Excel Prep 3 SECond Term 2024 by MR - Adel Younis

Excel Prep 3 2024 Compiled by Mr.
Adel Younis
Unit 7 Our World
Vocabulary
Word ‫المعنى‬ Word ‫المعنى‬
active ‫ نشيط‬destroy ‫يدمر‬
aim ‫ هدف‬discover ‫يكتشف‬
appear ‫ يظهر‬diversity ‫تنوع‬
appearance ‫ مظهر‬emperor ‫إمبراطور‬
area ‫ منطقة‬encourage ‫يشجع‬
beauty ‫ جمال‬endanger ‫يعرض للخطر‬
belong to ‫ ينتمي الي‬enquire ‫يستفسر‬
bite ‫ يعض‬environment ‫البيئة‬
bright ‫ زاهي‬Fact file ‫ملف حقائق‬
caracal ‫ قط بري‬fence ‫سور‬
carriage ‫ حنطور‬fight ‫يحارب‬
cause ‫ يسبب‬fossils ‫حفريات‬
clarification ‫ توضيح‬frogs ‫ضفدع‬
clarify ‫ يوضح‬fur ‫فراء‬
coastal ‫ ساحلي‬grassland ‫مراعي‬
confused ‫ مرتبك‬habitat ‫موطن‬
conservation ‫ حفظ‬heading ‫عنوان‬
conserve ‫ يحفظ‬heritage ‫تراث‬
contain ‫ يحتوي‬hole ‫حفرة‬
continue ‫ يستمر‬inquiry ‫استفسار‬
cover ‫ يغطي‬issue ‫قضية‬
crocodile ‫ تمساح‬jar ‫برطمان‬
curiosity ‫ جب استطالع‬label ‫ملصق‬
curious ‫ فضولي‬lack ‫نقص‬
damage ‫ يتلف‬lake ‫بحيرة‬
deforestation ‫ إزالة غابات‬list ‫قائمة‬
depression ‫ منخفض‬litter bin ‫سلة زبالة‬
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Excel Prep 3 2024 Compiled by Mr. Adel Younis
meteorite ‫ نيزك‬research ‫بحث‬
mongoose ‫ النمس‬researcher ‫باحث‬
monuments ‫ أثار‬respect ‫يحترم‬
national ‫ قومي‬responsibility ‫مسئولية‬
natural ‫ طبيعي‬seeds ‫بذور‬
nature ‫ الطبيعة‬shape ‫شكل‬
newsagent ‫ بائع جرائد‬shooting star ‫شهاب‬
oasis ‫ واحة‬skills ‫مهارات‬
ocean ‫ محيط‬species ‫أنواع‬
orangutan ‫ انسان الغاب‬stable ‫إسطبل‬
organize ‫ ينظم‬suitable ‫مناسب‬
owner ‫ مالك‬surrounded by ‫محاط بـ‬
Palm tree ‫ نخلة‬thick ‫ سميك‬/ ‫كثيف‬
perhaps ‫ ربما‬treat ‫يعامل‬
personify ‫ يشخص‬triangle ‫مثلث‬
pipe ‫ ماسورة‬turtle ‫سلحفاة‬
Polar bear ‫ دب قطبي‬UNESCO ‫منظمة اليونسكو‬
pollute ‫ يلوث‬valley ‫وادي‬
pollution ‫ تلوث‬volcano ‫بركان‬
population ‫ سكان‬volunteer ‫متطوع‬
project ‫ مشروع‬western ‫غربي‬
protect ‫ يحمي‬wetland ‫ارض رطبة‬
rainforest ‫ غابة مطيرة‬Whale ‫حوت‬
remains ‫ اثار‬Wild life ‫حياة برية‬
remote ‫ بعيد‬wonders ‫عجائب‬
Reading (2)
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Definitions
caracal A wild cat with a gold color and big ears.
carriage A road vehicle that is pulled by one or more horses to carry people.
confused unable to think clearly or to understand what is happening
deforestation The act of cutting down or burning the trees in an area.
depression a part of a surface that is lower than the parts around it.
endangered to put someone or something in danger
fossils The remains of an animal or a plant that have become hard and turned
Depression
into rock.
fur The soft thick mass of hair that grows on the body of small animals.
fossils
grassland a large area of open land covered with wild grass.
habitat The place where a particular animal or plant is normally found.
habitat the natural home of a plant or animal
label a piece of paper that is attached to something and that gives
information about it.
mongoose a small tropical animal with a long body and tail.
oasis an area in the desert where there is water and where plants grow.
polar relating to the North Pole or the South Pole
preserved Kept safe from being damaged.
rainforest A thick forest in tropical parts of the world that have a lot of rain.
remote far from towns or other places where people live
species a group of animals or plants that belong to the same family
stable A building where a horse lives and learns what to do.
tongue twister a word or phrase that is difficult to say quickly
wonder something that makes you feel surprise and admiration
Synonyms & Antonyms

Word ‫المعنى‬ synonym antonym
appear ‫يظهر‬ come out disappear
beauty ‫جمال‬ attractiveness ugliness
bright ‫صافى‬ clear / shiny polluted
cause ‫سبب‬ reason effect / result
conserve ‫يحفظ‬ preserve waste
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cover ‫يغطي‬ place over uncover
destroy ‫يدمر‬ damage /break down save / preserve
diversity ‫مجموعة متنوعة‬ variety
encourage ‫يشجع‬ support discourage
enquire ‫يستفسر‬ ask answer / reply
huge ‫ هائل‬/ ‫ضخم‬ enormous tiny
Lack ‫نقص‬ shortage increase
natural ‫طبيعي‬ normal artificial/ manmade
remote ‫بعيد‬ far - distant near / close
strange ‫غريب‬ unusual / unfamiliar usual / familiar
suitable ‫مناسب‬ proper unsubtle
terrible ‫ سيئ‬/ ‫فظيع‬ very bad / awful nice - wonderful
top ‫قمة‬ Peak / summit bottom
wild ‫بري‬ natural domestic
Wonder ‫أعجوبة‬ marvel
Prefixes & suffixes

Word ‫المعنى‬ prefixes suffixes
advantages ‫مزايا‬ disadvantages ‫عيوب‬
appear ‫يظهر‬ appearance
coast ‫ساحل‬ coastal ‫ساحلى‬
confuse ‫يُربك‬ Confused ‫ حائر‬/ ‫مرتبك‬
cover ‫يغطى‬ uncovered ‫مكشوف‬
danger ‫خطر‬ endanger ‫معرض للخطر‬
famous ‫مشهور‬ infamous
happy ‫ مسرور‬- ‫سعيد‬ Unhappy
locate ‫يحدد موقع‬ Location ‫موقع‬
meaning ‫ذو معنى‬ meaningful ‫ذو معنى‬
nation ‫ وطن‬- ‫أمة‬ national
nature ‫طبيعة‬ unnatural natural
surprise ‫يفاجئ‬ surprised
west ‫غرب‬ western
wind ‫رياح‬ windy
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Expressions & prepositions
21 meters in length ‫ متر‬21 ‫ طولة‬in length ‫فى الطول‬
a group of up to 50 50 ‫ مجموعة تصل إلى‬in the 1800s 19 ‫في القرن الـــ‬
a three - hour drive ‫ ساعات‬3 ‫ يقود لمدة‬in the shape of ‫على شكل‬
a tongue - twister ‫ صعب النطق‬is cut out of ‫يُقطع من أو ينحت‬
are endangered ‫ معرض للخطر‬is home to ‫موطن لـــ‬
are made from ‫ مصنوع من‬latest technology ‫أحدث تكنولوجيا‬
as a result ‫ لذلك‬lay eggs ‫يضع البيض‬
as well as ‫ باإضافة إلى‬Made into ‫تحول إلى‬
at night ‫ في الليل‬make a list of ‫يكتب قائمة بــ‬
belong to ‫ ينتمى الى‬On a day-trip ‫فى رحلة لمدة يوم واحد‬
by locals ‫ بواسطة المحليين‬On the western side ‫فى الجانب الغربى‬
continue into ‫ يستمر الى‬pulled by ‫تجر بـ‬
covered by ‫ مغطي بــ‬know about ‫يعرف عن‬
Cut down ‫ يقطع‬southwest of ‫جنوب غرب‬
Cut out of ‫ منحوت فى‬species of ‫فصائل أو أنواع من‬
dive away ‫ يقود بعيدا‬starts on ‫يبدأ من‬
dive up ‫ يصل إلى بالعربة‬stay out ‫يبقي خارج‬
easy to reach ‫ سهل الوصول الى‬surrounded by ‫محاط بــ‬
Egypt's natural wonders ‫ عجائب مصر الطبيعية‬Take away by ‫ينقل بعيدا بواسطة‬
Fall into ‫ يقع فى‬takes name from ‫يأخذ اسمة من‬
far from ‫ بعيد عن‬the same family ‫نفس العائلة‬
find out ‫ يكتشف‬treat badly ‫يعامل بشكل سيء‬
gold-colored ‫ لونه ذهبى‬wait for ‫ينتظر‬
grow to about ‫ ينمو حتى حوالى‬walk on land ‫يمشي على األرض‬
hear very well ‫ يسمع جيدا‬well preserved ‫محفوظ جيدا‬
in large groups ‫ في مجموعات كبيرة‬wonders of Egypt ‫عجائب مصر‬
language notes
1. list ‫ قائمة من‬/ menu ‫قائمة طعام‬
They have made a list of the natural wonders.
The waiter gave us the menu to choose our food.
2. Wonder ‫ أعجوبة‬/ ‫ يتسائل‬/ wander ‫يهيم على وجهه بال هدف‬/‫يتجول‬

There are many natural wonders in Egypt.
He wandered in the street alone.
3. a three - hour drive ‫يقود لمدة ثالث ساعات‬

The lake is a three - hour drive from Hurghada.
4. star ‫ نجم‬/ planet ‫ كوكب‬/ meteorite ‫نيزك‬
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The sun is a big star.
The earth is our planet.
Some meteorites hit the earth.
5. beach ‫ شاطيء‬/ coast ‫ الساحل‬/ bank ‫ضفة نهر أو بحيرة‬

We enjoyed the beach very much.
Hurghada is on the Red Sea Coast.
We walked along the bank of the river at night.
6. species ‫ فصائل او انواع‬/ spices ‫توابل‬

There are many species of animals and plants.
My mother puts different spices on food.
7. really + ‫ صفة‬/ really + ‫حال‬

He is really good.
He did really well.
8. as a result = so ‫ لذلك‬/ as a result of = because of ‫بسبب‬

He studied hard as a result he got high marks.
He got high marks as a result of studying hard.
9. own ‫ يملك‬/ owe to ‫يدين لــــ‬

