CDM - VIB - Rotor dynamics

Rotor dynamics

Arnaud Deraemaeker
Arnaud.Deraemaeker@ulb.be

Machines with rotors

Refrigeration compressor rotor Jet engines

Machine tools Electricity power plant

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CDM - VIB - Rotor dynamics

JEFCOTT ROTOR
WITHOUT DAMPING

Equivalent model

Equivalent stiffness of the shaft ?

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CDM - VIB - Rotor dynamics

Equivalent stiffness of beams

http://home.eng.iastate.edu/~shermanp/STAT447/STAT%20Articles/Beam_Deflection_Formulae.pdf

Equivalent model

K=48EI/L3

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CDM - VIB - Rotor dynamics

Free whirling

Complex coordinates

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CDM - VIB - Rotor dynamics

Complex coordinates – free whirling

Forward whirl Backward whirl

Complex coordinates – unbalance response

Critical speed

subcritical supercritical

Disc rotates around Disc rotates around center of

geometrical center mass (self-centering effect)

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CDM - VIB - Rotor dynamics

Estimation of the critical speed

• When both the mass and static stiffness are known :

• Measure the free response to a hammer test
• Measure the static deflection
• Rotate the shaft and increase speed (dangerous)

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Estimation of the critical speed

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CDM - VIB - Rotor dynamics

JEFCOTT ROTOR WITH

VISCOUS DAMPING

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Damping models

Non-rotating damping

Translation

Rotating damping
Rotation

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CDM - VIB - Rotor dynamics

Jefcott rotor with damping

Express rotation damping in fixed frame :

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Jefcott rotor with damping

Complex stiffness
= negative damping
Rotating damping performs two tasks:

1. dissipating energy
2. transferring energy from the rotation of the system to its vibration

Possibility of instability
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CDM - VIB - Rotor dynamics

Jefcott rotor with damping : free whirling

The system is stable (σ1<0) if

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Jefcott rotor with damping : free whirling

Non-dimensional values

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CDM - VIB - Rotor dynamics

Jefcott rotor with damping : free whirling

Campbell diagram Decay rate plot

For increasing rotation speed, the imaginary part remains

unchanged, but the forward whirl becomes unstable ! 19

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Jefcott rotor with damping : root locus

Evolution of
the poles
with
increasing
rotor speed

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CDM - VIB - Rotor dynamics

Jefcott rotor with damping : unbalance response

Only translation damping

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SUMMARY

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CDM - VIB - Rotor dynamics

Jefcott rotor summary

• Rotation speed is critical when it corresponds to a resonance

• Without damping: the resonances do not depend on the rotation frequency
• With rotating damping: resonances depend on rotation and one pole becomes
unstable for high rotation speed

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