PREFACE

Practical Training (PT) is an essential integral part of the five years bachelor of architecture
degree course offered bythee college of engineering and technology (Coet) of University of Dar
es salaam. It's usually conducted after the second semester of every academic year.

Practical Training gives the chance of an engineering student to acquire the knowledge of
engineering works that can't be addressed or acquired in lectures and tutorials hence enable us
to practice engineering works practically in real life situations.

This practical report contains mainly two parts that is part 1 which explains about the company
and part 2 which explains about all that was done during the PT period .

Our Practical Trainings began on 24th July and ended on 15th September.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to extend my special altitude to all people who assisted me during all my practical
training of eight (8) weeks at DAR ES SALAAM, GOSEF COSTS CONSULTS LTD

I would like to use this very wonderful opportunity to give thanks and all the Glory and honor to
God Almighty for protecting and securing me by giving me good health physically and mentally
well-being during the whole weeks, which I was in industrial practical training.

Finally, I would like to thanks all my fellow trainees who were together during the practical
training for all EIGHT (8) weeks in our site
INTRODUCTION
Below is an industrial training report of ANYOSISYE THERESIA TUMAINI a student of
Bachelor of science in Architecture at UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM (UDSM).

PROJECT: PROPOSED LODGE DESIGN AT MBEZI SHULE

PARTS OF A REPORT

(i) Part 1
(ii) Part 2
Both parts of this report were prepared by ANYOSISYE THERESIA T basing on the supervision
and details of what I have learned and observed during the whole period of my Industrial
Practice at DAR ES SALAAM REGION under GOSEF COSTS CONSULTS LTD

PART 1: GENERAL PART

 Brief historical background of the undertaking.
 Products or activities undertaken by the firm.

1: BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE UNDERTAKING.

GOSEF COSTS CONSULTS LTD
Gosef Costs Consults Ltd is registered by Business Registrations and Licensing Agency ( BRELA)
in Tanzania and is incorporated under the companies'es act 2002 andthat, the company is
limited and therefore is licensed to carry on the business in Tanzania.

The vision of the company us to be among the leading quantity surveying form reliable in
solving construction costs related problems facing the private and public sectorsectors both
locally and internationally.

OFFICE LOCATION

Gosef Costs Consults located at QS shopping center; Plot No. 168, Block No 1

Mvumoni Wazo Hill along Madale Road

P.O.Box 67393

Dar es salaam Tanzania

GOSEF COSTS CONSULTS LTD'S STRUCTURE.

The team is built with .

Senior Quantity Surveyors

Quantity Surveyors

Assistant Quantity Surveyors and

Office Administration Staff .

MISSION OF THE COMPANY

To offer training in science and technology, technical education and other training, thus developing a
critical mass of highly trained manpower.

 To formulate plans for the promotion, technological development and improvement of

the quality of education and training being offered to students and other stakeholders.

 To promote and encourage innovation, initiative and readiness amongst staff and
students in their fields of specialization and study.

 To collaborate with other institutions nationally and internationally in the initiation,

promotion and conducting of technical education, science and technology
programmers.

 To carry out any other assignments given by the government through its various
organizations.

 To produce highly skilled students in their respective firms.

2: SPECIFIC REPORT.

MEGA PANELS
INTRODUCTION.

Mega panels consists of reinforced zinc coated steel wire mesh electronically welded together
onto one expanded polystyrene (EPS) insulated core with steel wire truss that is pierced
through the polystyrene.

The panels consists of an insulating foam core sandwiched between two structural facings,
typically orientedstrandboard ( OSB )

Types of Large Panel Systems .

 The basis of the prefabricated large panel system construction isplanar( frameless)
construction system that has three basic varieties

 Transverse wall

 Longitudinal wall

 Cross wall

PROJECT MAIN ACTIVITIES

The following were the main activities that were done at site from the day of arrival to the day
of departure.

 Plastering

 Binding of the wire mesh

 Arranging of the mega panels

 Plumbing and electrical connections

 Roofing

A. BINDING OF THE WIRE MESH

Wire mesh, also known as wire cloth or wire fabric, is a versatile metal product used effectively
in countless applications globally. Here are some common uses for wire mesh:
Stainless Steel Wire Mesh for Filters: Used in filtration applications, stainless steel wire mesh
provides durability and resistance to adverse environmental conditions.

