Logical fallacies worksheet

1. Watch the video and match logical fallacies with definitions.

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1iZ4y1p7gX?
from=search&seid=1879608491986243164

1) Circular reasoning 循环论证

2) Hasty generalization 轻率概括
3) Slippery slope 滑坡谬误
4) Straw man 稻草人谬误
5) Ad hominem 诉诸人身
6) False dichotomy/ dilemma 虚假两难
7) Appeal to emotion 诉诸情感
8) Equivocation 偷换概念
9) Bandwagon appeal 诉诸公众
10) False analogy 不当类比

A． A conclusion is based on the premise that one small step will lead to a chain of
events resulting in some significant event. Slippery slope 滑坡谬误

B． The conclusion is based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence. Hasty

generalization 轻率概括

C. The argument is restated rather than proven. Circular reasoning 循环论证

D. An opponent’s claim is distorted to make it easier to refute by giving a rebuttal to a

point that was not made. Straw man 稻草人谬误

E. Attacking the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself. Ad
hominem 诉诸人身

F. Claiming comparison when differences outweigh similarities. False analogy 不当类比

G. An appeal that presents the thoughts of a group of people in order to persuade

someone to think the same way. Bandwagon appeal 诉诸公众

H. Using misleading terms of more than one meaning without clarifying which
definition is intended in the scenario. Equivocation 偷换概念

I. Using emotion-based language to try to persuade the reader or listener of a certain

belief or position. Appeal to emotion 诉诸情感
 J. An argument presents two points while disregarding or ignoring others in order to
narrow the argument in one person’s favor. False dichotomy/ dilemma 虚假两难

CBADE JIHGF

2. Identify the logical fallacies in these pictures:

1)
Hasty generalization/ appeal to emotion

2)

Straw man 稻草人谬误

3)
Circular reasoning 循环论证

4)
False dichotomy/ dilemma 虚假两难
 5)

Bandwagon appeal

6)
Slippery slope 滑坡谬误

3. Below are some examples of arguments from IELTS writing task 2. What are the
logical fallacies involved? Match the examples with logical fallacies.

A. Slippery slope 滑坡谬误

B. False analogy 不当类比
C. Hasty generalization 轻率概括
D. Post hoc 事后归因
E. Red herring 无关转移
F. Bandwagon appeal 诉诸公众
G. False dilemma 虚假两难
H. Circular reasoning 循环论证

1. Many young criminals watch violent movies before they commit their crimes.
Therefore, obviously, violent movies lead to juvenile delinquency.
2. If children are allowed to play computer games, they will not do their homework.
Then, their grades will suffer and ultimately, they won’t be able to go to college.

3. The use of mobile phone is as antisocial as smoking. Smoking is banned in certain

places so mobile should be banned like smoking.

4. McDonald's and KFC offer foods with little nutrition, and thus we cannot expect any
fast food restaurant to provide us with nutritious foods.

5. Widening roads is a feasible measure to solve traffic jam because it is easy to carry
out this measure.

6. Many people say we need to exploit the outer space, a point which I believe is
wrong, because there are so many poor people on Earth who hardly make ends
meet.

7. Many people, including educationalists, say that it is justified to start learning a

second language from an early age. Therefore, I agree that it is better to start second
language education at primary school rather than at middle school.

8. I disagree that social networking sites have a huge negative impact on individuals as
well as the society because these sites have a lot of advantages.

Answers: DABC HEFG