He owns a car.
We owe much to our parents.
10. belong to ‫يخص او ينتمي الى‬

These animals belong to the same family.
This car belongs to my brother.
11. endangered = (be) in danger ‫في خطر او معرض للخطر‬

Some animals are endangered.
Some animals are in danger.
12. with = have / has ‫له أو يملك‬

A mongoose is an animal with short legs. =A mongoose has short legs.
13. avoid + ‫ اسم‬/ V + ing ‫يتجنب‬

You should avoid making mistakes.
Try to avoid danger.
14. The + ‫ صفة = تشير الى طبقة أو فئة من الناس صفة‬+ people
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The young should respect the old.
Young people should respect old people.
15. The + ‫اسم حيوان مفرد‬ ‫تشير الى نوع أو فصيلة من الحيوانات‬
The lion is the king of forest.
The caracal is a beautiful gold- colored cat.
16. Bear ‫ ( تلد‬bore – born ) /bear ‫ ( يتحمل‬bore – borne )

Most animals bear their young in the spring.
He couldn't bear to see the dog in pain.
17. depression = dip ‫ منخفض‬/depression ‫ كساد‬/ ‫اكتئاب‬

There was a depression in the sand where he was lying.
If you suffer from depression, it's best to get doctor’s help.
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Grammar
Present simple and past simple
Active and passive
‫المبنى للمجهول في المضارع البسيط والماضي البسيط‬
: ‫تذكر أن‬
‫( تبدأ الجملة بالفاعل‬active) ‫ صيغة المبنى للمعلوم‬-
)‫( تبدأ الجملة بالمفعول (نائب الفاعل‬passive) ‫ صيغة المبنى للمجهول‬-
- present simple ‫المضارع البسيط‬

‫ يتكون المضارع البسيط من المصدر بدون اضافات اذا جاء الفاعل‬- 1
I - We - You - They - ‫اسم جمع‬
‫( اذا جاء الفاعل‬s - es - ies) + ‫ ويتكون من المصدر‬- 2
He - She - It - ‫اسم مفرد‬
They visit Egypt every day. He plays football on Friday.
‫( وبعدهم المصدر بدون اضافات‬don't / doesn't) ‫ في حالة النفي نستخدم كل من‬- 3
We don't speak English. She doesn't cook meat.
‫( ويتكون السؤال كاالتي‬Yes - No) ‫ في حالة السؤال بمعنى (هل) تكون االجابة‬- 4
Do / Does + ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫مصدر بدون اضافات‬
Do you eat fish? Yes, I eat fish. No, I don't eat fish.
Does he eat fish? Yes, he eats fish. No, he doesn't eat fish.
‫ في السؤال بكلمة استفهام يكون الشكل كاالتي‬- 5

‫ كلمة استفهام‬+ do / does + ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫مصدر بدون اضافات‬
Where do you come from? - Where does he come from?
I come from Egypt. - He comes from Egypt.
‫صيغة المبنى للمجهول في المضارع البسيط‬

‫ في حالة الجملة المثبتة يكون الشكل كالاتي‬- 1
‫ مفعول‬+ am - is - are + P.P.....by + ‫الفاعل‬
Tourists visit Egypt. Egypt is visited by tourists.
Ali mends cars. Cars are mended by Ali.

(am - is - are) ‫( بعد‬not) ‫ في حالة النفي نضع‬- 2
‫ مفعول‬+ am - is - are+ not + P.P.....by + ‫الفاعل‬
They don't use mobiles. Mobiles aren't used by them.

She doesn't cook meat. Meat is not cooked by her.
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‫ في حالة السؤال بمعنى هل في المبنى للمجهول يكون الشكل كالاتي‬- 3
Am - Is - Are + ‫ مفعول‬+ P.P. ....by + ‫? الفاعل‬
Do they speak English? Is English spoken by them?
Does Ali play games? Are games played by Ali?
‫ في حالة السؤال بكلمة استفهام في المبنى للمجهول يكون الشكل كالاتي‬- 4
‫ كلمة استفهام‬+ am - is - are + ‫ مفعول‬+ P.P...?
Where do we make cars? Where are cars made?
How does she make tea? How is tea made?
- Past simple ‫الماضي البسيط‬
‫( ويوجد‬d - ed - ied) + ‫الماضي البسيط هو التصريف الثاني للفعل أي المصدر‬- 1

‫أفعال شاذة ُتحفظ‬
They played football yesterday. She met her friends an hour ago.
‫( ويأتي بعده مصدر بدون أي اضافات‬didn't) ‫في حالة النفي نستخدم‬- 2
They didn't go to Aswan in 2020. He didn't write the email last week.
‫في حالة السؤال بمعنى (هل) يكون السؤال كالاتي‬- 3
Did + ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫? مصدر بدون اضافات‬
Did he swim in the sea?
Yes, he swam in the sea.
No, he didn't swim in the sea.
‫ في حالة السؤال بكلمة استفهام يكون الشكل كالاتي‬- 4
‫ كلمة استفهام‬+ did + ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫? مصدر بدون اضافات‬
How did they go to school? They went to school on foot.
‫صيغة المبنى للمجهول في الماضي البسيط‬
‫ في حالة الجملة يكون الشكل كالاتي‬- 1
‫ مفعول‬+ was - were + P.P.....by + ‫الفاعل‬
She bought the tickets. The tickets were bought by her.
They sold the house. The house was sold by them.
(was - were) ‫( بعد‬not) ‫ في حالة النفي نضع‬- 2
‫ مفعول‬+ was - were+ not + P.P.....by + ‫الفاعل‬
They didn't write the email. The email wasn't written by them.
She didn't wash the dishes. The dishes weren't washed by her.
‫ في حالة السؤال بمعنى هل في المبنى للمجهول يكون الشكل كالاتي‬- 3
Was - Were + ‫ مفعول‬+ P.P. ....by + ‫? الفاعل‬
Did Ali find the books? Were the books found by Ali?
Did she cook lunch? Was lunch cooked by her?
‫ في حالة السؤال بكلمة استفهام في المبنى للمجهول يكون الشكل كالاتي‬- 4
‫ كلمة استفهام‬+ was - were + ‫ مفعول‬+ P.P...?
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Where did you buy the pens? Where were the pens bought?
Unit 8 protecting our planet
Main words
absorb ‫ يمتص‬global warming ‫االحتباس الحراري‬
Antarctic ‫ القطب الجنوبي‬greenhouse gases ‫غازات االحتباس الحراري‬
Arctic ‫ القطب الشمالي‬Herbs ‫أعشاب‬
attractive ‫ جذاب‬however ‫مع ذلك‬
avoid ‫ يتجنب‬including ‫يشمل‬
blog ‫ مدونة‬increase ‫يزداد‬
breathe ‫ يتنفس‬jewellery ‫مجوهرات‬
carbon dioxide ‫ ثاني اكسيد الكربون‬landfill sites ‫مواقع دفن القمامة‬
cartridge ‫ خرطوشة حبر‬liquid ‫سائل‬
chemicals ‫ مواد كيميائية‬loom ‫نول النسيج‬
climate ‫ مناخ‬make into ‫يحول الى‬
climate change ‫ تغير المناخ‬materials ‫مواد‬
collect ‫ يجمع‬melt ‫يذوب‬
colourful ‫ ملون‬members ‫أعضاء‬
conclude ‫ يختم‬methane ‫غاز الميثان‬
conclusion ‫ خاتمة‬nevertheless ‫ومع ذلك‬
contrast ‫ تناقض‬nonrenewable ‫غير متجدد‬
coral reefs ‫ شعاب مرجانية‬planet ‫كوكب‬
culture ‫ ثقافة‬pollution ‫تلوث‬
cut down ‫ يقطع‬printer ‫طابعة‬
drought ‫ جفاف‬problems ‫مشاكل‬
electrical ‫ كهربي‬produce ‫ينتج‬
equipment ‫ معدات‬project ‫مشروع‬
fabric ‫ قماش‬protect ‫يحمي‬
fishing nets ‫ شبك الصيد‬rainforests ‫غابات استوائية‬
global warming ‫ االحتباس الحراري‬recycling ‫اعادة استخدام‬
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rubbish ‫ قمامة‬renewable ‫متجدد‬
sea grass ‫ عشب بحري‬throw away ‫يرمي‬
slow down ‫ يبطيء‬transport ‫النقل‬
solar ‫ شمسي‬university ‫جامعه‬
solution ‫ حل‬washing up ‫غسل األطباق‬
speech ‫ كلمة‬- ‫ خطبة‬waste ‫ نفايات‬/ ‫يضيع‬
spider plants ‫ نباتات عنكبوتية‬weather ‫الطقس‬
take turns ‫ يتبادل األدوار‬weavers ‫نساجون‬
pollutant ‫ مادة ملوثة‬weaving ‫النسيج‬
that's why ‫ لذلك‬Spinning and weaving ‫الغزل والنسيج‬
threads ‫ خيوط‬wind power ‫طاقة الرياح‬
Definitions
absorb to take in liquid or gases through a surface.
attractive beautiful and pleasant.
Carbon dioxide A gas, which we breathe out, produced by burning fossil fuels.
cartridge a small container that has ink inside.
diver Someone who swims or works under water.
fabric cloth used for making clothes.
familiar well-known to you and easy to recognize.
fossil fuels natural materials such as petrol and oil you can burn for energy.
(a greenhouse gas that is made from landfill sites)
Greenhouse gas a gas in the air such as carbon dioxide which can cause global
warming.
ink a coloured liquid used for writing or printing.
landfill site a place where rubbish is taken.
loom a machine on which thread is woven into cloth.
methane  a natural gas produced by animals and dead plants.
 a natural gas made from landfill sites.
Renewable energy  clean energy from the sun or wind.
 natural energy that doesn’t disappear.
sea grass a plant which lives in the sea, usually near the coast.
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Slow down Reduce how fast something goes.
threads long thin string of cotton, silk used to sew or weave cloth
weavers people whose job is to weave cloth.
Weaving making cloth, a carpet, a basket etc by crossing threads.
Synonyms & Antonyms

absorb ‫يمتص‬ take in/soak up give out / emit
agree ‫يقبل‬ accept refuse
ask ‫يسأل‬ inquire answer / reply
attractive ‫جذاب‬ beautiful ugly
breathe in ‫يستنشق‬ inhale Breathe out /exhale
broken ‫منكسر‬ damaged undamaged/unbroken
disappear ‫يختفي‬ vanish appear
familiar ‫مألوف‬ known unfamiliar
increase ‫يزداد‬ raise decrease
let ‫يسمح‬ allow prevent
pass ‫يجتاز‬ Succeed in fail
protect ‫يحمي‬ save damage
renewable ‫متجدد‬ continual nonrenewable
start ‫يبدأ‬ Begin finish
traditional ‫تقليدي‬ Old-fashioned/classical new / modern
Prefixes & suffixes