Steel Wire Mesh for Partitions: Ideal for creating partitions or barriers in industrial settings.

Stainless Steel Mesh for Fences: Used for security fencing, animal enclosures, and garden
boundaries.

PVC-Coated Wire Mesh for Machine Guards: Provides protection and visibility in machinery
areas.
TYPES OF WIRE MESH

Welded Wire Mesh:

Consists of perpendicular wire strands that are resistance welded at each intersection.

Economical, versatile, and has a clean appearance with uniform grid patterns.

Available in materials such as steel, stainless steel, and galvanized steel.

Woven Wire Mesh:

Woven to size in a manner similar to cloth on a loom.

Common materials include carbon steel, galvanized steel, stainless steel, and aluminum.

Used for various applications, including architectural elements and filtration.

Stainless Steel Filters & Stampings:

Stainless steel wire filters with various openings.

Can be used in conjunction with perforated metal and expanded metal.

Custom-made-to-order filters in single or multiple layers of woven wire mesh.

Stainless Steel Wire Mesh Screen:

Utilized in multiple industries, including petroleum, chemical, mining, aerospace, and food.

Requires minimal replacement and special coatings to maintain properties.

Hardware Wire Cloth Mesh:

Consists of woven or welded wires in a square or rectangular grid.

Used for various purposes, including fencing, machine guarding, and architectural applications.

STEPS FOR BINDING WIRE MESH ON MEGA PANELS

Binding wire mesh is essential for securing the mesh panels in place. Here are the steps for
binding wire mesh effectively:

Prepare the Mesh Panels:

Ensure you have the wire mesh panels ready. These panels typically come in standard sizes and
are made of welded steel wires.

Position the Mesh Panels:

Place the mesh panels in the desired location where you intend to install them. Make sure they
align correctly with the substructure or frame.
Attach the Mesh to Posts or Substructure:

If you’re installing the mesh on concrete posts or a substructure:

Use eye bolts to attach the mesh to the posts or substructure.

Tensioning wire can be threaded through the eye bolts to secure the mesh tightly.

Use cable ties to further secure the welded mesh to the tensioning wire.

Ensure the mesh is evenly tensioned and properly aligned.

Secure the Bottom of the Mesh:

To prevent the mesh from sagging or moving at the bottom:

Use pegs to anchor the bottom of the mesh to the ground.

Staple the pegs at intervals of approximately 60 centimeters along the bottom edge of the
mesh.

Make sure the hook of each peg is attached to the bottom of the mesh holes.

Overlap and Tie Mesh Panels (if needed):

If you have multiple mesh panels that need to overlap:

Overlap the panels as required.

Use binding wire (typically made of black annealed steel) to tie the overlapping sections
together.

Twist the wire around the intersecting wires to create a secure connection.

Inspect and Adjust:

Regularly inspect the bound mesh to ensure it remains taut and properly secured.

Adjust tension as needed to maintain a uniform appearance.

3. PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS

Plumbing is a system of pipes and fixtures installed in a building for the distribution and use of
potable (drinkable) water and the removal of waterborne wastes. It is usually distinguished
from water and sewage systems that serve a group of buildings or a city.

Electrical connections or electrical wiring work means the installation, alteration, repair or
maintenance of an electrical installation and any other work on an electrical installation

The following are the steps that were followed in laying down pipes for both water and electricity
purposes at the site.

Water Pipe Installation:

Excavation and Trenching:

Excavate trenches where the megapanels will be placed. These trenches will house the water supply
pipes.

Ensure proper depth and alignment according to design specifications.

Pipe Placement:

Lay the water supply pipes within the trenches.

Arrange the pipes so that the spigot (male end) of one pipe aligns with the socket (female end) of the
next pipe.

Push the pipes together fully to create a secure connection.

Joining Methods:

Threaded Joints:

For smaller-diameter pipes (typically made of steel or brass), use threaded joints.

Screw compatible fittings onto the threaded ends of the pipes.

Solvent Welding:

For plastic pipes, solvent welding is common.

