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भारत सरकार
केंद्रीय विद्युत प्राधिकरण

सेिा भिन (उत्तरी खंड) कक्ष सं. 622, छठा तल,
आर.के.पुरम, नई दिल्ली-110066
टे ली फैक्स – 26103246, ई-मेल – celegal-cea@gov.in
िेबसाइट – www.cea.nic.in
सािवजननक नोदटस
विद्यत
ु अधिनियम, 2003 की िारा 73(e) के अिस
ु रण में , केंद्रीय विद्यत
ु प्राधिकरण
(के.वि.प्रा.) द्िारा केंद्रीय विद्यत
ु प्राधिकरण (विद्यत
ु संयंत्रों और विद्यत
ु लाइनोँ के ननमावण के
ललए तकनीकी मानक) विननयम, 2010 को िर्ष 2010 में अधिसूधित ककये गए थे। पूिष में इि
विनियमों को 07 अप्रैल, 2015 को पहली बार संशोधित ककया गया था। अब उपयक्
ुष त विनियमों
में विशशष्ट खंडों को पुि: संशोधित ककए जािे का प्रस्ताि ककया जाता है । उक्त विनियमों में
प्रस्तावित प्रारूप संशोिि के.वि.प्रा. की िेबसाइट www.cea.nic.in पर उपलब्ि हैं। विनियमों में
प्रस्तावित प्रारूप संशोिि को 21 अगस्त, 2019 तक 11:00 बजे से 16:00 बजे तक ककसी भी
कायष दििस को मुख्य अशभयंता (विधि), कमरा िं. 622, सेिा भिि (उत्तरी खंड), छठा तल,
आर.के.पुरम, िई दिल्ली-110066 के कायाषलय में भी िे खा जा सकता है ।
सभी दहतिारकों एिं आम जिता से प्रारूप विनियमों पर अपिी दटप्पणणयां डाक अथिा ई-
मेल (celegal-cea@gov.in) के जररए मुख्य अशभयंता (विधि), कमरा िं. 622, सेिा भिि, (उत्तरी
खंड), 6िां तल, आर.के.परु म, िई दिल्ली-110066 को 21 अगस्त, 2019 तक भेजिे का अिुरोि
ककया जाता है ।
(पी सी कुरील)
सधिि, के.वि.प्रा.
(To be published in the Gazette of India, Part III Section 4)
Government of India
Ministry of Power
Central Electricity Authority
New Delhi, dated the 2019
NOTIFICATION
No. CEA/TETD/MP/R/01/2010 - Whereas the draft regulation proposing to amend the

Central Electricity Authority (Technical standards for Construction of Electrical Plants and
Electrical lines) Regulations 2010 was published in six newspapers dailies, as required
by sub-section (3) of section 177 of the Electricity Act, 2003 (36 of 2003) read with sub-
rule (2) of rule (3) of the Electricity (Procedure for previous Publication) Rules, 2005,
inviting objections and suggestions from all persons likely to be affected thereby, before
the expiry of the period of thirty days, from the date on which the copies of the newspaper
containing the said publications were made available to the public;
And whereas copies of the said newspapers containing the said regulations were
made available to the public on the 13th April, 2017.
And whereas the objections and suggestions received from the public on the said
draft regulations were considered by the Central Electricity Authority.
Now, therefore in exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (2) of section

177 of the Electricity Act 2003 (36 of 2003), the Central Electricity Authority hereby makes
the following regulations further to amend the Central Electricity Authority (Technical
Standards for Construction of Electrical Plants and Electric Lines) Regulations 2010,
namely:-
1. (1) These Regulations may be called the Central Electricity Authority (Technical
Standards for Construction of Electrical Plants and Electric Lines) Amendment
Regulations, 2019.
(2) They shall come into force on the date of their publication in the Official Gazette.
2. In the Central Electricity Authority (Technical Standards for Construction of