attract ‫يجذب‬ attractive
change ‫متغير‬ changeable
color ‫ملون‬ colorful
familiar ‫ مألوف‬unfamiliar
happy ‫السعادة‬ happiness
kind ‫ طيب‬unkind
possible ‫ ممكن‬impossible
renewable nonrenewable
use ‫بال فائدة‬ useless
tradition ‫ تقليد‬- ‫عرف‬ traditional
weave ‫ينسج‬ weaver
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absorb carbon dioxide ‫ يمتص ثاني اكسيد الكربون‬in landfill sites ‫في أماكن القاء القمامة‬
absorbs 10% %10 ‫يمتص‬ is caused by ‫يحدث بسبب‬
along the coast ‫بمحاذاة او بطول الساحل‬ is found in ‫يوجد في‬
are sold in ‫تباع في‬ keep healthy ‫يجعله صحي‬
According to ‫طبقا لـ‬ let us + ‫مصدر‬ ‫يسمح لنا‬
avoid cutting ‫يتجنب قطع‬ live in ‫يعيش في‬
breathe out ‫يًخرج‬ look attractive ‫يبدو جذاب‬
Cause climate change ‫يسبب التغير المناخى‬ Make a gas ‫ينبعث منه غاز‬
cut down trees ‫يقطع األشجار‬ produce gases ‫ينتج غازات‬
disappear from ‫يختفي من‬ reasons for ‫أسباب لـــ‬
environmental project ‫مشروع بيئي‬ slow down ‫ يجعلة بطيء‬- ‫يبطيء‬
everyone has ‫كل شخص له‬ stay in the air ‫يبقي في الهواء‬
found a way of ‫يجد طريقة لــ‬ stop putting ‫يتوقف عن وضع‬
get worse ‫يسوء‬ that is why ‫لذلك‬
getting hotter ‫يصبح أكثر حرارة‬ the coast of ‫ساحل‬
great for ‫رائع لــ‬ throw away ‫يرمي‬
in history ‫في التاريخ‬ work on looms ‫يعمل على نول النسيج‬
language notes
1. Drought ‫ جفاف‬+ draught ‫تيار هوائى‬
Less rain causes drought.
Many houses were damaged by the draught last night.
2. reasons for ‫ أسباب‬reason why + ‫جملة كاملة‬/ causes of ‫أسباب‬

There are many reasons for climate change.
What is the cause of the accident?
Can you give me a reason why you were absent?
3. start / begin / finish (by)+ V + ing

We must start recycling more rubbish.
4. traditions ‫ تقاليد او عادات مجتمع‬/ habits ‫عادات شخص‬

Weaving is an Egyptian tradition.
My habit is to walk along the Nile.
5. a way to + ‫ مصدر‬/ a way of + v + ing

They found a way to make threads.
They found a way of making threads.
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6. made of / from ‫ مصنوع من‬/ made into ‫يحول او يصنع الى‬

Bags are made of plastic. Plastic bags are made into threads.
7. let + ‫ مفعول‬+ ‫ = مصدر‬allow + ‫ مفعول‬+ to + ‫مصدر‬

He let us put a recycling box in the classroom.
He allowed us to put a recycling box in the classroom.
!!.....................‫سؤال للأبطال‬
He doesn't allow.....................(to smoke) here.
8. since ‫ منذ‬/ since ‫ألن‬
He has lived here since he was born.
They won't buy the house since it is expensive.
9. enough + ‫ اسم‬/ ‫ صفة‬+ enough

He doesn't have enough money.
When the plants are big enough, divers will plant them.
10. along ‫ بطول او بمحاذاة‬/ a long + ‫اسم‬...... ‫طويل‬

They will plant the grass along the coast.
It is a long distance, we can't walk.
11. Because )‫ = ألن )تتبع بالسبب‬this is because

Ice melts because the temperature rises.
12. So)‫ = لذلك )تتبع بالنتيجة‬that is why

People burn plastic that's why (so) air is polluted.
3.
14. However / Nevertheless ) ‫للتعبير عن التناقض (تتبع بنتيجة متناقضة‬
I was excited to be invited to lunch. However, I had already made
plans.
.‫ ولكني كانت لدي خطط أخرى‬،‫سا للغاية لدعوة العشاء‬
ً ‫كنت متحم‬
 I would love to join you for lunch; however, I am too busy
Many marriages fail. Nevertheless, people continue to get married.
14
Grammar
The first conditional clause with if If ‫الحالة الشرطية الأولى لـ‬
- : ‫الحاله األولى تعبر عن التوقع او االحتمال في المستقبل والوعد والتهديد وتتكون كاألتى‬
: ‫تتكون الحاله االولى من اسلوب الشرط كاالتي‬
If (when) + ‫مضارع بسيط‬ will / won't + ‫مصدر‬
Will / won't + ‫مصدر‬ if/when + ‫مضارع بسيط‬
If he arrives early, he will catch the bus.

If she doesn't study hard, she won't get high marks.
When he arrives, we will go out.
We won't catch the bus if we don't leave now.
‫في حالة السؤال بمعنى هل يكون الشكل كاالتي‬
Will + subject +inf + if + ‫?مضارع بسيط‬

Will you buy a car if you are rich?
Yes, I will. No, I won't.
: ‫في حاله السؤال بأداة استفهام يكون الشكل كاالتي‬
‫ أداة استفهام‬+ will + ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫ مصدر‬+ if/when + ‫? مضارع بسيط‬
What will happen if he studies hard?

He will get high marks if he studies hard.
Will ‫ للنصيحة بفعل شيء بدال من‬should ‫يمكن استخدام‬
If (when) + ‫مضارع بسيط‬ should + ‫مصدر‬
If the tourists are n Egypt for the first time, they should visit the pyramids.
Will ‫ للنصيحة بعدم فعل شيء بدال من‬shouldn’t ‫يمكن استخدام‬
If (when) + ‫مضارع بسيط‬ shouldn’t + ‫مصدر‬
If you don’t know someone, you shouldn’t make friends with them online.
: ‫في حالة السؤال بمعنى هل يجب يكون الشكل كاالتي‬
should + subject +inf + if + ‫?مضارع بسيط‬
Should I turn my phone off if I go to pray?
: ‫ يكون الشكل كاالتي‬should ‫في حاله السؤال بأداة استفهام مع‬
‫ أداة استفهام‬+ should + ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫ مصدر‬+ if/when + ‫? مضارع بسيط‬
What Should I do when I go to pray?
15
Verbs + infinitive / - ing

)to + ‫ يوجد بعض األفعال يأتي بعدها (مصدر‬- 1
arrange ‫يرتب‬ help ‫يساعد‬

plan ‫يخطط‬ intend ‫ينوي‬
ask ‫ يطلب‬- ‫يسأل‬ hope ‫يتمنى‬
decide ‫يقرر‬ expect ‫يتوقع‬
refuse ‫يرفض‬ want ‫يريد‬
offer ‫يعرض‬ need ‫يحتاج‬
promise ‫يوعد‬ learn ‫يتعلم‬
We need to buy some bread.
He learned to use the computer.
She refused to help me.
They promised to give me some money.
( V + ing) ‫ يوجد بعض األفعال يأتي بعدها‬- 2

avoid ‫يتجنب‬ feel like ‫يرغب‬
mind ‫يمانع‬ practise ‫يمارس‬
go ‫يذهب‬ suggest ‫يقترح‬
dislike ‫يكرة‬ keep ‫يحافظ على‬
enjoy ‫يستمتع بــ‬ miss ‫يفوتة‬
He suggested playing computer games.
I don't mind having tea with coffee.
Let's go swimming today.
I feel like eating fish.
We must avoid polluting the environment.
) to + ‫(مصدر‬ ‫ ( أو‬v + ing) ‫ يوجد بعض األفعال يأتي بعدها‬- 3

start ‫يبدأ‬ remember ‫يتذكر‬
like ‫يحب‬ stop ‫يتوقف‬
continue ‫يستمر‬ forget ‫ينشي‬
begin ‫يبدأ‬ try ‫يحاول‬
He began to play football. He began playing football.
16
I remember sending the letter. I remember to send the letter.
(ing) ‫ تعبيرات عامة يأتي بعدها‬- 4

look forward to ‫ يتطلع الى‬object to ‫يعترض على‬
in addition to ‫ باالضافة الى‬as well as ‫باالضافة الى‬
I am looking forward to visiting Aswan.
In addition to watching TV, he played football.
‫) مع وجود اختالف كبير من حيث المعني‬to + ‫) أو (مصدر‬v.ing( ‫ بعــــض األفعـــــال يأتي بعدها‬-5
Stop + (to + inf.) ‫يتوقف لكي يفعل شيء ما‬

stop + (v. + ing) ‫يتوقف عن فعل شيء‬
I stopped to buy a newspaper. = I stopped in order to buy a newspaper.
He stopped buying a newspaper. =he no longer buys a newspaper.
Remember + (to + inf.) ) ‫يتذكر ما ينبغي عليه أن يفعل (قبل الفعل‬

Remember + (v. + ing) ) ‫يتذكر ما فعله في الماضي (بعد الفعل‬
He remembered to see the man. = He remembered and then saw the man.
He remembered seeing the man. = He saw the man and later remembered.
Forget + (to + inf.) )‫ينسى أن يفعل شيء ما (الحدث لم يتم‬

Forget + (v. + ing) )‫ينسى أنه قد فعل شيء ما (الحدث تم‬
He forgot to lock the door. = He didn’t lock it.
He forgot locking the door.= He locked it but couldn’t remember.
Try + (to + inf.) )‫يُحاول (يبذل مجهود لكي يفعل شيء ما‬
Try + (v. + ing) ‫يُجرب ليري ما سيحدث‬
I tried to see over the fence by standing on tiptoe.
A: This coffee is too hot.= B: Try putting some ice in it.
Regret + (to + inf.) ‫يأسف أنه مضطر أن يفعل شيء ما‬

Regret + (v. + ing) ‫يندم على شيء فعله في الماضي‬
We regret to say that we cannot help you at the moment.
I regret quitting my job. It was a stupid thing to do.
Need + v+ ing = need +to + be+ p.p ) (Passive)

