Science 9 Environmental Science general review

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.

____ 1. Biotic refers to all living parts of an environment.

____ 2. Abiotic refers to all living parts of an environment.

____ 3. The geosphere is the Earth’s rocky outer layer.

____ 4. The gaseous layer surrounding the Earth is called the atmosphere.

____ 5. The hydrosphere refers to Earth’s rocky outer surface.

____ 6. The biosphere contains all living things.

____ 7. The geosphere is a layer containing the oxygen we breathe.

____ 8. Humans have no effect on a natural ecosystem’s sustainability.

____ 9. The water cycle is contained in a system called the hydrosphere.

____ 10. Lakes, oceans, and streams are considered parts of the hydrosphere.

____ 11. The biosphere and hydrosphere do not interact with one another.

____ 12. Greenhouse gases absorb solar energy.

____ 13. The greenhouse effect cools Earth’s surface.

____ 14. Nitrous oxide is the most abundant greenhouse gas.

____ 15. The greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide and methane, are produced by living things.

____ 16. Solar energy does not heat Earth’s surface evenly.

____ 17. Warm air is denser than cold air.

____ 18. Direct sunlight heats more than sunlight hitting the surface at an angle.

____ 19. Surface currents in the ocean are mainly caused by the wind.

____ 20. Cold ocean water sinks, warm ocean water rises.

____ 21. Fresh water is more dense than salt water.

____ 22. Photosynthesis produces sugar and water.

____ 23. Cellular respiration produces sugar and water.

____ 24. Humans get energy directly from photosynthesis.

____ 25. The main source of energy for cellular respiration is the Sun.

____ 26. Producers make the food they need to live from sunlight.

____ 27. Consumers are eaten by producers.

____ 28. Decomposers break down dead producers and consumers to obtain energy.

____ 29. Stored energy in food is passed from producers to consumers.

____ 30. Food webs require a continual input of energy from the Sun.

____ 31. 100% of energy is lost as one moves up each level of the pyramid of energy.

____ 32. Much of the energy lost between levels of a pyramid of energy is in the form of heat.

____ 33. The water cycle continuously recycles water on Earth.

____ 34. Water vapour is released by plants into the atmosphere by a process called transpiration.

____ 35. Water pollution can be caused by physical, biological, or chemical changes in water quality.

____ 36. Pollution from non-point sources tends to be periodic.

____ 37. Bioaccumulation refers to the increase in concentration of pollutants in organisms higher up the
food chain. maximum size an organism can grow.

____ 38. Bioaccumulation refers to the way toxic materials collect in an organism.

____ 39. Burning fossil fuels adds excess nitrogen to the atmosphere.

____ 40. In a food chain, a primary consumer will have the highest concentration of pollutants in its body.

Completion
Complete each statement.

41. The First Peoples’ idea that everything in the universe is connected and independent is called
__________.
 42. Non-living parts of an environment are called __________.

43. _________ parts of an environment are all parts that are living.

44. Judgment based on a person’s knowledge, understanding, and beliefs is called __________.

45. Outgoing solar radiation is trapped in Earth’s atmosphere by the __________.

46. The four most abundant natural greenhouse gases are water vapour, __________, methane, and
nitrous oxide.

47. The amount of solar energy that reaches different regions of the Earth varies because of the
___________ shape of the Earth.

48. Evaporated water in the atmosphere returns to Earth in a process called __________.

49. The __________ provides the heat which drives the water cycle.

50. __________ sources of water pollution, such as factories, are fairly easy to monitor and regulate.

51. 78% of the air we breathe is the element __________.

52. The process of __________ is the reason why a shark may have 10 times the amount of pollutants in
its body compared to the salmon the shark eats.

Matching

Match each description to one of the following terms. There is one extra term that has no match.
a. abiotic d. biosphere
b. biotic e. atmosphere
c. geosphere f. hydrosphere

____ 53. the gaseous layer surrounding the Earth

____ 54. water on Earth’s surface
____ 55. the living parts of an ecosystem
____ 56. the non-living parts of an ecosystem
____ 57. Earth’s rocky surface

Match each description to one of the following pairs of terms. There is one extra pair.
a. biotic and geosphere d. abiotic and hydrosphere
b. abiotic and geosphere e. biotic and atmosphere
c. biotic and hydrosphere

____ 58. a bird in the air

____ 59. a fish in the sea
____ 60. a bat in a cave
____ 61. water in the ocean

Match the description to one of the following terms. There is one extra term that has no match.
a. greenhouse effect e. surface currents
b. greenhouse gases f. cellular respiration
c. Coriolis effect g. photosynthesis
d. ocean conveyor