Electrical Plants and Electric Lines) Regulations, 2010 (hereinafter referred to as
the said regulations) in regulation 2, sub-regulation (1)-
i) after clause (b), the following clause shall be inserted, namely:-
‘(ba) “automatic voltage regulator” means a continuously acting automatic

excitation control system to regulate a generating unit terminal Voltage;’;
(ii) after clause (k), the following clause shall be inserted, namely:-
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‘(ka) “generator transformer” means power transformer required to step up
generator voltage to connected bus voltage;’;
(iii) after clause, (zb), the following clause shall be inserted, namely:-
‘(zba) “motor control centre“ means the switchgear which contains modules for
electric supply to motor and its control;’;
(iv) after clause (ze), the following clause shall be inserted, namely:-
‘(zea) “power system stabilizer” means controlling equipment which receives input
signals of speed, frequency and power to control the excitation via the voltage
regulator for damping power oscillations of a synchronous machine;’;
(v) after clause (zl), the following clause shall be inserted, namely:-
‘(zla) “station transformer” means power transformer required to step down the
grid voltage to cater to the starting and shut down of generating unit load and
station load during running;’;
(vi) after clause (zv), the following clause shall be inserted, namely:-
‘(zva) “unit auxiliary transformer” means the transformer meant for catering the
loads connected to unit buses corresponding to auxiliaries required for respective
Boiler, Turbine and Generator;’;
(vii) after clause (zw), the following clause shall be inserted, namely:-
‘(zwa) “ultra super-critical unit” in relation to coal or lignite based thermal generating
unit means a supercritical unit with steam temperature of 600/ 6000C or higher at
turbine inlet;’;
3. In regulation 3 of the said regulations,-
(i) in sub-regulation (4), for clause (e), (f) and (g), the following shall be substituted,
namely:-
“(e) Central Electricity Authority (Measures relating to Safety and Electric Supply),
Regulations, 2010;
(f) Central Electricity Authority (Safety Requirements for Construction, Operation
and Maintenance of Electrical Plants and Electric Lines) Regulations, 2011;
(g) Central Electricity Authority (Grid Standards) Regulations, 2010.”;
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(ii) In sub-regulation 8, for clause (b), (c) and (d), the following clauses shall be
substituted, namely:-
“(b) copies of the project design memorandum, technical description, data

sheets, O&M manuals and manufacturer’s warranties for all major items and/
or equipment;
(c) copies of the results of all tests performed including Performance Guarantee
Test reports;
(d) technical documents relating to the design, engineering and construction of

the electrical plant and/or electric line including technical specifications for
Main Plant and major Balance of Plant systems (as applicable);”;
(iii) in sub-regulation (8), after clause (d), the following clause shall be inserted,
namely:-
“(e) Indian Boiler Regulation/ Chief Controller of Explosive approved documents,

Statutory clearances and safety procedures.”.
(iv) after sub-regulation (9), the following sub-regulation shall be inserted, namely:-
“(10) Due attention and importance shall be given to cyber security for automation
and control systems in the electric sector. The firewall and Virtual Private Network
(VPN) technology or any other state-of art technology shall be built up for security
of the system. The access to systems and devices shall be further protected by
using user authentication and authorisation. The standards like North American
Electric Reliability Corporation critical infrastructure protection (NERC- CIP),
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) addressing cyber security for control system
and Guidelines of National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre
(NCIIPC), Government of India, shall be followed.”.
4. In regulation 5 of the said regulations,-
(i) for sub- regulation (1), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(1) The coal/ lignite and gas based thermal generating stations shall be designed
to give life of not less than twenty five (25) years. IC engine based Stations shall
be designed for life not less than fifteen (15) years.”;
(ii) in sub- regulation (3), for clause (b), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(b) Noise level for the continuously operating equipment shall not be more than
85 dBA at a distance of 1 metre and at a height of 1.5 metre from any equipment
except for the following:
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i) Turbine- Generator and Pulverizers - 90 dBA
ii) Safety valves and associated vent pipes, HP/LP Bypass Valve, Soot
blowers/ Wall blowers, Regulating drain valves - 105 dBA
iii) IC engine based generating sets of capacity upto 1 MVA. They shall
meet the stipulations of MOE&F on “Noise limit for generator sets run
with diesel”.
For short term exposure, noise levels shall not exceed the limits as
stipulated in the Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA)
Standard.”.
(iii) for sub- regulation (5), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(5) All the equipment and surfaces (excluding coal or lignite mills, pulverized fuel
pipes, lube oil piping and electrical equipment) having skin temperature more than
600C shall be provided with required insulation along with cladding. The insulating
materials, accessories and protective covering shall be non-sulphurous,
incombustible, low chloride content, chemically rot proof, non-hygroscopic and
shall withstand continuously and without deterioration the maximum temperature
to which they will be subjected as per duty conditions. Insulation or finishing
materials containing asbestos in any form shall not be used.”.
5. In regulation (6) of said regulations,-
i) in sub-regulation (2), for clause (d), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(d) Adequate space shall be provided for unloading and maintenance