Need + to+ infinitive = need +noun (active)
My car needs (repairing /to be repaired). I need a car = to buy a car
) to + ‫( فيأتي بعدهم )مصدر‬love - like - prefer) ‫( قبل‬would) ‫ اذا جاءت كلمة‬-
17
I prefer having some tea.
I’d prefer to have some tea.
Unit 9 Build a Greener World
Main words
across ‫ عبر‬surprised ‫مندهش‬
affect ‫ يؤثر على‬landscape ‫منظر طبيعي‬
air conditioning ‫ التكييف‬light bulb ‫مصباح‬
bamboo ‫ الخيرزان‬mangrove ‫شجر المانجروف‬
batteries ‫ بطاريات‬partner ‫شريك‬
communities ‫ مجتمعات‬produce ‫ينتج‬
creating ‫ خلق‬/ ‫ تكوين‬products ‫منتجات‬
description ‫ وصف‬project ‫مشروع‬
desertification ‫ التصحر‬promise ‫يوعد‬
destroy ‫ يدمر‬protect ‫يحمي‬
drought ‫ جفاف‬provide ‫ يزود بـــ‬- ‫يوفر‬
energy-saving ‫ موفر للطاقة‬rechargeable ‫يمكن اعادة شحنة‬
enormous ‫ ضخم‬reduce ‫يقلل‬
environment ‫ البيئة‬region ‫منطقة‬
environmental ‫ بيئي‬report ‫تقرير‬
especially ‫ خصوصا‬results ‫نتائج‬
floods ‫ فيضانات‬reusable ‫يمكن اعادة استخدام‬
footprint ‫ اثار االقدام‬rising ‫ زياده‬- ‫ارتفاع‬
forests ‫ غابات‬Sahel region ‫منطقة الساحل‬
frightened ‫ خائف‬- ‫ مرعوب‬sea level ‫مستوى سطح البحر‬
give up ‫ يقلع عن‬seawater ‫مياة البحر‬
growing ‫ متزايد‬/ ‫ زيادة‬/ ‫ نمو‬seedling ‫شتلة‬
hairbrush ‫ فرشاة للشعر‬set up ‫ يؤسس‬/ ‫يقيم‬
improve ‫ يحسن‬survey ‫احصاء‬
solar panels ‫ ألواح شمسية‬sustainable ‫ صديق للبيئة‬- ‫دائم‬
living thing ‫ كائن حي‬toothbrush ‫فرشاة اسنان‬
18
initiative ‫ مبادرة‬wind turbine ‫توربينات الرياح‬
Definitions
Bamboo cup a cup made from a tall, strong grass.
desertification when farm land changes into desert.
enormous Very big / massive
initiative an important plan to achieve an aim or solve problems
landscape a view showing an area of land
light bulb the glass object inside a lamp that produces light
mangrove a tropical tree that grows in or near water
renewable natural energy that doesn’t disappear
seedling a young plant or tree grown from a seed
sustainable able to continue without causing damage to the environment
Synonyms & Antonyms
advantages ‫مزايا‬ pros cons
cheap ‫رخيص‬ inexpensive expensive
destroy ‫يدمر‬ damage repair/fix/mend
enormous ‫ضخم‬ huge small - tiny
frightened ‫ينتهي‬ Scared / afraid brave
grow ‫ يحصد‬- ‫يزرع‬ plant harvest
include ‫يشمل‬ contain exclude
live ‫يعيش‬ survive die
Plug in ‫يوصل بالكهرباء‬ connect Plug out
protect ‫يحمي‬ save damage
reduce ‫يقلل‬ decrease increase
rise ‫يرتفع‬ go up Fall
sustainable renewable /continual nonrenewable
totally completely partially
Prefixes & suffixes
ill ‫مريض‬ illness coastal
friendly ‫ودود‬ unfriendly useful
Like ‫يحب‬ dislike quickly
expensive ‫غالى‬ inexpensive renewable
chargeable ‫قابل للشحن‬ rechargeable amazing
usable ‫يمكن استخدامه‬ reusable Sadness
19
sustain ‫يستديم‬ Sustainable/sustainability
across the world ‫ عبر العالم‬in the river ‫في النهر‬
along the coast ‫ بطول الساحل‬kill the crops ‫يدمر المحاصيل‬
an electric car ‫ سيارة كهربائية‬less often ‫اقل من المعتاد‬
at night ‫ ليال‬make electricity ‫ينتج كهرباء‬
cause by ‫ يحدث بسبب‬Move around ‫يتجول‬
cause pollution ‫ يسبب تلوث‬on holiday ‫فى إجازة‬
cause problems ‫ يسبب مشكالت‬on the roof ‫على السطح‬
caused by ‫ يحدث بسبب‬plant trees ‫يزرع أشجار‬
come onto farms ‫ يغمر المزارع‬produce pollution ‫ينتج او يسبب تلوث‬
create jobs ‫ يوفر وظائف‬protect from ‫يحمي من‬
do a survey ‫ يجرى دراسة استطالعية‬provide for ‫يوفر شيء لـــ‬
Energy-saving ‫ موفرة للطاقة‬reasons why ‫أسباب‬
find an answer to ‫ يجد حل لــ‬reduce the problems ‫يقلل المشاكل‬
for many years ‫ لعدة سنوات‬rising sea levels ‫ارتفاع مستوى سطح البحر‬
from west to east ‫ من الغرب للشرق‬Ski down ‫ينزلق‬
get worse ‫ يصبح أسوأ‬solar farms ‫مزارع طاقة شمسية‬
give up ‫ يقلع عن‬south of ‫جنوب‬
Green electricity ‫ كهرباء نظيفة‬used to be ‫اعتاد أن يكون‬
had special power ‫ له قوى خاصة‬was friends with ‫كان صديق لـــ‬
has a plan ‫ لدية خطة‬was set up ‫اقيمت‬
have more floods ‫ يوجد به فيضانات أكثر‬was surprised to ‫اندهش ان‬
home for ‫ موطن لـــ‬with big eyes ‫له عيون كبيرة‬
improve the life of ‫ يحسن حياة‬work at factory ‫يعمل في مصنع‬
in hot countries ‫ في الدول الحارة‬worried about ‫قلق بشأن‬
in groups/ pairs ‫ثنائيات‬/‫ فى مجموعات‬write up ‫يكتب بالتفصيل‬
language notes
1. rise - rose - risen ‫ يرتفع‬- ‫يزداد‬
The sun is rising in the sky.
2. raise ‫ يجمع مال‬- ‫ يربي حيوانات‬- ‫يرفع يدة‬

Charities raise money to help the poor.
Students raise their hands to answer the questions.
3. provide + ‫ شيء‬+ for + ‫ = شخص‬provide + ‫ شخص‬+ with + ‫شيء‬

Our father provides money for us.
Our father provides us with money.
20
4. Living ‫ المعيشة‬alive ‫ على قدي الحياة‬lively ‫حيوى‬

He is working hard to improve his living.
The snake is still alive. It isn’t dead.
 Omar has a lively mind. He thinks in a creative way.
5. protect.......from / against ‫يحمي من او ضد‬

Exercises can protect you against heart disease.
The cover protects my car against dust.
6. Promise to + ‫ مصدر‬/ promise that + ‫فاعل‬

He promised to help me.
He promised that he would help me.
7. give up + V + ing ..... ‫ = يقلع عن‬stop doing

My father gave up smoking a week ago.
8. special ‫ خاص بفئة او طبقة‬/ private ‫ملك شخص أو عائلة‬

Nurses wear special uniforms.
We have a private house with a garden.
9. with + ‫شيء‬.......... ‫ = له او يملك‬has / have

She was enormous with big red eyes.
10. long = in length

The wall will be 8.000 km long.
The wall will be 8.000 km in length.
11. everyone + ‫فعل مفرد وعند االشارة اليها نستخدم ضمير جمع‬
Everyone is at home. They love their home.
12. million people ‫ مليون‬10 / 40 thousand tourists ‫ ألف‬40

‫( اذا جاء قبلها عدد تأتي مفرد‬million - thousand - hundred - billion) ‫ألفاظ العقود مثل‬
10 million people have visited Egypt.
Two hundred pounds were spent yesterday.
13. Landscape ‫ منظر طبيعي‬/ landfill ‫ يلقي زبالة‬/ landmark ‫ معلم‬/ ‫عالمة بارزة‬
Landslide ‫ انهيار االرض‬/ land forms ‫التضاريس‬
14. Desert ‫ صحراء‬/ desert = give up ‫ يهجر‬/ dessert ‫ حلوي‬/ desertification ‫تصحر‬
21
Grammar
The second conditional clause with if If ‫الحالة الشرطية الثانية لـ‬
- : ‫الحاله الثانية تعبرعن حالة تخيلية غير قابلة للتحقيق أو تعبر عن النصح وتتكون كاألتى‬
If + ‫ماضى بسيط‬ would/could / might + ‫مصدر‬
unreal past ‫الماضى المستخدم هنا ماضى غير حقيقى‬
If I had money, I would help you.
If I were a bird, I would fly
If she were beautiful, she would be married
If you learned Japanese, you might get a job in Tokyo.
If we went to the beach, we could go swimming.
Remember : used to + inf. ‫اعتاد أن‬

. ‫تعبر عن روتين أو عادة منتظمة في الماضي و لكن لم تعد تحدث اآلن‬
used to + ) ‫ = (مصدر الفعل‬was in the habit of ( ing ) ‫اعتاد أ ن‬
He used to swim every day. Now he doesn't (swim).
He used to be late all the time. Now, he isn’t (late).

didn't use to + ‫مصدر‬ :‫وفي حالة النفى نستخدم‬
I didn’t use to play computer games, but now I do.

did + ‫ فاعل‬+ use to + ‫مصدر‬ :‫وفي حالة السؤال نستخدم‬
Did you use to walk to school? - Where did you use to live?
:‫ ويأتي بعدها الفعل في المضارع البسيط‬used to ‫ بدال من‬no longer ‫تستخدم‬
He used to smoke. = He no longer smokes.

:‫ مع نفى الفعل في المضارع البسيط و تأتى في نهاية الجملة‬used to ‫ بدال من‬any more / any longer ‫تستخدم‬
He used to smoke. = He doesn't smoke any more.

.)was / were used to v.ing/noun( ‫كما يمكن التعبير عن عادة في الماضي باستخدام‬
I was used to eating breakfast before I went to school.
He was used to loud noise.

22
used to ‫ نستخدم الماضي البسيط عند تحديد وقت فى الماضي وال نستخدم‬: ‫الحظ‬
I visited my uncle last week. 