Apply solvent adhesive to the pipe ends, chemically bonding and fusing them together.

Compression Joints:

Use compression fittings to join pipes without specialized tools or heat.

These fittings consist of a compression nut, insert, and compression ring, creating a watertight seal12.
Backfilling:

After pipe placement, backfill the trenches with soil, ensuring proper compaction.

Electrical Wiring Installation:

Planning and Routing:

Plan the electrical routes within the megapanels.

Consider architectural features, irregular panel shapes, and rainscreen patterns.

Conduit Installation:

Install electrical conduits within the megapanel structure.

Conduits protect wiring and allow for future maintenance.

Wiring Connection:

Route electrical wires through the conduits.

Connect wires to electrical fixtures, outlets, and switches.

Testing and Inspection:

Ensure proper grounding, insulation, and safety.

Conduct electrical tests to verify functionality.

Covering with Concrete:

Once electrical work is complete, cover the megapanel with a layer of concrete (40 mm on each side).

This composite structure combines the strength of steel with the durability of concrete2.

4. ROOFING

Roofing is a process of constructing a roof.

At the site, the process for roofing megapanels is similar to the way the panels are being made
to stand ,

The following are theprocedures in making a mega panels roof.

 prepare the megapanels aside

 connect the megapanels to the wire mesh by using the binding wires, the megapanels is
to be sandwiched in-between the wire mesh

 lay the panels in the roof position and keep them stable by binding them with. the wall
panels using the binding wires

 lay down wires for electrical purposes and set

  lastly plastering can be done.

5.PLASTERING

Plaster: Is a building material used for the protective or decorative coating of interior walls and
ceilings and for moulding and casting decorative elements. Same procedures applied to
rendering were used in plastering. Ratio of plastering mortar was 1:6 meaning that one bag of
cement per six bags or buckets of sand.
Plastered wall

Material and tools

Used for preparation of plastering mortar

WATER CEMENT RATIO

The ratio of the volume of water to volume of cement used in mortar preparation
termed as water cement ratio. As the result of experiments, it were obseved that for a given
proportion of ingredients in a mortar, there is almost a fixed amount of water (optimum) which
gives maximum variation in the strength of mortar. In case the water causes is less, the
resultant mortar will be comparatively dry, difficult to place in position and may pose
problems in compaction. Moreover, with less water complete setting of cement cannot
be ensured and hence the strength of mortar gets reduced appreciably on the other hand In
case the water is more it would result in formation or excessive crakes in walls, thereby
reducing its density, strength and durability. Thus, water cement ration serves as a yard stick
for obtaining mortar of desired strength. The lower the ration, the greater is the strength of the
mix. A rich mix of mortar gives higher strength than a lean mix, not because of more cement
but it is because of the fact that mortar can be used with a lower water cement ratio.

Mortar preparation

Mortar preparation is the process of mixing cement and sand at a required ratio.

The ratio that were used in preparation of mortar were 1:6 that was one bag of cement per six
buckets of sand, water was used to hydrate the mixture of cement and sand also water was
used for curing the mortar and hardening it. Water help in mixing, transporting and in proper
laying of the mortar.

PLASTERING OF THE MEGA PANELS

The last procedure in megapanels construction is plastering, and this as explained
above is very important as it helps to give stability to the panel structure also increases
effectiveness.
This helps to make mega panels as a single unit and thus can resist different hazards
like earth quakes.
SITE AFTER PLASTERING
IMPORTANCES OF USING MEGAPANELS

Megapanels offer several advantages in building construction. Let’s explore them briefly:

Precision and Quality Assurance:

Megapanels are prefabricated sections of facade that undergo precise manufacturing in controlled
environments.

This results in higher quality assurance and better control over fabrication processes.

Streamlined Construction Schedule:

Although megapanels have up-front engineering costs, they significantly reduce the overall construction
schedule.

Buildings can become weathertight for interior finishes in weeks rather than months.

This is especially beneficial in regions with inclement weather conditions and limited exterior access.

Cost-Effectiveness:

Despite initial engineering expenses, megapanels are generally cost-effective due to time savings and
reduced project risk.

