FULL YEAR of

High School GEOMETRY

GEOMETRY FORMULA &
REFERENCE PACKET
7 pages of formulas, theorems, visuals and tricks! Must-have for students preparing for
end of course exams!
Created by: KoltyMath
 KoltyMath

GEOMETRY
REFERENCE SHEET
Coordinate Geometry
Distance Formula/Length Midpoint Formula
D= x2 − x1 2 + (y2 − y1 )2 x +x y1 +y2
xm , ym = ( 1 2, )
2 2
Pythagorean theorem
can replace the
Finding the endpoint
distance formula.
(–4, 2)
+5 –7
a2 + b2 = c2
(1,–5) Visual Method
+5 –7
Partitioning formula ? (6,–12)
Px = x1 + k(x2 – x1) m=2
Py = y1 + k(y2 – y1) Slope Formula
y2 − y1 rise
m= =
x2 − x1 run

Types of Slope
Mr. Slope Guy

Ratio a:b
Ratio AP:PB = 2:3

Negative – Positive + Undefined Zer0

x = –2 y=2

Linear Equations
Slope-Intercept Form
y = mx + b
Point-Slope Form
y − y1 = m(x − x1 )
𝟒 𝟔 𝟐 𝐀𝐏 Part b
= = =
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟓 𝟓 𝐀𝐁 Whole y=–½x+2
k
 KoltyMath

Transformations
Translations: “shift” Reflections: “FLIP”
(x,y)  (x + a, y + b) (x,y)  ______
+

Orientation Changes
– + 3
Ry-axis (–x,y)

after a Reflection
– Rx-axis (x,–y)
3
Clockwise Counterclockwise Ry=x (y,x)
Rotations: “turn” – + Ry=-x (–y,–x)
(x,y)  ______ (centered at origin) You can always use a visual counting method instead of
using rules for reflections.
R90/-270 (–y,x)
R180/-180 (–x,–y) Dilations: “Grow/Shrink” Only Non-Rigid Transformation
R270/-90 (y,–x)
(x,y)  (kx, ky) (centered at origin)
When you connect the pre-image and image to the new
center of rotation, you form the degree of rotation. Scale Factor (k) =
old
Only non-rigid transformation. Dilations enlarge or
Remember: you can also perform rotations
shrink your object and form SIMILAR FIGURES.
centered at the origin by turning your paper.
Image, Pre-image and Center of Dilation are collinear.

Right Triangles
Pythagorean Theorem k=2

a2 + b2 = c2
To perform dilations not centered at the origin, you can
plot the center and pre-image points and use rise and
run to find the image points. Option 2, use the formula:
Converse of the Pythagorean theorem x’ = a + k(x – a) y’ = b + k(y – b)
To determine if the triangle is acute, right or obtuse
from the side lengths only. Center of Dilation: (a,b)
Pre-image Point: (x,y)
Image Point: (x’,y’)

Notice: when you connect

the pre-image and image
points with a line, the point
of intersection for all three
lines is the center of
dilation (0,-2).