purposes in Turbine - Generator (TG) area. Requisite lay down area shall be
provided for each unit on TG floor and same shall be approachable with electric
overhead travelling (EOT) crane. In case of coal or lignite based generating
stations, two transverse bays shall be provided in TG area at ground level for
unloading and maintenance purposes. The location of bays shall depend upon
lifting method to be used for generator stator and also the functional
requirements. For Stations with multiple units, adequate space shall be
provided to meet the requirement for simultaneous maintenance of two units.
One number maintenance/ unloading bay shall be provided at ground level at
the start of the first unit.”;
ii) in sub-regulation (2), clause (j) shall be deleted:-
“(j) Deleted.”.
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i) in sub-regulation (1), for clause (c), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(c) Operating grid frequency variation of -5% to +3% (47.5 Hz to 51.5 Hz).”;
ii) for sub-regulation (3), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(3) The sub-critical unit shall be designed for constant pressure and sliding
pressure operation. The supercritical unit shall be designed for sliding pressure
operation / modified sliding pressure condition where, at any operating load, the
throttle reserve shall be sufficient so as to achieve an instantaneous increase in
turbine output by 5% of the corresponding load.”;
iii) for sub-regulation (4), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(4) The design shall cover adequate provision for quick start up and loading of
the unit to full load at a fast rate. The unit shall have minimum rate of loading
or unloading of 3% per minute above the control load (i.e. 50% MCR). For
supercritical and ultra super-critical units, minimum rate of loading or unloading
shall be 5% per minute above the control load (i.e. 50% MCR).”.
i) for sub-regulation (4), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(4) Boiler Maximum Continuous Rating (BMCR) shall correspond to at least

102% of the steam flow at turbine inlet under VWO (valves wide open) condition
[including overload valves (HP stage by pass) if provided] plus continuous steam
requirement for auxiliary systems of the unit (e.g. fuel oil heating, etc.) when unit
is operating above control load. The steam generator shall be capable to give
BMCR output for the worst fuel quality stipulated.”;
“(11) Pulverised fuel combustion based steam generator shall not require oil
support above 40% unit BMCR load. However, FBC based steam-generator
shall be designed such that oil support is not needed beyond 25% BMCR
load.”;
iii) in sub-regulation (12), for clause (c), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(c) Coal supply to the mills shall be from the individual coal bunkers having
storage capacity of about 10 hours for the unit operation at MCR;”;
iv) for sub-regulation (16), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(16) The dust collecting system (electro-static precipitator, bag filter etc.) shall
be provided for removing suspended particulate matter (SPM) from the flue
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gases to meet the statutory stipulation as per environmental clearances.
Electro-static precipitator (ESP) shall comply with the following requirements:
(a) ESP shall be able to meet the stipulated SPM emission requirement even
when one electric field in each pass of the ESP is out of service while firing
stipulated worst fuel with unit operation at MCR;
(b) ESP shall be provided with effective ash evacuation system having controls
for ash temperature and ash level in the hopper. Each hopper shall have a
storage capacity of minimum of eight (8) hours with unit operation at MCR. The
hopper valley angle to the horizontal shall be minimum 60 degrees;
(c) Specific weight of ash may be considered not more than 650 kg/m 3 for
determining hopper storage capacity and not less than 1350 kg/m 3 for ESP
structural design;
(d) Pressure withstand capability of the ESP casing shall correspond to