‫في حاله المضارع‬
(Be / get / become) + (used to / accustomed to) + (v + ing ) ‫معتاد على‬
I'm used to playing football. He is used coming on time.
He becomes used to eating vegetables.
He is accustomed to drinking black coffee.
‫ ( للحديث عن أحداث متكررة في الماضي‬would +‫ المصدر‬/ used to + ‫نستخدم ) المصدر‬
A lot of people would / used to live in the desert.
When I was young, I always used to help my mother
When Ali was nine, he would always help his mother
23
Unit 10 To space and back
Vocabulary
airbag ‫ وسادة‬Mars ‫المريخ‬
assistant ‫ مساعد‬Mediterranean ‫البحر االبيض المتوسط‬
asteroid ‫ كويكب‬NASA ‫وكالة فضاء‬
astrologer ‫ ُمنجم‬objects ‫أشياء‬
astronaut ‫ رائد فضاء‬orbit ‫يدور في فلك اومسار‬
astronomer ‫ عالم فلك‬perseverance ‫ مثابرة‬- ‫عزيمة‬
author ‫ مؤلف‬- ‫ كاتب‬planetarium ‫قبة سماوية‬
blow ‫ ينفخ‬probe )‫مجس(ألة‬
brace ‫ دعامة‬-‫ تقويم أسنان‬publish ‫ينشر‬
continent ‫ قارة‬receiver ‫مستقبل‬
diplomat ‫ دبلوماسي‬researcher ‫باحث‬
discovery ‫ اكتشاف‬retire ‫يتقاعد‬
engineering ‫ هندسة‬rhyme ‫قافية‬
exhibition ‫ عرض‬- ‫ معرض‬satellite ‫قمر صناعي‬
fellow ‫ شخص‬sensor ‫مجس‬
flat ‫ مستوى‬- ‫ مسطح‬signal ‫إشارة‬
flood ‫ يفيض‬/ ‫ فيضان‬solar system ‫نظام شمسي‬
GPS ‫ محدد المواقع‬space station ‫محطة فضائية‬
graduate ‫ يتخرج‬spacecraft ‫مركبة فضاء‬
grains ‫ حبوب‬specific ‫محدد‬
gravity ‫ الجاذبية األرضية‬task ‫مهمة‬
helmet ‫ خوذة‬telescope ‫ منظار‬- ‫تلسكوب‬
Hubble ‫ مرصد هابل الفلكى‬timeline ‫تسلسل زمنى‬
In vain ‫ دون جدوي‬toiler ‫كادح‬
informative ‫ إخبارى‬- ‫ إعالمى‬trainers ‫حذاء‬
jet ‫ نافورة‬/ ‫ فيض‬transfer ‫يحول‬
Lens - lenses ‫ عدسات‬venetian ‫شخص من فينسيا‬
light ‫ خفيف‬work out ‫ يفهم‬/ ‫يحل‬
24
Definitions
astronaut A person whose job involves travelling and working in a spacecraft.
astronomer A scientist who studies the universe and space, planets and stars.
astrologer someone who has the skill of describing the expected effect on the
character and behavior of humans.
brace Something people can wear to make their teeth straight.
continent One of the land large masses of the earth such as Europe , Asia or Africa
GPS Global positioning system used to show the position of a person or a thing.
grains The small hard seeds of food plants such as wheat.
gravity The force that attracts objects in space towards each other or to the earth.
helmet A type of hard hat that protects the head.
lenses A curved piece of glass or plastic that makes things look larger or smaller.
orbit To move around a planet or a star.
recycle To treat used things to be used again.
sensor A device that can react to light , heat , pressure…etc.
Solar system The sun and all the planets that move around it.
space station A large structure that is sent into space and remains above the earth.
telescope A tube containing lenses that you look through to make objects nearer.
toiler A person who works very hard for a long time.
Expressions and prepositions
come second ‫يأتى فى المركز الثانى‬ robot space vehicle ‫مركبة فضاء ألية‬
do research ‫ يقوم ببحث‬Send signals ‫يرسل اشارات‬
Dream of ‫ يحلم بـ‬Solar system ‫المجموعة الشمسية‬
Find out ‫ يكتشف‬Soon after ‫مباشرة بعد‬
go into space ‫ ينطلق إلى الفضاء‬Space station ‫محطة فضاء‬
In ancient times ‫ فى العصور القديمة‬Sports event ‫حدث رياضي‬
let me in ‫ يسمح لى بالدخول‬step onto ‫يخطو على‬
make a discovery ‫ يكتشف‬Take back to ‫ يستعيد‬- ‫يسترد‬
Make phone calls ‫ يجرى مكالمات هاتفية‬Take turns ‫يتناوب االدوار‬
move forward ‫يتقدم لألمام‬ Teaching assistant ‫معيد في الجامعة‬
on earth ‫ على كوكب األرض‬travel/go into ‫يسافر فى الفضاء‬
On later visits ‫ فى زيارات الحقة‬space
With their own eyes ‫بعيونهم المجردة‬
on mars ‫ على كوكب المريخ‬Work for ‫يعمل لدي شخص أو مكان‬
Orbit the sun ‫ يدور حول الشمس‬Work on a project ‫يعمل في مشروع‬
25
refer to ‫ يشير إلى‬work out ‫ يحسب‬/ ‫يحل‬
Synonyms & Antonyms
accurate ‫ يسمح‬exact inaccurate
believe ‫ يؤمن‬think doubt
bright ‫ المع‬- ‫ ساطع‬shiny dark-dull
huge ‫ ضخم‬enormous tiny
send ‫ يرسل‬transmit/ transfer receive
toiler ‫ عامل ُمكافح‬Hard-working lazy
useless ‫ بال فائدة‬worthless/valueless useful
Prefixes & suffixes
careful ‫حريص‬ carefully
collect ‫يجمع‬ collection
Exhibit ‫معرض‬ exhibition
invent ‫يخترع‬ inventor
Italy ‫إيطالى‬ Italian
Japan ‫اليابان‬ Japanese
possible ‫ ممكن‬impossible
Language notes
Sign ‫ الفتة – عالمة‬There is no smoking sign everywhere I the hospital.
signal ‫ اشارة صوتية او‬The officer gave a signal to the policemen to start
‫ ضوئية‬attacking the gang.
gravitate ‫ يجذب لألرض‬attract ‫ يجذب إنتباه‬pull ‫يسحب‬
a trip ‫ رحلة قصيرة‬a business trip ‫ رحلة عمل‬a journey ‫رحلة طويلة‬
win a prize ‫يكسب جائزة‬ gain knowledge beat
‫يكسب معرفة‬ ‫يهزم‬
someone
‫ يحسب‬work out = solve
‫شخص‬
‫يحل‬
work out = calculate
Publish ‫ ينشر‬a book / a story / a paper Spread ‫يشيع‬/ ‫ينتشر‬ secrets – news
Orbit ‫ يدور حول شئ‬The earth orbits the sun.
spin ‫ يدور حول محور‬The earth spins on its axis once a day.
GPS = global positioning system BCE= before Christ era.
26
Grammar
Remember :Present perfect tense
(Have ‫ أو‬has + pp ‫) التصريف الثالث‬ :‫يتكون زمن المضارع التام من‬

‫ يعبر عن حدث وقع في الماضي وله اثر أو نتيجة اآلن‬-
She is so happy because she has broken the world record.
just ‫ يعبر عن فعل حدث منذ فترة قصيرة ويأتي مع كلمة‬-
She has just left the school.

never ‫ يعبر عن فعل لم يحدث أبدا ً ويأتي مع كلمة‬-
I have never been to America.

‫ يعبر عن حدث بدأ في الماضي ومازال يحدث حتي اآلن‬-
I have lived here for twelve years.

‫كلمات دالة على المضارع التام‬
Over +‫فترة‬, So far / up till now, in the last-past +period, recently, lately /this week/today
:‫يستخدم المضارع التام اذا بدات الجملة بما يلى‬

It's the first time /it's the only../ in the last few years/ in recent years/ over the ages/
over the years.
Since + ‫بداية الحدث‬/‫مدة محددة‬
The last meeting / last summer / 1999 / five o’clock /October /this morning/the five
years ago/yesterday/then /Monday /breakfast /the first of July / the 18th century /
/Christmas /the age of…/my birthday /death/childhood /the first time I saw him / since I
was young.
For + ‫فترة زمنية غير محددة أو مدة معدودة‬
a week /the last week /a year /five hours /three months /two days /a long time/decades
/centuries/ages/ a short period / ‫ عدد‬+ (minutes - hours days - weeks-months - years)
/a number of + days(weeks-months- years)/as long as I can remember.
27
: ‫مالحظات هامة‬
Have you ever + p.p. ‫هل سبق لك ان‬ Have you ever seen copra?
Have/has Just now + p.p He has just now left.
Past simple + just now. He left just now.
Haven’t/ hasn't + yet ‫فى أخر الجملة المنفية‬ I haven't done it yet.
Have/Has.....already? ‫للتعجب‬ Have you eaten all the cakes already?
Have/Has....yet ? ‫للضيق‬ Has she come yet?
Have/ has just –already - never p.p. I have never made the bed.
Never + has +‫ فاعل‬+p.p. Never has he travelled abroad.
‫ نستخدم صيغة تفضيل‬ever ‫ عند استخدام‬Rana is the most intelligent student I have ever met.
such (a/an) adj. ‫ نستخدم‬never ‫ عند استخدام‬He has never met such a beautiful girl.
Since + ‫ مدة‬+ ago Mr. Adel+has n. lived at Al Shmout since 43 years ago.
‫ مضارع تام‬since ‫ ماضى بسيط‬They haven't received any junk mail since they moved house.
‫ مضارع تام‬since ‫مضارع تام‬ I haven't received any junk mail since she has lived here.
Since ‫ ماضي بسيط‬, ‫ مضارع تام‬Since she travelled abroad, I haven't heard from her.
It's ‫ مدة محددة‬since ‫ماضي بسيط‬ It's half an hour since I played football.
last ‫ ماضي بسيط‬when ‫ ماضي بسيط‬We last visited the pyramids when we were at school.
How long is it since + last+ ‫الماضى البسيط‬ How long is it since you last had a day off?
For how long For how long have you played football?
Since when Since when has he left the house?
( ‫ ) مضارع تام‬since ‫بداية فترة زمنية أو اسم‬ She has been married since 2010.
I have been here since last week.
She has worked as a doctor since her graduation.
Since = because He is over the moon since it’s his birthday today.
Have/Has gone to ‫ذهب الي مكان ومازال‬ He's gone to Paris for a month. He will be back
Have/has
‫هناك‬ been to + ‫ذهب الي مكان مكان‬ She's been to India on holiday three times.
next week.
Have/has
‫وعاد‬ been in/at ‫مقيم هناك‬ He has been in (at) Paris for a month.
Present perfect continuous ‫زمن المضارع التام المستمر‬
Have / has been + ( ing )

‫ يأتي المضارع التام المستمر مع الكلمات االتية‬-
(Since / for ------ now / recently / all the night)

‫ فعل بدأ في الماضي ومازال يحدث‬-
He has been playing for an hour now.