They allow for faster enclosure installation, minimizing exposure to external elements.

Design Flexibility:

Megapanels offer more design options compared to typical precast concrete systems.

Architects can choose from various materials and incorporate different building elements.

Ideal Project Fit:

Megapanel systems work well for larger tower-type buildings in urban environments with limited site
access.

Repetitive geometry that can be easily divided into panels is ideal.

SITE CHALLENGES
Mostly where there is success there is also challenges. During my industrial practical training I have
encountered several challenges as follows;

i/ Scarcity in protective devices such as helmets, hard boots (safety boots) which are important and very
useful for protecting head and feet from dangerous instruments.

ii/Scarcity in vibrating protective devices such as ear protecting devices to protect our ears during the
use of grander machine, drilling machine and circular saw machine.

iii/There was no first aid kit in the site, which became a challenge incase of of accidents to the workers.

iv/ There was no hand protective equipment such as gloves to protect hands when working in steel
reinforcement and fixing and form

SAFETY, PRECATIONS AT WORKING PLACE

Workplace health and safety representatives are elected by green workers, representatives are entitled
to carry out inspections and review the circumstances of workplace incidents. They are also
entitled to participate in the working place health and safety committee. A work place health and safety
representatives does not need any experience or special qualification, but is entitled to be paid
training or request in work place health and Safety committee member must be an employer,
workers at the work place a committee considers health and safety issues and reports on those
to the employers. An employer form a work place health and representatives request it. Some
workers are kept for controlling the safety at the site, for example if some worker do not wear
helmet are told to wear, to look after people who are injured and to check workers wearing belts while
working at the edge of the building. There are duties were to give injured people first aid and
sometimes if injured badly to take them to hospital and pay all the expense of hospital on behalf
of the company At the area of work place health and safety obligations involves

 Providing and maintaining a safe and healthy work environment and plan.
 Ensuring the safe use, handling, storage and transport of substances
  Ensuring safety system of work by providing helmet, safety shoes, belts etc. Providing
information, instruction, training, and supervision to ensure health and safety

Why do we run safety meeting?

 Inform workers of changes to company procedures

 Identify new hazard controls
 Develop/review accident and incident data
 Employee participation and Communication
 Develop/review work processes
 Short training sessions Information about first aid should include an accident response plan
which should:
 Specify the response procedures to be followed in an accident situation such as notify the
supervisor or telephone for medical assistance
 Allocate emergency transportation arrangements such as identifying a person with a
driving licenses and the location of an available vehicles
 Detailed the location of first aid equipment and facilities at the workplace including
details of personnel responsible for the equipment and facilities
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

RECOMMENDATION

What guides good performance in site work? From my experience, I noted that site works should be well
performed if the following points taken in to the account.

 Good site management (this is the task to be taken careful by site engineers or site foremen)
 Cooperation /good communication between site engineer and foreman by this concept they
will set their goals together in site and to make sure that goal achieved to the desired
extent for the benefit of the company.
 Knowledge and engineering skills (this including knowledge of the particular field & experience
also)
 Good cooperation with other workers.
  Motivation to the workers who performed well to the given tasks.
 The engineer / whole site management should not be involved in corrupt practice and they
should expose all such evils in the system.
 That is all about my experience and views due to the question above and analyzed
points are just my recommendations on site work performance.

CONCLUSION

As recommended above the site management in our site was very organized and hence all
targets was performed as it was stated on calendar of project program, I left project on the progress
but hence up to date the progress of the project was about 60%. My suggestion to trainees before
going to the training they should hand chance early to the respected company so as to enable the
industrial supervisor or, management to prepare a good related material whether in office, on site
and this is the benefit to gain more useful knowledge as an engineer otherwise, I should
acknowledge all of you for acceptance of my report.
REFERENCES

i) Bhavikatti S.S (2010), Basic Civil Engineering, New Age International Ltd Deih,1st Edition
ii) Edward Nawy, (2008) Concrete Construction Engineering Handbook, CRC press, London, 2nd
Edition.
iii) W. Schofield,Butterworth-Heinemann,(2001) Engineering-Heinemann 5thEdition
http://askascientist.com/civilengineering/building/column and beams formwork