minimum ± 660 mmwc at 67% yield strength and flue gas temperature of
2000C.
Similar requirements shall be applicable for bag filter also.”.
i) for Table 1, the following table shall be substituted, namely:-
“Table 1
Unit rating (MW) Heat rate* (kcal/kWh) Heat rate* (kcal/kWh)

at 100% MCR with at 100% MCR with
motor driven BFP turbine driven BFP
50 MW to less than 100 MW ** 2280
100 MW to less than 200 MW ** 2000 -
**
200 MW to less than 250 MW 1970 -
250 MW to less than 500 MW ** 1955 -
500 MW and above** 1895 1935
Supercritical units 1790 1830
Ultra Supercritical Units 1750 1790
*corresponding to reference conditions of 33 deg C cooling water temperature

and 0% de-mineralised water make up.
**
sub-critical units.”;

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“(4) The steam flow through steam turbine under valves wide open (VWO)
condition shall correspond to 105% of steam flow corresponding to MCR
output. Further, the turbine output under VWO condition shall be minimum
105% of TMCR output.”;
“(6) Suitable mechanism shall be provided to ensure lubrication and prevent

damage to bearings of steam turbine-generator during starting or turning gear
operation. Jacking oil system, if provided, to supply high pressure oil to
bearings of steam turbine-generator to lift the rotor during starting or turning
gear operation shall be with 2x100% jacking oil pumps (one AC driven and one
DC driven). Hand barring gear shall be provided for manually rotating the
turbine in an emergency.“;
“(7) The oil used for turbine governing (control) shall be supplied either from
the lubricating oil system or from a separate control oil system. In case of
separate control oil system, the pumps provided shall be of 2x100% capacity.
Fire resistant fluid shall be used in control fluid system for all hydraulically
operated valves/ servo motor of turbine stop and control valves.”;
v) in sub-regulation (18), for clause (d), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(d) Vacuum pumps or steam ejectors shall be provided as per Heat Exchange
Institute (HEI) Standards or equivalent for evacuating air steam mixture and
non-condensable gases from the condenser.”
vi) for sub-regulation (19), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(19) 3x50% or 2x100% condensate extraction pumps shall be provided for

each unit. The design shall meet the requirements of Hydraulic Institute
Standards (HIS) or equivalent.”;
vii) in sub-regulation (20), for clause (a), the following shall be substituted,
namely:-
“(a) Large Size Units (500 MW & above)

2x50% or 1x100% turbine driven BFP(s) plus one (1) number motor driven
BFP of adequate capacity for start- up of the unit.
or
2x50% motor driven BFPs.”;
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viii) in sub-regulation (20), for clause (b), the following shall be substituted,
namely:-
“(b) Small Size Units (< 500 MW)