It has been raining since the morning.
‫ فعل انتهي منذ فترة قصيرة وترك أثر‬-
His clothes are dirty because he has been mending his car.
The streets are muddy because it has been raining all day.
28
‫ اذا كان الفعل ال يأت في أالزمنة المستمرة نستخدم المضارع التام‬-
I have this car for more than two years now.
I have known him since my childhood.
‫ اذا كان الفعل في المبني للمجهول نستخدم المضارع التام‬-
The house has been built for three months now.
‫ اذا ذكر عدد مرات الفعل نستخدم المضارع التام‬-
She has drunk two cups of coffee since she arrived home
Past perfect tense ‫زمن الماضى التام‬
( Had + PP ( ‫ يتكون زمن الماضي التام من‬: ‫التكوين‬

‫ يدل الماضي التام علي حدوث فعل في الماضي قبل فعل ماضي آخر‬-
He discovered he had lost his wallet.
I went to the park because I had finished my homework.
We couldn’t go to the concert because we hadn’t booked tickets.
‫قواعد متعلقة بالماضي التام‬
Before / by the time) ‫ ( ماضي بسيط‬, ) ‫( ماضي تام‬
(Before / by the time) he arrived at the station, the train had left.
Our teacher had taught in another school before she came to our school.
By the time + ‫وقت محدد فى الماضى‬
By 7 o’clock, I had studied English

After / As soon as ) ‫ ( ماضي تام‬, ( ‫( ماضي بسيط‬
After / As soon as ) ‫ ( ماضى بسيط‬, ( ‫( ماضي بسيط‬
After he had studied his lessons, he went to bed

As soon as he arrived home, the light went out.) ‫(حدثا فى وقت واحد‬
After ( V – ing ) ‫ماضي بسيط‬ Before + ( V – ing ) ‫ماضي تام‬
After finishing his work, he went home.
29
Before going home, he had finished his work.
When) ‫( ماضي تام‬ ,) ‫( ماضي بسيط‬
When) ‫( ماضي بسيط‬ ,) ‫( ماضي تام‬
When he had killed the goose, he found that there were no eggs inside it.
When the winter came, Ant had found enough food to eat.
) ‫ ( ماضي بسيط منفي غالبا‬until ( till ) ) ‫( ماضي تام‬
He didn’t go to bed until he had studied his lessons.
30
Unit 11 Media now and in the past
Vocabulary
apparently ‫ بكل وضوح‬operator ‫عامل‬
break down ‫ يتعطل‬path ‫ طريق‬-‫ممر‬
broadcast ‫ يبث‬- ‫ إذاعة – يُذيع‬pipe ‫ماسورة‬
broadcasting ‫ بث – إذاعة‬presenter ‫مذيع‬
burst ‫ ينفجر‬press ‫الصحافة‬
career ‫ مهنة‬probably ‫من المحتمل‬
climber ‫ متسلق‬pull ‫يجذب‬
cross ‫ غضبان‬recently ‫ مؤخرا‬- ‫حديثا‬
editor ‫ رئيس تحرير‬retire ‫يتقاعد‬
educational ‫ تعليمي‬serve ‫ يقدم‬/ ‫يخدم‬
elementary ‫ ابتدائي‬Specialize in ‫يتخصص فى‬
faculty ‫ كلية‬steal ‫يسرق‬
get lost ‫ يتوه‬stick ‫يلصق‬
governor ‫ حاكم‬- ‫ محافظ‬stuck ‫عالق‬
graduate ‫ يتخرج‬teenager ‫مراهق‬
guardian ‫ حارس‬- ‫ وصي‬tick ‫يشير – يضع عالمة‬
housewife ‫ ربة منزل‬tournament ‫دوري‬
injured ‫ مصاب‬tournament ‫بطولة – دورة‬
is stuck ‫ عالق‬traditional ‫تقليدي‬
linguist ‫ عالم لغوي‬trust ‫ ثقة‬/ ‫يثق‬
literature ‫ األدب‬unfortunately ‫لسوء الحظ‬
media ‫ وسائل اإلعالم‬warning ‫ إنذار‬- ‫تحذير‬
nearest ‫ األقرب‬Water park ‫مالهى مائية‬
newsreader ‫ قاريء اخبار‬witness ‫شاهد‬
31
According to ‫ طبقا لـ‬go on ‫يستمر‬
at a very early age ‫ فى عمر مبكر جدا‬in the media ‫فى وسائل اإلعالم‬
break down ‫ يتعطل‬In time ‫في الوقت المناسب‬
By mistake ‫ بالخطأ‬in TV news ‫االخبار‬ ‫فى‬
Camera operator ‫ حامل كاميرا‬is stuck ‫التليفزيونية‬
‫عالق‬
come out of ‫ يخرج من‬later on ‫فيما بعد ذلك‬
do a job ‫ يقوم بمهمة‬make a question ‫يُكون سؤال‬
do an interview ‫ يجرى حوار‬On fire ‫محترق‬
do sport ‫ يمارس رياضة‬On time ‫في الميعاد‬
Early life )‫ بداية حياة (شخص‬put on the news ‫يضع فى اإلختبار‬
eye witness ‫ شاهد عيان‬rather than ‫بدال من‬
For a while ‫ لمدة قصيرة‬Serve food ‫يقدم طعام‬
For free ‫ مجانا‬Special about ‫مميز – خاص‬
get lost ‫ يضل الطريق‬Take away ‫ ينقل‬/ ‫يزيل‬
give warning ‫ يحذر‬Work for newspaper ‫يعمل لدى جريدة‬
go missing ‫ مفقود‬Work in TV/radio ‫االذاعة‬/‫يعمل فى التليفزيون‬
Definitions
apparently According to what you have heard is true.
broadcast To send a programme or some information by radio or TV.
burst To break open or apart because of pressure from inside.
camera operator A person controls a TV camera.
governor The person who rules a city or an area.
linguist A person who specializes in languages.
media Newspaper, magazines, radio ,television, the internet…etc.
broadcasting The business of making television or radio programmes.
presenter A person who presents a programme on the radio or TV.
retire To leave a job or stop working because of old age.
warning A statement telling someone that something bad may happen in the future.
web designer A person who decides how a webpage should look.
witness A person who sees something happen and can tell the police about it.
32
Synonyms & Antonyms
awards ‫ جوائز‬prizes
broadcaster ‫ مذيع‬presenter
burst ‫ ينفجر‬explode
control ‫ يتحكم‬manage Submit/follow
cross ‫ غضبان‬annoyed / angry calm
elementary ‫ ابتدائي‬primary
interview ‫ مقابلة‬meeting
local ‫ محلى‬Native national international
noise ‫ ضوضاء‬fuss
normal ‫ عادي‬usual/ordinary abnormal / unusually/ untypically
trust ‫ ثقة‬confidence distrust / doubt
Unlikely ‫ لسوء الحظ‬unfortunately luckily / fortunately
wonderful ‫ رائع‬awesome-amazing bad-terrible
Prefixes & suffixes
photograph ‫ صورة‬-‫يصور‬ photographer
complete ‫يكمل‬ completely
polite ‫مؤدب‬ politely
edit ‫يحرر‬ editor
operate ‫ يدير‬- ‫يشغل‬ operator
broadcast ‫ يُذيع‬- ‫يبث‬ broadcaster
govern ‫يح ُكم‬ governor
education ‫ تربية‬- ‫تعليم‬ Educational
culture ‫ثقافة‬ cultural
Expensive ‫ غالى‬inexpensive
normal ‫ طبيعى‬abnormal
apparent ‫واضح‬ apparently
Language notes
1. graduate from ‫ يتخرج من‬graduate in ‫ يتخرج في‬a graduate of ‫خريج من‬
Mr. Adel graduated from faculty of Education.
He is a graduate of the faculty of Education.

He graduated in teaching English.
33
2. Cross ‫ يعبر‬/cross ‫ صليب‬/cross ‫غضبان‬ /across ‫عبر‬
You have to hold my hand when we cross the road.
Don't be cross with me. it's not my fault.

3. photo / photograph ‫صورة‬/ a photographer ‫ مصور‬/ photography ‫تصوير‬
4. journal ‫ جريدة‬/ journalist ‫صحفي‬ / journalism / press ‫الصحافة‬
5. steal ‫ ( يسرق شيء‬stole / stolen ) rob ‫ ( يسطو علي شخص او مكان‬robbed / robbed )
The thieves robbed Ali last night.
The bank was robbed three times before.
They stole my credit card again.
10 cars were stolen this year in this city.
6. a poet ‫شاعر‬ poetry ‫الشعر‬ a poem ‫قصيدة شعر‬
7. free ‫ مجانا‬- ‫ فاضي‬- ‫حر‬ / freedom l liberty ‫حرية‬ / for free ‫بالمجان‬
8. a fortune ‫ ثروة‬/fortune ‫ حظ‬/fortunate ‫ محظوظ‬/ fortunately ‫لحسن الحظ‬
34
Direct & Indirect speech ‫المبـاـشر و غيـر المباشـر‬
‫الجمــلة الخبـريــة‬
‫ـ‬: ‫عنـد تحـويـل جمـلة مـن مباشـر إلى غيـر مباشـر نتبع اآلتي‬
‫ـ‬: ‫تغييرات خـارج األقـواس‬
say say say to tell said said
Says says says to tells said to told
. ‫ أو بـدونهــا‬that ‫تحــذف األقــواس ونـربــط بــ‬
. ‫يتغير الزمن داخل األقـواس إذا كان الفعـل خـارج األقـواس ماضي كاآلتي‬
‫مضارع بسيـط‬ ‫ماضى بسيـط‬ must ‫االستنتاج‬ must have + pp
‫مضــارع مستمر‬ ‫ماضى مستمـر‬ must had to
‫مضـــارع تــام‬ ‫ماضى تـام‬
have to - has to had to
‫ماضـى بسيــط‬ ‫ماضى تـام‬
mustn't wasn't to
‫األفعال الناقصة‬ ‫ماضيهـا‬
needn't didn't have to
: ‫تحــول الظـروف الزمنية والمكانية كاآلتي‬
yesterday the day before (or) the previous day
tomorrow the next day (or) the ( following ) day
today that day ago, last before
here there now then
tonight that night next the following
this that these those
He says “I will travel to Port Said ”

He says that he will travel to port said next day.
Ahmed said, “I have won the prize."
Ahmed said that he had won the prize
He said to me, “I will visit my uncle.”
He told me that he would visit his uncle.
‫اذا غيرنا الزمن نغير العالمه كالتالي‬
He said to Ali, “We played football yesterday.”
He told Ali that they ( played – had played ) football the day before.
She said to her father, “I’m travelling to Cairo tomorrow.”
She told her father that she ( is- was ) travelling to Cairo the following day .
and added that ‫ والثانية نربطهـا بـ‬that ‫ـ إذا كـان داخـل األقـواس أكثـر مـن جمـلة نربـط األولـى بـ‬: ‫الحــظ‬
She said “I didn’t attend the party. I must apologize.”
She said that she hadn't attended the party and added that she had to apologize.
35
‫مالحظـات عـامـة‬
: ‫ال تتغير األزمنة فى الحاالت التالية‬

‫ إذا كان فعل القول فى المضارع‬-1
Rania says, “ I will travel to London.”
Rania says that she will travel to London
‫ إذا كانت الجملة تعبر عن حقيقة‬-2

Ali said to Ramy, “ The earth is round.”
Ali told Ramy that the earth is round.
‫ إذا كانت الجملة قيلت منذ فترة وجيزة‬-3

He said just now, “I’m travelling tomorrow.”
He said just now that he is travelling tomorrow.
‫ فى الحالة الثانية أو الثالثة‬if ‫ في حالة وجود‬-4

She said, “If I had met him, I would have known the news.”
She said that if she had met him, she would have known the news.
He said, “If I had the money, I would buy a car.”

