dén ~1,5 V), va str thay di thé tong img trong cumg d6 ding J, duge do. Khi cdc chat o6 thé bi khir hign dign trong dung dich, sé c6 sw ting dot bién cong dO dng & mot thé nao d6. Cée eung 49 ding do dye phu thuge vao thé J = E) (giin dd thé phan eye) duge dic tring béi chigu cao sing (cm), hot cuémg 49 déng phan tén Feax (4), ti 18 v6i nBng d9 cba ion digm gitta cia song Ev (thé nira sng) phy thude vao bban chit eta chat phan tich. chua biét, va. bait — So dd dung cu dé phan tich sy phan cye: 1 —té bao dign hod (véi dign cye 14 bé thuy ngdn; 2— dign ‘ewe thuy ngin nho gigt; 3 —b6 do pin; 4 ~_b6 do thé; 5 — nguén dign, 12© Q33 ~ Mét lgng can PbCh duge ho’ tan trong 100 mL. (Vo) dung dich KNOs 1 M (mudi duge str dung dé dam bao kha nang dan dign), M6t mau 10,00 mL (1) cua dung dich 43 chuan bj duge chuyén vao té bao dign hoa va tién hanh phép do phn tich phan ewe. Thé phan cue thu duge cho thay cé chiéu cao 5,0 mm (/n). Sau khi thém 4,50 mL (V3) dung dich PbCh (c2 = 3 mg/L) vio té bao, chigu cao song 18 8,1 mm (2). a. Thiét lp cOng thie va tinh kh6i Iugng PbCI2 da ding cho phép phan Bai bb, Tinh tich s6 tan (K,) cia PbCh, néu s6ng ca 43 thi phan ewe duge ghi trong qué trink phin tich dung dich bao hod KNOs 1 M c6 gia tri Fx = 43,2 wA. Néu mot dung dich chun PbCle (5,0 mM) durge phan tich 6 trong ciing diéu kign, Fux = 13,6 HA. Bai lam: 1B© Q4-1 Héa hge phin tich at Y 41 42 Tong "au 4: 7 do% | Thang diém | 2 2 a Digm chim 1. Mot dung dich chita dng théi ca Fe?’ va Fe*’ e6 ndng dé ban dau déu bing 0.1 M; dura pH cua dung dich lén gid tri pH = 10 (coi thé tich cua dung dich khéng déi). ‘a, Tinh néng d6 cdc ion sit va thé oxid hod khit cua cp Fe™/Fe®* tai pH = 10, = Cho biét: Tich s6 tan cita Fe(OH) va Fe(OH): lan hugt bing 107 va 108. B® esses 44av. O77 Vs Beraure= Bai lam: 14© Q 4-2 bb. Nguoi ta dura mt hung du mat sit vio dung dich trén (pH van duge gitt khong d6i 6 pH = 10 ). Hign tugng gi cé thé xay ra tai theri diém do, giai ~ Tinh néng 46 cae ion va thanh phan cua két Bai am: 15© Q4-3 2. Phuong phip chuiin dé iodide va chuan 46 véi methyl da cam (MO) durge str dung 48 xc dinh him Iugng chlorine hoat dong trong nude. Trong trudmg hop dau tién, chuyén 0,5 gam KI vao 100 mL nude cin phan tich, hé duge giit 6 pH 4,5 bai dém acetate, rdi chudin d6 iodine giai phong bing dung dich NasS:0s 0,005 M. Khi chudn d6 véi MO thi nhé 2 3 gigt HCI 5 M vao 100 mL nude can phan tich, 154 chun 49 v6i dung dich MO 0,005 % - bi mat mau trong diéu kign nay. Diém cudi cia chudin d6 twong img voi sy xudt hign mau hing \ gto Or MO / ‘a. Tai sao chuan dé iodine phai tién hanh ¢ pH 4,5 nhung khéng phai trong mdi trudng cé tinh acid cao hon hode ¢6 tinh ki n? Vit phuong trinh ciia cde phan ting phy e6 thé xy ra, Bai b. Vigt phuong trinh cic phin img xay ra trong phép chudn d9 chlorine theo hai phueng phip mo td ich methyl da cam dé chun 4 100 ‘mt trong cée sn phim cia phan Cha g ring can 0,5 mL dung dich thiosulfate hoe 4,61 mL dung mL mi nue chita 1 mg/L chlorine hoa tan, va nitrogen phan ti {ing gitta MO véi chlorine. 