____ 62. converts glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water
____ 63. converts sunlight into chemical energy
____ 64. process that absorbs solar radiation in Earth’s atmosphere
____ 65. the effect of Earth’s spin on wind and water currents
____ 66. water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide
____ 67. ocean currents mainly driven by wind

Match each description to one of the following terms. There is one extra term that has no match.
a. producers d. food chain
b. consumers e. food web
c. decomposers f. energy pyramid

____ 68. living things that break down dead organic material to get the energy they need
____ 69. living things that eat plants or other animals to get the energy they need
____ 70. living things that make their own food to get the energy they need
____ 71. a model that shows the complex interactions between energy transfer in an ecosystem
____ 72. a model showing how much energy is transferred between trophic levels of an ecosystem

Match each list to one of the following terms. There is one extra term that has no match.
a. producers c. decomposers
b. consumers d. food web

____ 73. beetles, bacteria, fungus

____ 74. grass, grapes, goose berries
____ 75. hawks, hedgehogs, horses

Match each description to one of the following terms. There is one extra term that has no match.
a. transpiration e. biomagnification
b. water pollution f. global climate change
c. bioaccumulation g. carbon cycle
 d. global warming

____ 76. occurs when pollutants collect in the cells of organisms

____ 77. water is absorbed by the roots of plants, then released by leaves
____ 78. long-term changes in Earth’s climate
____ 79. any negative physical, biological, or chemical change in water
____ 80. the increase in concentration of pollutants as one moves up the food chain
____ 81. an increase in the average temperature of Earth’s surface.

Match each pair of terms to the cycle in which they belong. There is one extra term that has no
match.
a. carbon cycle d. water cycle
b. nitrogen cycle e. bioaccumulation cycle
c. phosphorous cycle

____ 82. evaporation and precipitation

____ 83. algal blooms and detergents
____ 84. bacteria in soil and roots, and ammonia in fertilizers
____ 85. photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Science 9 Environmental Science general review
Answer Section

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE

1. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

TOP: 4.1 KEY: Earth’s spheres | biotic
2. ANS: F, biotic

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.1 KEY: Earth’s spheres | abiotic

3. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 4.1 KEY: Earth’s spheres | geosphere
4. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 4.1 KEY: Earth’s spheres | atmosphere
5. ANS: F, geosphere

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.1 KEY: Earth’s spheres | hydrosphere

6. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 4.1 KEY: Earth’s spheres | biosphere
7. ANS: F, atmosphere

PTS: 1 DIF: Average TOP: 4.1 KEY: Earth’s spheres | atmosphere

8. ANS: F, an effect

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.1 KEY: Earth’s spheres | sustainability

9. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Average
TOP: 4.1 KEY: Earth’s spheres | hydrosphere
10. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 4.1 KEY: Earth’s spheres | hydrosphere
11. ANS: F, interact

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.1

KEY: Earth’s spheres | hydrosphere | biosphere
12. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 4.2 KEY: Sun’s energy in Earth’s spheres| green house gases
13. ANS: F, warms

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.2

KEY: Sun’s energy in Earth’s spheres | greenhouse effect
14. ANS: F, water vapour

PTS: 1 DIF: Average TOP: 4.2

KEY: Sun’s energy in Earth’s spheres | green house gases
15. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 4.2 KEY: Sun’s energy in Earth’s spheres | green house gases
16. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 4.2 KEY: Sun’s energy in Earth’s spheres
17. ANS: F, less dense

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.2

KEY: Sun’s energy in Earth’s spheres | atmosphere
18. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 4.2 KEY: Sun’s energy in Earth’s spheres
19. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 4.2 KEY: Sun’s energy in Earth’s spheres | ocean current | wind
20. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 4.2 KEY: Sun’s energy in Earth’s spheres | ocean current
21. ANS: F, less

PTS: 1 DIF: Average TOP: 4.2

KEY: Sun’s energy in Earth’s spheres | ocean current
22. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Average
TOP: 4.2 KEY: Sun’s energy in Earth’s spheres | photosynthesis
23. ANS: F
oxygen and sugar
sugar and oxygen

PTS: 1 DIF: Average TOP: 4.2

KEY: Sun’s energy in Earth’s spheres | cellular respiration
24. ANS: F, indirectly

PTS: 1 DIF: Average TOP: 4.2

KEY: Sun’s energy in Earth’s spheres | photosynthesis
25. ANS: F, photosynthesis

PTS: 1 DIF: Average TOP: 4.2

KEY: Sun’s energy in Earth’s spheres | cellular respiration
26. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 4.3 KEY: Energy in Earth’s biosphere | producers
27. ANS: F, producers, consumers

