LATE SHREE FAKIRBHAI PANSARE EDUCATION FOUNDATION’S

COLLEGE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY, NIGDI, PUNE 2021-2022

“PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF REARFOOT ALIGNMENT AND

ITS EFFECT ON STATIC AND DYNAMIC STABILITY IN ROLLER
HOCKEY PLAYERS BY USING Y BALANCE TEST- A PILOT STUDY”

PROJECT SUBMITTED TOWARDS FULLFILMENT OF

SUBJECT- MUSCULOSKELETAL PHYSIOTHERAPY
UNDER MAHARASHTRA UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, NASHIK

SUBMITTED BY
MS. PRAJAKTA SANJAY SHINDE

PROJECT GUIDE: DR. SHRUTI MULAOKAR

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF MUSCULOSKELETAL PHYSIOTHERAPY

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LATE SHREE FAKIRBHAI PANSARE EDUCATION FOUNDATION’S
COLLEGE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY, NIGDI, PUNE.

CERTIFICATE

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT MISS PRAJAKTA SANJAY SHINDE

HAS SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED HER PROJECT ON
“PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF REARFOOT ALIGNMENT AND
ITS EFFECT ON STATIC AND DYNAMIC STABILITY IN ROLLER
HOCKEY PLAYERS BY USING Y BALANCE TEST- A PILOT STUDY”

PROJECT SUBMITTED TOWARDS FULFILMENT OF

SUBJECT: MUSCULOSKELETAL PHYSIOTHERAPY
UNDER MAHARASHTRA UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,
NASHIK.

DR. VARSHA A. KULKARNI

PRINCIPAL PROFESSOR OF NEUROSCIENCES AND
NEUROLOGICALPHYSIOTHERAPY 2021-2022

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LATE SHREE FAKIRBHAI PANSARE EDUCATION FOUNDATION’S
COLLEGE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY, NIGDI, PUNE.

CERTIFICATE

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT MISS PRAJAKTA SANJAY SHINDE

HAS SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED HER PROJECT ON
“PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF REARFOOT ALIGNMENT AND
ITS EFFECT ON STATIC AND DYNAMIC STABILITY IN ROLLER
HOCKEY PLAYERS BY USING Y BALANCE TEST- A PILOT STUDY”

PROJECT SUBMITTED TOWARDS FULFILMENT OF

SUBJECT: MUSCULOSKELETAL PHYSIOTHERAPY
UNDER MAHARASHTRA UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,
NASHIK.

DR. SHRUTI MULAOKAR

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF MUSCULOSKELETAL PHYSIOTHERAPY

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of any task would be incomplete
without mentioning of people whose ceaseless co-operation, guidance, and encouragement
crown all the efforts with success.
I would like to thank God, my parents, my guardians & my siblings for their undying
support and for being the guiding stars in my life.
I am extremely thankful to DR. ZOYA PANSARE, Director, Late Shree Fakirbhai Pansare
Education Foundation’s College of Physiotherapy, for giving us the opportunity as well as
permission to conduct this project.
I am extremely thankful to DR. VARSHA KULKARNI, Principal, Late Shree Fakirbhai
Pansare Education Foundation’s College of Physiotherapy, for giving us the opportunity as
well as permission to conduct this project.
I am deeply indebted to DR. SHRUTI MULAOKAR, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF
MUSCULOSKELETAL PHYSIOTHERAPY Department and Project Guide,
for this invaluable guidance and support, who has contributed her expertise in bringing out the
best of me in this piece of project work.
I also wish to express my feelings of gratitude, respect and affection to all my esteemed
professors for helping me in this venture. I thank my fellow batch mates for being the pillars
and providing constant motivation. I offer my regard to all those who supported me in any
respect during the completion of the study.

