Step 1: Let’s look at a Typical Motor

Stator
Cooling Fan

Rotor

Encoder Bearings

1PH7 Cut away view

What did we learn?
 Three Couplings
 Mechanical: Between Load and Rotor
 Magnetic: Between Rotor and Stator
 Electrical: Stator and Inverter (Drive)

 The strength of these couplings, will dictate how tightly the

Load can be controlled
 High Performance Motors
Overview
cU
SIMOVERT MASTERDRIVES VC
L
Compact
asynchronous through motor cooling
motors force cooled
1PH4 IP55 / IP23
1PH7 / 1PL6 IP 65 (water-cooled)

self cooled /
Premium
servo motors
1FT forced cooled
IP64 to IP67 / IP54
1FT6

Standard
servo motors 1FK self cooled
1FK6 SIMOVERT IP64 or IP65
MASTERDRIVES MC
0.7 5.0 7.0 46.4 81 (water- 288 (1PH7) 400 HP (1PL6)
0.5 3.7 5.2 34.6 61 cooled) 215 300 kW
Dynamic - typical acceleration factors

10
IPL6
5

standard
induction motor
1PA6
(acceleration factor)
x 1000

1 DC motor
Tmax / J
1/s2

0,5

0,1
1 10 100 P/HP at 1500 min -1
Step 2: Understanding the Single Line Diagram of a
Motor

Stator and Cable Impedance Rotor Impedance

I Measured Component Dependant

I Load on Slip
Volts/Hz Magnetizing Reactance

I mag

Volts /Hz
Configuration
Step 2: Understanding the Single Line Diagram of a
Motor

Cable Impedance Armature Impedance

I Field

I Arm
Armature Field

DC Motor Configuration
Step 2: Understanding the Single Line Diagram of a
Motor

Stator and Cable Impedance Rotor Impedance

Component Dependant
isq Quadrature on Slip

isd Direct Magnetizing Reactance

Vector Configuration
Step 2: Understanding the Single Line Diagram of a
Motor

Stator and Cable Impedance Rotor Impedance

isd
isq
Magnetizing
Component Dependant Reactance
on Slip

Vector Control Looks Like a DC Motor

What did we learn?
 An AC Motor using Vector Control Mimics a DC Motor
 Advantage: AC Motor’s ROTOR weighs less than the DC
Motor’s ARMATURE; therefore faster acceleration or speed
reversals.
 AC Motor Maintenance schedule is more attractive than DC
Motor
Step 3: Typical Speed Torque Curves?

Nema B
Torque %
250

200

150
Nema B
100

50

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Hz
Step 3: The “Little” Triangle
Triangle

250

200

150
Triangle
100

50

0
50 52 54 56 58 60

Rated Rotor Nameplated Speed Slip Rated Stator Speed

What did we learn?
 Slip is a RPM Value not % of speed. (ie: 1785 RPM motor
has 15 RPM of Slip)
 The “Little” triangle not only describes the rated speed
conditions but any condition on the speed/torque curve
including Zero Speed.
 In the previous example the numbers were distorted to make it
easier to see. 100% Torque point is at 57.5 Hz. For a 4 pole
motor Rated Nameplate speed would then be
(120*57.5/4)=1725 RPM. Slip would equal 1800-1725=75
RPM.
 To develop full torque at zero speed 75 RPM of slip would be
required.
Why use an Encoder / Tachless Mode or
Volts/Hz?
 Each Mode has unique Advantages
 Volts/Hz
 No feedback required
 Accurate Motor Data not as important
 Torque at zero speed not required
 Tachless Mode
 No feedback required
 Tighter Speed Control
 Vector Mode with Encoder Feedback
 Required when actual numbers needed
 Better control at zero speed
Lets pick some applications, and see which
mode is best suited
 Fan
 Volts/Hz
 Centrifugal Pump
 Volts/Hz
 Positive Displacement Pump
 Vector
 Extruder
 Vector or Vector with Encoder
 Crane - Hoist
 Vector with Encoder
 Crane - Bridge
 Vector or Vector with Encoder
 Crane - Trolley
 Volts/Hz or Vector
Lets pick some applications, and see which
mode is best suited
 Winder - Payoff Stand
 Vector with Feedback
 Winder - Rear Drum
 Vector with Feedback
 Winder - Front Drum
 Vector with Feedback
 Winder - Slitter
 Volts/Hz
 Wind-up Roll
 Volts/Hz
 Shafted Printing Press
 Vector or Vector with Encoder
 Stamping Press
 Vector with Encoder
Lets pick some applications, and see which
mode is best suited
 Conveyors
 Volts/Hz or Vector or Vector with Feedback
 Wire Drawing Machinery
 Vector with Feedback
 Ball Mills, Kilns
 Vector or Vector with Feedback
 Plywood
 Vector with Encoder
 Lathe
 Vector with Encoder
 Synchronizing to the AC Line
 Vector with Encoder
 Speed Mode / Torque Mode Transfer
 Vector with Encoder
You Pick An Application?