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.3

KEY: Energy in Earth’s biosphere | consumer | producers
28. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 4.3 KEY: Energy in Earth’s biosphere | consumer | decomposers | producers
29. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 4.3 KEY: Energy in Earth’s biosphere | food chain | producers | consumer
30. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 4.3 KEY: Energy in Earth’s biosphere | food web
31. ANS: F, 90%

PTS: 1 DIF: Average TOP: 4.3

KEY: Energy in Earth’s biosphere | pyramid of energy
32. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Average
TOP: 4.3 KEY: Energy in Earth’s biosphere | pyramid of energy
33. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
 TOP: 4.4 KEY: Cycles in Earth’s spheres | water cycle
34. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 4.4 KEY: Cycles in Earth’s spheres | transpiration
35. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 4.4 KEY: Cycles in Earth’s spheres | water cycle
36. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 4.4 KEY: Cycles in Earth’s spheres | water cycle | water pollution
37. ANS: F, biomagnification

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.4

KEY: Cycles in Earth’s spheres | biomagnification
38. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 4.4 KEY: Cycles in Earth’s spheres | bioaccumulation
39. ANS: F, carbon dioxide

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.4

KEY: Cycles in Earth’s spheres | carbon cycle
40. ANS: F
secondary
higher order

PTS: 1 DIF: Average TOP: 4.4

KEY: Cycles in Earth’s spheres | biomagnification | bioaccumulation

COMPLETION

41. ANS: interconnectedness

PTS: 1 DIF: Average TOP: 4.1 KEY: Earth’s spheres | interconnectedness

42. ANS: abiotic

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.1 KEY: Earth’s spheres | abiotic

43. ANS: biotic

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.1 KEY: Earth’s spheres | biotic

44. ANS: bias

PTS: 1 DIF: Average TOP: 4.1 KEY: Earth’s spheres | bias

45. ANS: greenhouse effect

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.2

KEY: Sun’s energy in Earth’s spheres | greenhouse effect
46. ANS: carbon dioxide

PTS: 1 DIF: Average TOP: 4.2

KEY: Sun’s energy in Earth’s spheres | green house gases
47. ANS: spherical
 PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.2
KEY: Sun’s energy in Earth’s spheres | Earth’s rotation
48. ANS: precipitation

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.4

KEY: Cycles in Earth’s spheres | precipitation | water cycle
49. ANS: Sun

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.4

KEY: Cycles in Earth’s spheres | water cycle
50. ANS: Point

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.4

KEY: Cycles in Earth’s spheres | water cycle | water pollution
51. ANS: nitrogen

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.4

KEY: Cycles in Earth’s spheres | nitrogen cycle
52. ANS: biomagnification

PTS: 1 DIF: Average TOP: 4.4

KEY: Cycles in Earth’s spheres | biomagnification

MATCHING

53. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.1

KEY: Earth’s spheres
54. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.1
KEY: Earth’s spheres
55. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.1
KEY: Earth’s spheres
56. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.1
KEY: Earth’s spheres
57. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.1
KEY: Earth’s spheres

58. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.1

KEY: Earth’s spheres
59. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.1
KEY: Earth’s spheres
60. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.1
KEY: Earth’s spheres
61. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.1
KEY: Earth’s spheres

62. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.2

KEY: Sun’s energy in Earth’s spheres | cellular respiration
63. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.2
 KEY: Sun’s energy in Earth’s spheres | photosynthesis
64. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.2
KEY: Sun’s energy in Earth’s spheres | greenhouse effect
65. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.2
KEY: Sun’s energy in Earth’s spheres | wind | ocean current
66. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.2
KEY: Sun’s energy in Earth’s spheres | green house gases
67. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.2
KEY: Sun’s energy in Earth’s spheres | ocean current

68. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.3

KEY: Energy in Earth’s biosphere
69. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.3
KEY: Energy in Earth’s biosphere
70. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.3
KEY: Energy in Earth’s biosphere
71. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.3
KEY: Energy in Earth’s biosphere
72. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.3
KEY: Energy in Earth’s biosphere

73. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.3

KEY: Energy in Earth’s biosphere
74. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.3
KEY: Energy in Earth’s biosphere
75. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.3
KEY: Energy in Earth’s biosphere

76. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.4

KEY: Cycles in Earth’s spheres
77. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.4
KEY: Cycles in Earth’s spheres
78. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.4
KEY: Cycles in Earth’s spheres
79. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.4
KEY: Cycles in Earth’s spheres
80. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.4
KEY: Cycles in Earth’s spheres
81. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 4.4
KEY: Cycles in Earth’s spheres

82. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average TOP: 4.4

KEY: Cycles in Earth’s spheres
83. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average TOP: 4.4
KEY: Cycles in Earth’s spheres
84. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average TOP: 4.4
KEY: Cycles in Earth’s spheres
85. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average TOP: 4.4
KEY: Cycles in Earth’s spheres