RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

SESSION NO. 3/ WEEK NO. 4

MODULE NO. 2: Codes and Regulations

1. National Structural Code of the Philippines

2. Electrical Code of the Philippines
3. Fire Code of the Philippines
4. National Plumbing Code of the Philippines
5. Sanitation Code of the Philippines
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

1. National Structural Code of the Philippines

National Structural Code of the Philippines; All construction materials must conform to
the DPWH Standard Specifications for Public Works Structure.
Structural Engineering is a sub discipline of civil engineering in which structural
engineers are trained to design the bones and muscles that create the form and shape
of man – made structures.
Structural Design – is the methodical investigation of the stability, strength and
rigidity of structures.
It is also a highly specialized area of Civil engineering. It can be described as a
set of methods or tools that are used to determine safe and economical specifications
for a structure, and to ensure that a planned structure will be sufficiently strong to carry
its intended load. The structural design process of a complete construction project is
divided into three phases planning, design and construction.
Structural elements are used in structural analysis to split a complex structure into
simple elements. Within a structure, an element cannot be broken down (decomposed)
into parts of different kinds (e.g., beam or column).
Structural elements can be lines, surfaces or volumes.
Elements of Structural Design are:
Line elements:

• Rod - axial loads

• Beam - axial and bending loads
• Struts or Compression members- compressive loads
• Ties, Tie rods, eyebars, guy-wires, suspension cables, or wire
ropes - tension loads
Surface elements:

• membrane - in-plane loads only

• shell - in plane and bending moments
o Concrete slab
o deck
• shear panel - shear loads only
Volumes:

• Axial, shear and bending loads for all three dimensions

3 Types of Structures:
Shell structures –are typically curved, light weight structures. Example
Frame Structures – made of separate members [ usually thin pieces] put together
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

Solid Structures [ mass] - made almost entirely of matter. One dimensional: ropes, cables,
struts, columns, beams, and arches. Three dimensional: Solid mass, composite: A
combination of the above.

1. FOUNDATION
A foundation is necessary to evenly distribute the entire building load on the soil in
such a manner that no damaging settlements take place. Hence, the foundations
need to be constructed on good/solid ground.
2. PLINTH
A plinth is normally constructed just above the ground level and immediately after the
foundation. It raises the floor above the ground level and herewith prevents surface
water from entering the building.
3. DAMP PROOF COURSE (DPC)
Damp proof course is a layer of water proofing material such as asphalt or
waterproof cement. Walls are constructed above the damp proof course.
Damp proof course prevents surface water from rising into the walls.
Dampness reduces the strength of the walls and creates unhealthy living conditions.
Also it affects the paint and plaster and increasing the cost of maintenance.
Damp proofing layer is not required where a plinth beam is constructed, because the
plinth beam already performs like a DPC.
4. PLINTH BEAM
A plinth beam is constructed depending upon the type of the structure of the building
and nature of the soil. It provides additional stability in regard to settlements of the
building and earthquake damages.
5. FLOOR
This is the surface on which we do most of our activities. Floorings is laid over the
filling of the plinth and on subsequent floors.
Flooring can be done with different materials, but care must be given that the ground
below the floor is well compacted. Flooring is done to prevent dampness from rising
to the top and to have a firm platform that can be kept hygienic and clean.
6. WALLS
Walls are the vertical elements on which the roof finally rests. They can be made of
different materials like bricks, stones, mud, concrete blocks, lateritic blocks etc. If the
walls are very long, columns can be provided to carry the roof.
Walls provide privacy and enclosure. Walls also provide security and protection
against natural elements such as wind, rain and sunshine.
Openings are to be provided in wall for access and ventilation.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

7. OPENINGS
Openings are normally provided in the walls as door, windows and ventilators.
Doors provide access; windows and ventilators provide light and ventilation.
Lintels are constructed just above the openings. It is normally a stone slab or a
concrete slab.
Sill is the part of the wall that is just below the window.
Lintels are constructed to hold up the walls above the openings. In earthquake prone
areas a continuous lintel beam is provided all over the walls.
8. STAIRS
A stair is a sequence of steps and it is provided to afford the means of ascent and
descent between the floors and landings.
The apartment or room of a building in which stair is located is called staircase. The
space or opening occupied by the stair is called a stairway.
There are different kind of stairs are used in buildings, like RCC stair, wooden stair,
metal stair, brick stair etc.
9. ROOF
The roof provides protection for the building and the people living in it. The roof rests
on the walls and requires proper anchoring so that wind and other mechanical
impact cannot destroy it. A roof can have different shapes but it is always either flat
or sloping.
Roof is typically made of RCC, stone slab, tiles etc.
10. SURFACES / FINISHES
External finishes are the outer most layer of protection, which protect the structure
from weathering. Internal finishes are the layers given on internal faces. They give
durability and pleasing appearance to the inside.