16© Q 4-4 ¢. Mot trong hai phuwong php durge ding dé xac dinh lugng chlorine hoat dong ty do (tng cae dang Cla, HCIO va C1O-duge tao ra tir chlorine) va m6t dai lwong khac - chlorine hoat dng tng (chlorine ty do + "chloramine" [dan xuat chlorine cua ammonia)). i. Phuong phap nio 6 trén (chun d6 iodine hay MO) duye ding dé xic dinh chlorine ty do va chlorine téng? Biét ring thé dign cye chun eta cp "MO - sin phim oxid héa cla n6" lén hon ep 13/21. i. Dang chloramine chlorine nao c6 thé t6n tai trong hé? Viet phurong trinh phan ting tao thanh ching tir qui trinh chlorine héa nguén nude thé ban dau. ili, Thiét lap cong thie tinh him Iugng (theo mg/L) chloran ding dé chudn 49 hai miu, mdi mau déu chia 100 mL nude edn phn tich. ine chlorine theo thé tich Na>$20x va MO Bai 1am: W© Q5-1 Hoa hoc nguyen t6 + Y 31 52) Tong Cans: Thang 2 3 3 a ang digm 2 Digm chim - Phan img cita don chit X trong HNOs dic tao thanh don axit Al tuong déi manh. Axit nay mat nude hhoan ton 6 240°C bién thanh anhidrit A2 (chia 23,95% khdi lung 18 oxi). Dun néng Al véi oleum thu duge hyp chat A3, trong khi phan img giita A1 va dom chit X trong H2SOsdie tyo ra Ad. A3 va AS déu tao thanh tir ba logi nguyén t6 véi phan tram khéi lugng ciia nguyén té X va oxi trong A3 li 51,42%; 35,63% va trong Ad 1a 66,49%: 25,13%. 1. Xée dinh cée hgp chit Al — Ad va viét phuong trinh h6a hge cho ede plain ting xay ra Bai lam: 18© Q5-2 ~ Dun néng han hop lu hujnh voi AgF 6 125°C thu duge khi ZA c6 ti khéi hoi so véi khi helium bing 25,5. Khi cd mat long du KF, Z1 dé dng phan héa thinh Z2. Cac Lewis acid nh HF, BF xc tic su phan hay 22 thanh luu huynh va khi Z3. ZB. Noe a a 71142 yy Fe CCIF.CSE 75 Z6 (oxide) | ST z9 120s eae zz ‘a, Xde dinh céng thite phan tir cua cde chat chua biét. Vé céng thire cdu trie cdc chat tir Z1 wi 27. ho biét: 24 — Z9 déu duge tyo thinh tir3 nguyén 16 Hop chat Yoms ZA 18,2% 22,38% B 17.88% Bai 1am: 19.© Q5-3 b. Z11 phan img voi F: va AgF» 6 450K tao ra Z12, Sau d6 Z12 phan img tiép vei Z11 thu duge chat 6 cau tao gan tuong ty Z6. G 393K Z11 phan cat tao ra gc tu do hogt déng. Xac dinh Z11 va dé xuat é am khi cho Z11 phan tmg voi Cl: 393K. 20© Q5-4 ¢. Cfic oxide quan trong nhat cua yu huynh la SO2 va SOs ngoai ra cn mOt vai oxide khong on dinh vi du nhu $:0 va $0. Vé cau trac ca $0 va SsO va dé xuat mot phuong phap diéu ché SsO tir Iuu huynh, _--- HET ----—-. i sinh Khong diege sie dung tai ligu; Gi thi khong gidi thich gi thém. 21