PRAJAKTA SANJAY SHINDE

(INTERN)
Late Shree Fakirbhai Pansare Education
Foundation’s College of Physiotherapy

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 INDEX
SR.N CONTENTS
O
1 INTRODUCTION
2 NEED OF STUDY
3 AIM
4 OBJECTIVE
5 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
6 RESEARCH QUESTION
7 HYPOTHESIS
8 METHODOLOGY
9 INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA
10 OUTCOME MEASURES
11 MATERIAL REQUIRED
12 PROCEDURE
13 DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT
14 DISCUSSION
15 CONCLUSION
16 LIMITATION OF STUDY
17 FUTURE SCOPE OF STUDY
18 REFERENCES
19 ANNEXURE I
20 ANNEXURE I (A)
21 ANNEXURE II
22 ANNEXURE II (A)
23 ANNEXURE III – MASTER CHART

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 INTRODUCTION
Roller hockey is a form of hockey played on a dry surface using wheeled skates. It can be
played with traditional roller skates or with inliner skates and use either a ball or a puck.
Combined, roller hockey is played in nearly 60 countries worldwide . [1][2][3] Roller hockey or
inline hockey is a variant of hockey played on a hard or smooth surface using inline skates to
move and ice hockey stick to shoot a hard, plastic puck into opponents’ goal to score points [1]
The sport is a very fast paced and free flowing game and is considered a contact sport, but
body checking is prohibited. There are five players including the goalkeeper from each team on
the rink at a time, while teams normally consist of 16 players .[2] There are professional leagues,
one of which is the National Roller Hockey League (NRHL). This along with fewer players on
the rink allows for faster gameplay. There are traditionally two 20-minute periods or four 10-
minutes periods with a stopped clock.
In sport such as roller hockey, which is characterized physiologically by its
intermittent nature, alternating the effort intensities between the aerobic and anaerobic regimes
with a predominance of short actions of maximum intensity makes it clear that power and
speed are physical qualities of extreme relevance for the physical performance of the players. [5]
[6]
Rearfoot is made up of talus and calcaneus. Talus is the uppermost bone of the foot which
connects the foot to the ankle by forming a joint with the tibia and fibula bones of the lower
leg. The ankle and the subtalar joints involved in ankle strategy for maintaining balance are
both located in the rearfoot, it was considered that the rearfoot alignment measured in both
weight bearing and non-weight bearing positions have a significant relationship to static and
dynamic postural stability. Both static and dynamic stability are maximally challenged in all
activities while playing roller hockey.[3] Balance has often been used as a measure of lower
extremity function and is defined as the process of maintaining the center of gravity within the
body's base of support.[3] To maintain upright stance, the central and peripheral components of
the nervous system are constantly interacting to control body alignment and the center of
gravity over the base of support.[4][5]Peripheral components in balance include the
somatosensory, visual, and vestibular systems.cconsidering that the foot is the most distal
segment in the lower extremity chain and represents a relatively small base of support upon
which the body maintains balance (particularly in single-leg stance), it seems reasonable that
even minor biomechanical alterations in the support surface may influence postural-control
strategies. Specifically, excessively supinated or pronated foot postures may influence
peripheral (somatosensory) input via changes in joint mobility or surface contact area [9] or,
secondarily, through changes in muscular strategies [6] to maintain a stable base of support. An
excessively supinated foot, characterized by a high arch and hypomobile midfoot, may not
adequately adapt to the underlying surface, increasing the demand on the surrounding
musculoskeletal structures to maintain postural stability and balance [6]. Postural stability has
emerged to be an important element in activities of daily living as well as for the sports
community, as it reduces the risk of falls and injury. It improves the performance of athletic
activities by providing essential balance. It has been postulated that foot alignment plays an
important role in postural stability [10].

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 NEED OF STUDY

The rearfoot alignment plays a role in postural stability. It is the ability to control the
position of the body in space for the purpose of movement and balance.

In this game, players postural stability plays an important role it is necessary to maintain the
static position and for assisting body co-ordination in dynamic position changes. Rearfoot
varus or valgus may have an influence on static and dynamic balance in this player and
might have a risk of fall and injury due to it.