Material strength requirements and related basic policies for the design of buildings.
Material code format
Working Stress Design use as an alternative method
Ultimate Strength Design is used for gravity loading design and for lateral force resistant
design.
Example of Gravity loads are: dead loads and live loads
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

2. National Electrical Code of the Philippines

Electrical Code is a set of regulations for the design and installation of electrical wiring in a
building. The intention of a code is to provide standards to ensure electrical wiring systems
that are safe for people and property. Such as wiring is subjected to rigorous safety
standards for design and installation.
Primary objective of the CODE is to establish basic materials quantity and electrical works,
standards for the safe of electricity such as light, heat, power, communications, signaling,
and for other purposes. Electrical Design must comply with the requirements of CODE to
ensure safety.
Main Purpose of the National Electrical Code
The National Fire Protection Association [NFPA] is a widely adopted model code for the
installation of electrical components and system. Its purpose is to safeguard persons and
property from hazards arising from the use of electricity.
CODE – tells you what you need to do/ it’s a law
Ex. A code may say that a building must have a fire alarm system
STANDARDS- tells you how to do it. While standard will spell out what kind of system and
how it must work.
It is important to follow the National Electric Code because the compliance with the CODE
makes it easier to ensure that power installation is free of hazards. NEC has been adopted
by all 50 states, sets the minimum standard for safe electrical design, installation and
inspection to keep people and property protected from electrical hazards.
The National Electric Code is updated every 3 years.

3. National Fire Code of the Philippines

Fire a process or instance of combustion in which fuel or other materials is ignited and
combined with oxygen, giving off light, heat and flame.
Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 Section 2
It is the policy of the State to ensure public safety, promote economic development
through the prevention and suppression of all kinds of destructive fires, and promote
the professionalization of the fire service as a profession.
Fire Code It is also called as Fire Prevention Code or Fire Safety Code
Objective of Fire Prevention Act
Fire Prevention and Control
- To prevent the occurrence of the fire through the control fire hazards
- The proper maintenance of the building safety system and facilities
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

- Established procedure that will maximize the probability of controlling

extinguishing a fire in the safest and most efficient manner.
-
Classes of Fire

CLASS A- Fires involving solid materials such as wood, paper or textile plastics
and rubber
CLASS B- Fires involving flammable liquids such as petrol, diesel or oils and
paint
CLASS C- Fires involving gases such as propane, butane and methane
CLASS D- Fires involving metals such as aluminum, magnesium and titanium
CLASS E- Fires involving live electrical apparatus
CLASS K- Fire Extinguisher involving cooking media such as fats, grease and
oils

Three things that causes of Fire

1. Oxygen
2. Heat
3. Fuel

Codes for Fire Fighting

IS Codes which are used for standardization of Fire Fighting are the following
equipment:

1. Water fittings
2. Fire fighting units
3. Fire detection
4. Fire Alarm System

5. Helmets
6. Equipment for fire Protection and Fire Fighting
7. Personal Protective Equipment

Two main ways of controlling a fire

1. Steam is used to control fire in confined areas while inert gas is

employed to extinguish gas, dust, and vapour fires.
2. Fire-fighting is a battle against time.

Fire protection System

1. Fire suppression
2. Sprinklers
3. Smoke detectors
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

4. National Plumbing Code of the Philippines

Plumbing is defined as the art and science of installing pipes, fixture and other
apparatus to convey and supply water in building and to dispose and discharge waste
water and other liquids, gasses and substances out of buildings in a safe, orderly,
healthy and sanitary way. To ensure the health and sanitation of life and property.
It is a system of pipes and fixtures installed in a building for the distribution and use of
potable [drinkable] water and the removal of waterborne wastes.
PLUMBER – is a title given to a person who is skilled in the field of sanitation.
PLUMBARIUS - was derived from ancient Roman and it refers to an individual who
worked in the sanitary field of ancient Rome
PLUMBUM – was taken from the Latin word, meant “LEAD”. A metal used as plumbing
material by the Romans.
PLUMBING SYSTEM
Plumbing System includes all potable water supply and distribution pipes, all plumbing
fixtures and traps; all sanitary and storm drainage systems, vent pipe, roof drains,
leader and downspouts, and all building drains and sewers, including their respective
joints and connections, devices, receptacles appurtenances within the property, water
lines in the premises.
The 2021 National Standard Plumbing Code provides the latest information about
common materials, fixtures, devices and equipment system used or installed in
plumbing systems. PLUMBING CODES help to ensure our health and safety, they
also apply to repairs, renovations or the maintenance of plumbing systems.
TWO MAIN OBJECTIVES OF PLUMBING
1. To supply water to different parts of the building.
2. To remove and discharge human waste and other substances out of building
into the public sewer or septic tank.

Two main things that must be considered when designing a plumbing system
1. The system that supplies water.
2. The system that gets rid of waste

Main Areas of Plumbing

Maintenance involve gas fitting, drainage, water supply, fire protection, sanitary
irrigation and mechanical services involving heating, cooling and ventilation.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

5. Sanitation Code of the Philippines

Sanitation code - set of standards established and enforced by government for

health requirement as in Plumbing or health code.
Sanitation – the development and application of sanitary measures for the sake of
cleanliness, protecting health, the disposal of sewage and solid waste. Example the
city department that makes sure trash is disposed properly
Sanitation is important for all, helping to maintain health and increase life – span.

TYPES OF SANITATION
1. Community – led total sanitation
2. Container based sanitation
3. Ecological sanitation
4. Emergency sanitation
5. Environmental sanitation
6. Onsite sanitation
7. Sustainable sanitation

Seven steps of sanitation

1. Inspection, Identification, Equipment Breakdown

2. Sweeping and Flushing
3. Washing
4. Rinsing
5. Sanitizing
6. Rinse / Air dry
7. Validation

Causes of poor sanitation

1. Inadequacy of housing for most urban

2. Poor invariably leads to poor home hygiene
3. Personal and Domestic hygiene practices cannot be improved without
improving basic amenities such as water supply, waste water disposal,
solid waste management and the problems of human settlements.