He said that if he had the money, he would buy a car.
wish/if only/it’s time / would rather ‫ في حالة وجود‬-5

He said,” I wish I got the prize.”
He said he wished he got the prize.
‫ بعد الروابط الزمنية فى الماضى‬-6

He said, “While I was studying, the door bell rang.”
He said
He said thatWhile
while he
he was
was studying,
studying, the
thedoor
doorbell
bellrang.”
rang/had rung.
.‫الخ ويجوز أن نترك الزمن دون تغير‬....‫ مع الصفات والسمات الشخصية مثل الطول والسن والوزن‬-7
He said, “I'm two meters tall.”
He said that he is/was two meters tall.”
.‫ إذا تم تبليغ الجملة فى نفس اليوم ونفس المكان ال تتغير األظرف والزمن يجوز تغيره او االبقاء عليه‬-8
He said, “I will meet you here tomorrow.”
He said (that) he will/would meet them there tomorrow.
. would like – would rather – had better ‫ ال تتغيـر بعـض التعبيـرات مثـل‬: ‫الحظ‬
I said to my friend, “Would you like to go with me to the cinema?"
36
I asked my friend if he would like to go to the cinema.
. thanked ‫فى جمـل الشكـر يحـول فعــل القــول إلى‬

He said to me, "Thank you very much."
He thanked me very much.
. there ‫ التى تتحـول إلى‬here ‫ إذا جـاء مــع‬go ‫إلى‬ come ‫يتحــول الفعـل‬
He said to me, "come here."
He ordered me to go there.
wasn't allowed to ‫ إلى‬couldn't ‫تحــول‬

He said to me, "I couldn't interrupt my parents."
He told me that he wasn't allowed to interrupt his parents.
. ‫ فى الماضي‬had to ‫ إلى‬must ‫تحــول‬

He said, “I must study hard."
He said that he had to study hard.
. ‫ إذا كـانـت تـدل على وجـوب دائـم‬must ‫ال تتحـول‬

She said, "Children must obey their parents."
She said that children must obey their parents.
. ‫ فى المستقبــل‬would have to ‫ إلى‬must ‫تحــول‬

He said, “I must go to Cairo tomorrow.
He said that he would have to go to Cairo tomorrow.
‫الجمــلة األمــريـة‬
ordered – asked – told – advised ‫ـ‬: ‫يتحـول فعــل القـول إلى‬

) to + ‫في األمــر المثبـت نستخــدم ( المصـدر‬
He said to his son “study hard.”
He advised his son to study hard.
) not to + ‫في األمــر المنفـى نستخـدم ( المصـدر‬
He said to me “don’t waste your time.”
He advised (told) me not to waste my time.
He said tome “Open the door and don't close the window."
He ordered me to open the door and not to close the window.
. ‫فى جمـل العـرض‬

He said, “Can I help you ?"
He offered to help me.
37
. ‫فى جمــل التمني‬
He said to me, “Have a nice holiday."
She wished me a nice holiday.
. ‫فى جمــل االتهــام‬
He said to the servant, “You stole my wallet."
He accused the servant of stealing his wallet.
. ‫فى جمـل االقتـراح‬
He said, “Let’s swim"
He suggested swimming. He suggested that they should swim.
. ‫الوعــد‬
His father said, “If you get high mark, I’ll buy you a bike.
His father promised to buy him a bike if he got high marks.
. agree ‫ تحــذف ويتحــول فعــل القــول إلى‬yes ‫إذا جــاءت كلمـة‬
He said to me, "yes, I shall go with you."
He agreed to go with me.
refuse ‫ تحـذف ويتحــول فعــل القــول إلى‬no ‫إذا جــاءت كلمـة‬
She said to me, "No, I won't obey your orders."
She refused to obey my orders.
‫ـ‬: ‫إذا كانـت الجمــلة داخـل األقـواس تعبـر عــن دعـوة تتحـول كاآلتي‬
He said to me, "would you like to have a drink?”
He offered me a drink. Or He asked me if I would like to have a drink.
‫الجمــلةاإلستفهامية‬
‫ـ‬: ‫عنـد تحـويـل جمـلة إستفهامية مـن مباشـر إلى غيـر مباشـر نتبع اآلتـى‬
asked – wondered - wanted to know ‫ـ‬: ‫يتحــول فعــل القــول إلى‬
whether ‫ أو‬if ‫الســؤال المبــدوء بفعــل مســاعـد أو ناقـص تحــذف األقــواس ونربــط بــ‬
do – does ‫الســؤال المبـدوء بـأداة استفهـــام نربـــط بهــا وتحــول الجمـله إلى خبـريـة وتحــذف‬
. ‫ ويصبــح الفعــل مـاضـى تــام‬did ‫ويصبـح الفعـل ماضـى بسيــط وتحــذف‬
She said to me, “Do you speak English ?”
She asked me if I spoke English?”
He said to me, “where did you spend your holiday last year ?"
He asked me where I had spent my holiday the year before.
. ‫ فى الجملة الثانية‬if ‫إذا وجـد بالجمـلة سؤالين أحدهما بأداة استفهـام واآلخر بفعـل مساعد نستعمل أداة االستفهام كأداة ربط ونستعمـل‬
She said to me, "Where did you go yesterday? Can you answer this question?”
She asked me where I had gone the day before and if I could answer that question.
. said – told ‫ وقبل الجملـة الخبريـة‬asked ‫إذا وجـد بالجملـة سؤال وجملـة خبريـة يوضـع قبل السؤال‬
He said, "You can solve your problems. Will you follow my advice?
He said that I could solve my problems and asked if I would follow his advice.
38
Unit 12 into the future
Vocabulary
3D printer ‫ طابعة ثالثية األبعاد‬hero ‫بطل‬
accountant ‫ محاسب‬heroic ‫بطولي‬
advantages ‫ مزايا‬intern ‫متدرب‬
ambitions ‫ طموحات‬internship ‫فترة تدريب‬
Apply for ‫ يتقدم لـ وظيفة أو تاشيرة‬introduce ‫يقدم‬
architect ‫ مهندس معمارى‬land ‫تهبط‬
assistant ‫ مساعد‬lane ‫حارة‬
Business meeting ‫ إجتماع عمل‬law ‫قانون‬
business person ‫ شخص تجارى‬likely ‫محتمل‬
challenge ‫ تحدي‬link ‫يربط‬
completely ‫ كليا‬Marathon )‫سباق للجرى (ماراثون‬
controls ‫ تحكم‬mask ‫ قناع‬/‫كمامة‬
Cycle lane ‫ حارة ركوب الدراجات‬match ‫ يالئم‬/ ‫يناسب‬
definitely ‫ بالتأكيد‬models ‫نماذج‬
develop ‫ يطور‬monorail ‫قطار أحادي الخط‬
device ‫جهاز‬ New administrative capital ‫العاصمة اإلدارية الجديدة‬
disability ‫ اعاقة‬pandemic ‫ وباء‬- ‫جائحة‬

distance ‫ مسافة‬percent ‫بالمائة‬
district ‫ حي – مقاطعة‬predict ‫يتنبأ‬
driverless ‫ ذاتى القيادة‬prediction ‫تنبؤ‬
drone ‫ طائرة بدون طيار‬print ‫يطبع‬
electric bus ‫ حافلة كهربائية‬produce ‫ينتج‬
expert ‫ خبير‬professional ‫محترف‬
explore ‫ يستكشف‬qualification ‫مؤهل‬
farmland ‫ ارض زراعية‬race ‫سباق‬
feed ‫ يطعم‬rise ‫ يرتفع‬/ ‫يزداد‬
float ‫ تعوم‬/‫ تطفو‬robot ‫انسان الي‬
hear of ‫ يسمع عن‬robot teacher ‫معلم الى‬
39
robotics ‫ علم الروبوتات‬Solar panels ‫الواح شمسية‬
seal )‫ فقمة (عجل البحر‬Three-dimensional ‫ثالثى األبعاد‬
set up ‫ يبدأ‬/ ‫ يؤسس‬virtual reality ‫الواقع اإلفتراضى‬
smart ‫ أنيق‬/ ‫ ذكى‬wherever ‫أينما‬
Smart apartment ‫ شقة سكنية ذكية‬wind turbine ‫طاحونة الهواء‬
Definitions
3D printer a machine that can make copies of whole objects.
assistant Somebody who helps a person do their job.
cashless done without using money you can hold.
control The ability to make something do what you want.
controls Things used to operate a vehicle or a machine.
cycle lane a special place on the road where people can cycle.
definitely Certainly, without doubt.
distance The space between two things.
district an area of a town, a city or the countryside.
e-sports player a player of online video games.
internship When you work to learn about a job sometimes without pay.
law The rules that people in a country must follow.
likely Probably going to happen or probably true.
marathon a running race of around 42 kilometers.
monorail a railway system uses a single rail, usually above the ground.
probably Almost certain
qualification When you have special training to do a job
Robotics engineer a person whose job is to design or work with robots.
skill The ability to do something well
virtual reality Using the computer to think that you are in a real situation