As the rearfoot alignment plays a role in static and dynamic stability, it will make us
recognize whether the overall performance in the game is hampered due to the rearfoot
malalignment.

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 AIM AND OBJECTIVE

AIM
To find the effect of rearfoot alignment on static and dynamic stability in roller hockey
players with Y balance test.

OBJECTIVE
To find the effect of rearfoot alignment on static stability in roller hockey players with Y
balance test.

To find the effect of rearfoot alignment on dynamic stability in roller hockey players with Y
balance test.

To find whether there is static and dynamic stability in the roller hockey players due to
rearfoot mal-alignment with Y balance test.

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 RESEARCH QUESTION

Is there any static or dynamic stability in roller hockey players due to rearfoot mal-
alignment?

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 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

1. Karen P Cote, Michael E Brunet, Bruce M Gansneder, Sandra J Shultz study on

Effects of pronated and supinated foot postures on static and dynamic postural
stability. [2005]

The study concluded that, the foot is the most distal segment in the lower extremity chain
and represents a relatively small base of support on which the body maintains balance
(particularly in single-leg stance). Although it seems reasonable that even minor
biomechanical alterations in the support surface may influence postural-control strategies,
the implications of a hypermobile or hypomobile foot on balance have received little
attention to date.

2. Liang-Ching Tsai, Bing Yu, Vicki S Mercer, Michael T Gross study on Comparison
of different structural foot types for measures of standing postural control [2006]. The
study concluded that Individuals with pronated feet or supinated feet have poorer postural
control than individuals with neutral feet, but perhaps through different mechanisms.

3. Ana Paula Ribeiro, Francis Trombini-Souza, and Sílvia Maria Amado Joao study on
‘Rearfoot alignment and medial longitudinal arch configurations of runners with
symptoms and histories of plantar fasciitis’ [2011]

This study concluded that Runners with symptoms or histories of PF did not differ in
rearfoot valgus misalignments, but showed increases in the longitudinal plantar arch during
bipedal static stance, regardless of the presence of pain symptoms.

4. Gonul Babayigit Irez study on the relationship with balance, foot posture, and foot
size in school of physical education and sports students. [2014] The study concluded that
problems in foot posture may lead to some injuries by affecting balance or result in falls.
This can be very important both to athletes and in the future for elderly people.

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5.Gan Quan Fu, Yu Chye Wah, Sreenivasulu Sura, Saravanan Jagadeesan,
Elanchezhian Chinnavan, John Paul Evangel Judson study on ‘Influence of rearfoot
alignment on static and dynamic postural stability’. [2018]

This study concluded that Rearfoot alignment measured in non- weight bearing position
plays some role in postural stability and therefore should be considered in sports
rehabilitation. However, this can be overlooked in rehabilitation for individuals whose
postural stability is not the primary concern.

6. André Ferreira, Carla Enes, César Leão, Lillian Goncalves, Filipe Manuel Clemente,
Ricardo Lima, Pedro Bezerra, Miguel Camões study on Relationship between power
condition, agility, and speed performance among young roller hockey elite players
[2019]

The study concluded that Lower limbs explosive strength turned out a strong predictor of
skating linear speed and agility among young roller hockey players, providing a simple
evaluation tool of important determinants of performance.

7. Tong-Hsien Chow, Yih-Shyuan Chen, Chin-Chia Hsu study on Relationships

between plantar pressure distribution and rearfoot alignment in the Taiwanese college
athletes with plantar fasciopathy during static standing and walking. [2021]

They concluded that Characteristics of higher plantar loads beneath medial feet associated
with rearfoot valgus in bipedal static stance could be the traceable features for PF-related
foot diagrams. Higher plantar loads mainly exerted on the lateral forefoot during the
midstance phase of walking, and specifically concentrated on outer feet during the transition
from static to dynamic state. Pain profiles seem to echo PPDs, which could function as the
traceable beginning for the possible link among pronated low-arched feet, PF, metatarsalgia,
calcanitis and Achilles tendinitis.