3D printer ‫ طابعة ثالثية األبعاد‬Land on ‫يهبط على‬
around one third of ...‫ حوالى ثلث‬Make a plan ‫يخطط‬
distance learning ‫ التعليم عن بعد‬Make prediction ‫يتنبأ‬
do an internship ‫ يقوم بأداء فترة تدريب‬Move up ‫ يرتفع‬/ ‫يتصاعد‬
do an online course ‫ يؤدي دورة تدريبية‬Negative effect ‫تأثير سلبي‬
do presentations ‫عرض‬ ‫بأداء‬ ‫ يقوم‬On roads ‫على الطرق‬
‫تقديمى‬
40
do projects ‫ يقوم بعمل مشروعات‬Online learning ‫التعليم عن بعد‬
do the marathon ‫ يشارك فى سباق العدو‬Positive effect ‫تأثير ايجابي‬
driverless car ‫ سيارة بال قائد‬Road signs ‫إشارات الطريق‬
Electronic sports ‫ رياضة الكترونية‬Set a goal ‫يحدد هدف‬
Floating farmlands ‫ ارض زراعية عائمة‬Set up a business ‫يؤسس شركة‬
get an internship ‫ يحصل على فترة تدريب‬Sports centre ‫مركز شباب‬
get on ‫ يركب مواصلة‬The gate towers ‫أبراج البوابة‬
give a home to ‫ مسكن لـ‬/ ‫ يعطى مأوى‬Throw away ‫يتخلص من‬
hear of ‫ يسمع عن‬Twice as many people ‫ضعف عدد السكان‬
in about a year’s time ‫ خالل حوالى عام‬waste less food ‫يضيع طعام اقل‬
in conclusion ‫ في الختام‬without pay ‫بدون اجر‬
Synonyms & Antonyms
agree ‫ يقبل‬accept disagree
ask inquire respond / reply
check ‫ يفحص‬examine ignore
definitely ‫ بالتأكيد‬certainly Probably/doubtfully
difference ‫ إختالف‬diversity similarity
disabled ‫ معاق‬handicapped
land Come down Take off
professional ‫ محترف‬expert amateur
rise ‫ يزداد‬increase decrease/decline
safe ‫ امن‬protected unsafe/dangerous
Set up establish - organize Finish / stop
Prefixes & suffixes

account ‫حساب‬ accountant
Administrate ‫يدير‬ administrative
Arab ‫عرب‬ Arabic
assist ‫يساعد‬ assistant
cash ‫نقدى‬ cashless
driver ‫سائق‬ driverless
41
equip ‫يجهز‬ equipment
mono ‫ أحادى‬monorail
predict ‫يتنبؤ‬ prediction
real ‫حقيقى‬ reality
slight ‫ خفيف‬- ‫طفيف‬ slightly
Language notes
rise ) ‫ يرتفع ( ال تأخذ مفعول‬/ raise ) ‫يرفع (تأخذ مفعول‬
Prices rise quickly .
The sea level rises due to rain.
Can you raise your voice?
He raised his hand to answer.
hear of / about ‫ يسمع عن‬hear from‫يتلقي اخبار من‬

I'd never heard of him before he won the prize.
We haven't heard from her for ages.
profession ‫مهنة‬ professional ‫مهني‬ professional player ‫العب محترف‬
( ‫ ( مع بعض الكلمات تعطي الصفة مثل الكلمات االتية‬ic ) ‫) عند استخدام الالحقة‬
Electric / Arabic / heroic / robotic / economic
(‫ ( مع بعض الكلمات تعطي العكس في المعني مثل الكلمات االتية‬less ) ‫) عند استخدام الالحقة‬
 driverless / harmless / useless / careless / helpless / hopeless /endless
Pandemic ) ‫ جائحة (انتشار مرض حول العالم‬epidemic)‫وباء (انتشار مرض فى مكان محدد‬
Corona virus pandemic is worrying the whole world.
Plague ‫ الطاعون‬has become an epidemic in some countries.
42
Future with will / going to
will + inf.
‫تستخدم للتنبؤ بما قد يحدث مستقبال في حالة عدم وجود دليل‬
I think it will rain tomorrow..
‫تستخدم أيضا للتعبير عن الحقائق المستقبلية ليس للفاعل ارادة فيها وهكذا السمات الشخصية واألراء الشخصية‬
I am 18. Next year, I will be 19 years old.
‫كما تستخدم التخاذ قرار سريع بعمل شيء ما‬
Someone's at the door .I will see who it is.
‫عند عرض عمل شيء أو تقديم خدمة ما‬
I will fix the car for you.
‫عندما نطلب من شخص عمل شيء‬
Will you help me carry this bag, please?
)‫الترتيب لعمل شيء وقت الحديث دون تخطيط مسبق (ترتيبات لحظية‬
I will meet my friends this evening.
‫عمل الوعود والتهديدات والتحذيرات‬
Be careful or you will fall off the ladder.
Be + going to + inf
‫تستخدم للتنبؤ بما قد يحدث مستقبال في حالة وجود دليل‬
The sky is full of clouds. It's going to rain.
decide/decision/plan/made up…mind ‫تستخدم للتعبير عن القرارات والخطط والنوايا المسبقة مع التعبيرات‬
I'm going to buy this new car. It's my decision.
intend/intentions ‫تستخدم للتعبير عن النوايا والطموحات مع‬
Omar is going to join the faculty of engineering. It's his intention.
43
watch out / look out / be careful / take care ‫تستخدم مع تعبيرات التنبيه‬
Watch out! You are going to fall in the hole.) ‫( توقع بدليل‬
Watch out! You will fall in the hole. )‫( تحذير‬
will ‫ اما بدون دليل نختار‬going to ‫ بدليل نختار‬think – believe ‫الحظ ان االفعال‬
He can't swim. I think he is going to drown.
do you intend to + inf= are you going to + inf ‫الحظ ان‬
Is she going to take the test? = does she intend to take the test?
( want – decide – intend – plan ) ‫ ( عند وجود هذه الكلمات في الجملة‬going to ) ‫نستخدم‬
I have decided to build a new house. I am going to build a new house.
I want to buy a car. I am going to save money.
I am going to visit Luxor and Aswan .This is my plan.
I am going to go rock climbing. I hope it will be a wonderful trip.
He is playing really well .He is going to win the game.
44

Excel Prep 3 SECond Term 2024 by MR - Adel Younis

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Synonyms & Antonyms

Prefixes & suffixes

2. Wonder ‫ أعجوبة‬/ ‫ يتسائل‬/ wander ‫يهيم على وجهه بال هدف‬/‫يتجول‬

3. a three - hour drive ‫يقود لمدة ثالث ساعات‬

4. star ‫ نجم‬/ planet ‫ كوكب‬/ meteorite ‫نيزك‬

5. beach ‫ شاطيء‬/ coast ‫ الساحل‬/ bank ‫ضفة نهر أو بحيرة‬

6. species ‫ فصائل او انواع‬/ spices ‫توابل‬

7. really + ‫ صفة‬/ really + ‫حال‬

8. as a result = so ‫ لذلك‬/ as a result of = because of ‫بسبب‬

9. own ‫ يملك‬/ owe to ‫يدين لــــ‬

10. belong to ‫يخص او ينتمي الى‬

11. endangered = (be) in danger ‫في خطر او معرض للخطر‬

12. with = have / has ‫له أو يملك‬

13. avoid + ‫ اسم‬/ V + ing ‫يتجنب‬

16. Bear ‫ ( تلد‬bore – born ) /bear ‫ ( يتحمل‬bore – borne )

He couldn't bear to see the dog in pain.

17. depression = dip ‫ منخفض‬/depression ‫ كساد‬/ ‫اكتئاب‬

- present simple ‫المضارع البسيط‬

‫ في السؤال بكلمة استفهام يكون الشكل كاالتي‬- 5

‫صيغة المبنى للمجهول في المضارع البسيط‬

Ali mends cars. Cars are mended by Ali.

They don't use mobiles. Mobiles aren't used by them.

‫( ويوجد‬d - ed - ied) + ‫الماضي البسيط هو التصريف الثاني للفعل أي المصدر‬- 1

Synonyms & Antonyms

Prefixes & suffixes

Expressions & prepositions

2. reasons for ‫ أسباب‬reason why + ‫جملة كاملة‬/ causes of ‫أسباب‬

3. start / begin / finish (by)+ V + ing

4. traditions ‫ تقاليد او عادات مجتمع‬/ habits ‫عادات شخص‬

5. a way to + ‫ مصدر‬/ a way of + v + ing

6. made of / from ‫ مصنوع من‬/ made into ‫يحول او يصنع الى‬

7. let + ‫ مفعول‬+ ‫ = مصدر‬allow + ‫ مفعول‬+ to + ‫مصدر‬

9. enough + ‫ اسم‬/ ‫ صفة‬+ enough

10. along ‫ بطول او بمحاذاة‬/ a long + ‫اسم‬...... ‫طويل‬

11. Because )‫ = ألن )تتبع بالسبب‬this is because

12. So)‫ = لذلك )تتبع بالنتيجة‬that is why

If he arrives early, he will catch the bus.

Will + subject +inf + if + ‫?مضارع بسيط‬

What will happen if he studies hard?

Verbs + infinitive / - ing

arrange ‫يرتب‬ help ‫يساعد‬

( V + ing) ‫ يوجد بعض األفعال يأتي بعدها‬- 2

) to + ‫(مصدر‬ ‫ ( أو‬v + ing) ‫ يوجد بعض األفعال يأتي بعدها‬- 3

(ing) ‫ تعبيرات عامة يأتي بعدها‬- 4

Stop + (to + inf.) ‫يتوقف لكي يفعل شيء ما‬

He stopped buying a newspaper. =he no longer buys a newspaper.

Remember + (to + inf.) ) ‫يتذكر ما ينبغي عليه أن يفعل (قبل الفعل‬

Forget + (to + inf.) )‫ينسى أن يفعل شيء ما (الحدث لم يتم‬

He forgot locking the door.= He locked it but couldn’t remember.

Regret + (to + inf.) ‫يأسف أنه مضطر أن يفعل شيء ما‬

I regret quitting my job. It was a stupid thing to do.

Need + v+ ing = need +to + be+ p.p ) (Passive)

) to + ‫( فيأتي بعدهم )مصدر‬love - like - prefer) ‫( قبل‬would) ‫ اذا جاءت كلمة‬-

2. raise ‫ يجمع مال‬- ‫ يربي حيوانات‬- ‫يرفع يدة‬

3. provide + ‫ شيء‬+ for + ‫ = شخص‬provide + ‫ شخص‬+ with + ‫شيء‬

4. Living ‫ المعيشة‬alive ‫ على قدي الحياة‬lively ‫حيوى‬

5. protect.......from / against ‫يحمي من او ضد‬

6. Promise to + ‫ مصدر‬/ promise that + ‫فاعل‬

7. give up + V + ing ..... ‫ = يقلع عن‬stop doing

8. special ‫ خاص بفئة او طبقة‬/ private ‫ملك شخص أو عائلة‬

9. with + ‫شيء‬.......... ‫ = له او يملك‬has / have

10. long = in length