8. Phillip Plisky, Katherine Schwartkopf-Phifer, Bethany Huebner, Mary Beth Garner,

Garrett Bullock Systematic review and meta-analysis of the Y-balance test lower
quarter: Reliability, discriminant validity, and predictive validity. [2021]

The study concluded that There was moderate to high quality evidence demonstrating that
the YBT-LQ is a reliable dynamic neuromuscular control test. Significant differences in sex
and sport were observed. If general cut points (i.e., not population specific) are used, the
11
YBT-LQ may not be predictive of injury. Clinical population specific requirements should
be considered when interpreting YBT-LQ performance, particularly when used to identify
risk factors for injury.

METHODOLOGY

Research design: Pilot study

Study population: roller hockey players.

Sample size: 30

Sampling technique: purposive sampling

Study duration: 6 months.

Study set-up: PCMC, Pune.

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 INCLUSION CRITERIA

Age between 15 to 25 years.[1]

At least 1 year of experience in professional roller hockey game.

Practicing professional roller hockey with weekly training of 2 days.

Includes males and females.

The one whose rearfoot alignment test is positive.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA

Players with history of recent lower limb injuries or any surgery.

Any systemic illness.

Players receiving any physical therapy intervention.

Players with any congenital foot deformity.

The one who plays it occasionally as a passion.

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 PROCEDURE
Ethical approval was taken.
Subjects were selected as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Procedure was explained to subjects. Informed consent was taken
Rearfoot alignment test was performed on each subject and the positive ones were assessed for
Y balance test.
The subject performed each test 3 times and we used the average of 3
trails for further analysis

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 OUTCOME MEASURES

1.Rearfoot alignment test

2.Y balance test.

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 REARFOOT ALIGNMENT TEST

PURPOSE

To assess for hindfoot (rearfoot) varus or valgus.

PATIENT POSITION

The patient lies prone with the foot extending over the end of the examining table.

EXAMINER POSITION

The examiner sits or stands at the patient’s feet.

RELIABILITY/SPECIFICITY/ SENSITIVITY: Reliability ICC: 0.86

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 TEST PROCEDURE

Starting with the unaffected leg, the examiner places a mark over the midline of the
calcaneus at the insertion of the Achilles tendon. The examiner makes a second mark
approximately 1 cm distal to the first mark and as close to the midline of the calcaneus as
possible. A calcaneal line then is made to join the two marks. Next, the examiner makes two
marks on the lower third of the leg in the midline along the Achilles tendon. These two
marks are joined, forming the tibial line, which represents the longitudinal axis of the tibia.
The examiner then places the subtalar joint in the prone neutral position. While the subtalar
joint is held in neutral, the examiner looks at the two lines to see whether they form a single
straight line or an angle, and if the latter, how much of an angle.

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INDICATIONS OF A POSITIVE TEST

If the lines are parallel or in slight varus (2° to 8°), the leg to rearfoot (heel) alignment is
considered normal. If the heel is inverted, the patient has hindfoot varus; if the heel is
everted, the patient has hindfoot valgus.

The test will be done 3 times for accuracy purpose.

The average value will be taken into consideration.

Y BALANCE TEST

Reliability: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs): 0.85 to 0.91 for intra-rater reliability
and from 0.85 to 1.00 for inter-rater reliability.

Purpose: To assess active balance

Procedure: The test should be performed in the following order:

Right Anterior Left

Anterior Right

Posteromedial Left

Posteromedial Right

Posterolateral Left

Posterolateral Right

With their hands firmly placed on their hips, the athlete should then be instructed to slide the
first box forward as far as possible with their right foot and return back to the starting
upright position.

Reach distances should be recorded to the nearest 0.5cm (9).

They should then repeat this with the same foot for a total of 3 successful reaches.

18
After they have completed 3 successful reaches with their right foot, they are then permitted
to repeat this process with their left foot.

Once the athlete has performed 3 successful reaches with each foot, they can then progress
onto the next test direction (i.e. posteromedial).

The test administrator should be recording the reach distance of each attempt in order to
calculate the athletes YBT composite score.

Interpretation of Y balance scale

The composite score is calculated by taking the sum of 3 reach directions divided by 3 time
the limb length then multiplied by 100.

It is used to determine a person’s risk for injury or to return to sport readiness.

A composite score below 89% has an increased probability of injury, from 37.7% to 68.1%.

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 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Figure No. 1

Out of a total population of 30 individuals, 11.8% of patients have been identified with a
positive result in the rear foot alignment test, indicating a need for further evaluation through
the Y balance test.

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 Figure No. 2

The rearfoot alignment and Y balance test results lies in the potential association between
foot biomechanics and static and dynamic stability. The patient's rearfoot alignment test
values falling within the range of more than 1 and less than 8 indicate a negative rearfoot
alignment. Conversely, if the values are 1 or less than 1 or 8 or greater, the rearfoot
alignment test yields a positive result. In such cases, it is recommended for the patient to
undergo the Y balance test for further assessment and evaluation. This synchronized graph
clarifies the criteria for determining the outcome of the rearfoot alignment test and outlines
the subsequent steps based on the results obtained.

Figure No. 3

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The scattered data depicted in the figure 3 provides insight into the rearfoot alignment test
and the Y balance test. From this analysis, it is apparent that only a small fraction of the
assessed patient population necessitates the Y balance test. Specifically, if either the rearfoot
alignment test for the left or right leg shows positive result, indicating potential alignment
issues or asymmetries, the patient is recommended to undergo the Y balance test for further
assessment.

DISCUSSION
The present study was carried out to investigate preliminary assessment of rearfoot alignment
and it's effect on static and dynamic stability in roller hockey players. The findings underscore
the importance of assessing rearfoot alignment as a precursor to evaluating overall balance and
alignment in individuals.
With a population of 30 individuals, comprising of roller hockey player, the study aimed to
work on rearfoot alignment test outcomes and the subsequent need for Y balance testing.
Our study underscores the importance of considering rearfoot alignment in the assessment of
static and dynamic stability, particularly through the utilization of the Y balance test.
The Y balance test emerges as a valuable tool in our study, enabling comprehensive assessment
of static and dynamic balance. By evaluating participants' ability to maintain stability and
control during multidirectional reaches, this test offers insights into their functional movement
patterns and potential areas of weakness or imbalance. These findings hold particular relevance
for athletes, specially the skaters, whose performance relies heavily on precise movements,
agility, and balance.
In our investigation, we observed that approximately 11.8% of the participants exhibited a
positive result in the rearfoot alignment test, indicating potential alignment issues warranting
further evaluation through the Y balance test. This subset of individuals, constituting around 4
subjects, highlights the significance of targeted assessment strategies in identifying specific
concerns related to lower extremity alignment and balance.

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Out of the 4 people 2 people had flatfeet because of which the rearfoot alignment was positive
for them.
Research by Cowan et al. (2009) demonstrated that individuals with flat feet had altered
rearfoot kinematics, predisposing them to overuse injuries.
This study concluded that , Structural abnormalities such as flat feet (pes planus) or high arches
(pes cavus) can affect rearfoot alignment and contribute to biomechanical imbalances. Flat feet
may result in excessive pronation, while high arches may lead to increased supination.
The other 2 people might have muscular imbalance surrounding the rearfoot alignment or
altered biomechanical stresses on the rearfoot while the game play.
A study by McKeon et al. (2008) highlighted the role of muscle weakness in contributing to
altered foot biomechanics and increased injury risk.
This study concluded that Weakness or imbalance in the muscles surrounding the rearfoot,
such as the tibialis posterior or peroneal muscles, can influence rearfoot alignment. Inadequate
muscle support may lead to abnormal pronation or supination.
Roller hockey involves rapid movements, including skating, stopping, pivoting, and turning,
which place significant stress on the lower limbs, particularly the feet and ankles. These
dynamic movements can lead to alterations in foot alignment over time.
A study by Russell et al. (2016) investigated the biomechanics of skating in hockey players and
highlighted the substantial forces experienced by the lower extremities during skating
maneuvers.

Although, the result for the same individuals for the Y balance test falls in the range of an
average score of 65.5% which indicates the probability of minimal risk of injury.
However, previous studies have reported contradicting results regarding the association
between the alignment of the feet on postural stability. Several studies have indicated that foot
alignment may be one of the contributing factors to postural stability (Anzai et al, 2014; Cobb
et al, 2014; Abdulwahab and Kachanathu, 2015). On the other hand, there are also studies that
report no association between foot alignment on postural stability (Karthikeyan et al, 2015;
Hyong and Kang, 2016). [10]
Hertel et al in 2002 investigated that less plantar sensory information was provided by
supinated foot and pronated foot unlike normal foot. They proposed that person with supinated
foot and pronated foot uses larger area for cop excursion due to which maintaining balance
becomes difficult. [11]
Tansu Birinci in 2017, while studying relationship between medial longitudinal arch and
postural control proposed that there is a relation between supinated foot and single limb
balance test. They found that there was significant increase in the posterior postural way of a
person with supinated foot causing knee and hip strategy to get activated and sup in
maintaining balance. They concluded the study noting that person with supinated type has
lesser stability than normal foot type. [11]
Ribeiro et al (2011) reported plantar fascitis to be a factor influencing rearfoot alignment and
the plantar longitudinal arch. However, their study reported that both the control and plantar
fascitis group demonstrated the same rearfoot valgus malalignment. [12]
23
 Nikhil Kamble (2021), Dr. Shruti Mulaokar in this study Correlation between medial
longitudinal arch height of foot and static, dynamic balance in cricketers, concluded that there
is a weak positive correlation between medial longitudinal arch height of foot and static,
dynamic balance in cricketers. [13]

CONCLUSION

The study concludes that there is weak positive correlation between the
rearfoot alignment and the static and dynamic stability.
Even if the rearfoot alignment is positive, there is no effect on the static and
dynamic balance of the individual or there is a probability that they are at
minimal risk of injury.

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 LIMITATION OF STUDY

The antropometric data was not considered.

Individual direction’s score of Y balance test was not considered.

25
 RECOMMENDATION AND FUTURE SCOPE

This study can be done on larger population size.

Same study can be done in athletes with varying sports activities.
This study can be done on smaller age groups.
Same study can be done on only female roller hockey players.

26
 REFERENCE
1. Lamm BM, Mendicino RW, Catanzariti AR, Hillstrom HJ. Static rearfoot alignment: a
comparison of clinical and radiographic measures. Journal of the American Podiatric
Medical Association. 2005 Jan 1;95(1):26-33.
2. Ribeiro AP, Trombini-Souza F, Tessutti V, Rodrigues Lima F, Sacco ID, João SM. Rearfoot
alignment and medial longitudinal arch configurations of runners with symptoms and
histories of plantar fasciitis. Clinics. 2011; 66:1027-33.
3. Chow TH, Chen YS, Hsu CC. Relationships between plantar pressure distribution and
rearfoot alignment in the Taiwanese college athletes with plantar fasciopathy during
static standing and walking. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public
Health. 2021 Dec 8;18(24):12942.
4. Robinson I, Dyson R, Halson-Brown S. Reliability of clinical and radiographic
measurement of rearfoot alignment in a patient population. The Foot. 2001 Mar
1;11(1):2-9.
5. Ferreira A, Enes C, Leão C, Goncalves L, Clemente FM, Lima R, Bezerra P, Camões M.
Relationship between power condition, agility, and speed performance among young
roller hockey elite players. Human Movement. 2019;20(1):24-30.

27
 6. Cote KP, Brunet ME, Gansneder BM, Shultz SJ. Effects of pronated and supinated foot
postures on static and dynamic postural stability. Journal of athletic training. 2005
Jan;40(1):41.
7. Tsai LC, Yu B, Mercer VS, Gross MT. Comparison of different structural foot types for
measures of standing postural control. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy.
2006 Dec;36(12):942-53.
8. Irez GB. The relationship with balance, foot posture, and foot size in school of physical
education and sports students. Educational research and reviews. 2014 Aug 23;9(16):55.
9. Gorman PP, Butler RJ, Plisky PJ, Kiesel KB. Upper Quarter Y Balance Test: reliability and
performance comparison between genders in active adults. The Journal of Strength &
Conditioning Research. 2012 Nov 1;26(11):3043-8.
10. Fu GQ, Wah YC, Sura S, Jagadeesan S, Chinnavan E, Judson JP. Influence of rearfoot
alignment on static and dynamic postural stability. International Journal of Therapy and
Rehabilitation. 2018 Dec 2;25(12):628-35.

ANNEXURE I
CONSENT FORM

DATE:

Name of researcher: Prajakta Shinde.

Title of project: “Preliminary assessment of rearfoot alignment and its effect on

static and dynamic stability in roller hockey players by using y balance test- a
pilot study”

I ----------------------------------------- confirm that I am Voluntarily

participating in this study.

My identity will be kept confidential.

I am aware that I allotted to withdraw myself from the study, if any complaint
occurs.
28
I give permission to have access to my

records. I agree to take part in the above

study.

Patient Name: Therapist Name:

Patient sign: Therapist sign:

ANNEXURE I (A)

Title of the project: -

Name of the researcher -

1.I confirm that I have read and understand the information sheet dated ----------------
for the above study.
2.I have been given a thorough knowledge about the
procedure being done and the designated
duration required for the completion of the study.
3.I acknowledge the participation of my son/daughter being their guardian/mentor.

Name of guardian/mentor

29
Signature

Date-

ANNEXURE II

Rearfoot Alignment Test -

Right Leg Left Leg

Attempt 1

Attempt 2

Attempt 3

30
 ANNEXURE II (A)

Y-Balance test

Right Leg Left Leg

Anterior
+ + + +

3 3

Posteromedial
+ + + +

3 3

31
Posterolateral
+ + + +

3 3

32
 ANNEXURE III – MASTERCHART

Rearfoot Alignment Test

YBT
Sr No Subject Name Age Right Leg Left Leg
1 Subject 1 26 6 6 0
2 Subject 2 26 3 3 0
3 Subject 3 14 1 1 63.33
4 Subject 4 16 5 6 0
5 Subject 5 17 4 5 0
6 Subject 6 26 3 4 0
7 Subject 7 19 5 6 0
8 Subject 8 20 4 4 0
9 Subject 9 22 4 3 0
10 Subject 10 25 3 3 0
11 Subject 11 24 2 3 0
12 Subject 12 23 3 3 0
13 Subject 13 27 4 5 0
14 Subject 14 23 4 3 0
15 Subject 15 21 4 3 0
16 Subject 16 23 5 4 0
17 Subject 17 23 5 5 0
18 Subject 18 25 5 4 0
19 Subject 19 22 3 4 0
20 Subject 20 25 5 5 0
21 Subject 21 21 4 5 0
22 Subject 22 20 5 5 0
23 Subject 23 16 5 6 0
24 Subject 24 15 4 5 0
25 Subject 25 16 1 1 59
26 Subject 26 16 3 3 0
27 Subject 27 15 4 4 0
28 Subject 28 16 1 2 0
29 Subject 29 15 1 1 62
30 Subject 30 15 2 2 0

33