3x50% or 2x100% motor driven BFPs.”.
“(d) For hydrogen cooled generators, hydrogen gas system shall be provided.
In case, driers are provided, the same shall be of 2x100% duty to maintain
dryness of hydrogen inside the machine. Suitable system shall be provided to
prevent condensation during long shut down. The system shall have the
provision of on-line dew point measurement as well as gas analyser.”;
ii) in sub-regulation (2), for clause (f), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(f) In case of hydrogen cooled machines, the seal oil system provided shall be
equipped with 2x100% AC motor driven pumps and 1x 100% DC motor driven
pump or any other proven system as per OEM practices/ recommendations.
The system shall be provided with coolers (if applicable) and filters each having
2x100% duty.”;
iii) in sub-regulation (2), in clause (g), for sub-clause (iii), the following sub-clause
shall be substituted, namely:-
“(iii) Automatic voltage regulator shall have 2x100% auto channels and
automatic changeover. In the event of failure of auto channels, manual control
shall be possible. In case of Static Excitation System, Power thyristor converter
shall be fully controlled three phase, full wave bridge type with fast and high
ceiling performance. The converter shall have ‘N+2’ redundancy where N is the
number of bridges required to deliver rated excitation current and ‘N+1’ number
of bridges shall deliver the ceiling voltage/current. In case of brushless
excitation system, rectifier assembly shall be provided with either complete
bridge as redundant or at least one redundant parallel branch in each of the six
arms of the bridge.”;
iv) in sub-regulation (3), in clause (b), for sub-clause (ii), the following shall be
“(ii) filled with mineral oil and cooling shall be of oil forced air forced (OFAF) /
oil directed air forced (ODAF) type. Alternate cooling arrangement viz. oil
natural air forced (ONAF), or oil natural air natural (ONAN) may also be
adopted depending upon unit size. It shall be provided with two or more cooling
radiator banks. Suitable number of standby fans and oil pumps shall be
8
provided. Total capacity of coolers for each transformer shall be minimum
120% of actual requirements.”;
v) In sub-regulation (3), in clause (b), the sub-clause (iii) shall be deleted :-
“(iii) Deleted.”;
vi) in sub-regulation (3), in clause (c), for sub-clause (ii), the following shall be
“(ii) filled with mineral oil and cooling shall be of oil natural air forced (ONAF) or
oil natural air natural (ONAN) type. However, oil forced air forced (OFAF) / oil
directed air forced (ODAF) cooling may also be adopted depending upon
transformer size. It shall be provided with two or more cooling radiator banks.
Suitable number of standby fans and oil pumps shall be provided. Total
capacity of coolers for each transformer shall be minimum 120% of actual
requirements.”;
vii) in sub-regulation (3), in clause (c), the sub-clause (iii) shall be deleted :-
viii) in sub-regulation (3), in clause (d), for sub-clause (i), the following shall be
“(i) For GCB scheme, Station transformer may not be required. In case of Non-
GCB Scheme, the station transformer(s) shall be used to cater the start-up
power requirement, station auxiliary load requirement during normal operation
of the unit(s) and unit load in case of outage of UAT.”;
ix) in sub-regulation (3), in clause (d), for sub-clause (ii), the following shall be
“(ii) Station transformer shall be filled with mineral oil and cooling shall be of oil
forced air forced (OFAF) / oil directed air forced (ODAF) type. Alternate cooling
arrangement viz. oil natural air forced (ONAF), or oil natural air natural (ONAN)
may also be adopted depending upon unit size. It shall be provided with two or
more cooling radiator banks. Suitable number of standby fans and oil pumps
shall be provided. Total capacity of coolers for each transformer shall be
minimum 120% of actual requirements.”;
x) in sub-regulation (3), in clause (d), the sub-clause (iii) shall be deleted :-
xi) in sub-regulation (3), for clause (g), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
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“(g) Short circuit withstand test shall be conducted on one of each type and
rating of power transformers to validate the design and quality if ordered
quantity is more than one (whether three phase or single phase) unless such
test has been conducted on transformer of same design within last ten (10)
years (from the date of placement of order). In case there is a change in design
before ten (10) years, the new transformer design shall be validated by carrying
out short circuit withstand test”;
xii) for sub-regulation (4), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(4) High tension (HT) switchgear- Sulphur hexa fluoride (SF6) or vacuum
type of circuit breakers shall be provided for HT switchgear (11/6.6/3.3 kV)
which shall be of draw out type, re-strike free, trip free, stored energy operated
and with electrical anti-pumping features. The same shall be applicable for
33kV voltage level also in case used. The protective relays shall be of
numerical type with self-monitoring, diagnostic features and communication
facility. The switchgear shall be designed for suitable fault withstanding
capability.”;
xiii) for sub-regulation (5), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(5) Low tension (LT) switchgear- Air break type of circuit breakers shall
be provided for LT switchgear (415 V) which shall be of draw out type, trip free,
stored energy operated and with electrical anti-pumping features. The
protective relays shall be of numerical type with self monitoring, diagnostic
features and communication facility. The switchgear shall be designed for
suitable fault withstanding capability.”;
xiv) In sub-regulation (6), for clause (d), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(d) The HT busduct (11/6.6/3.3 kV) shall be segregated phase type and LT
busduct (415V) shall be non-segregated phase/ sandwitch type.”;
xv) in sub-regulation (7), for clause (c), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(c) Power supplies, buses, switchgears, interlocks and standby supply

systems for station and unit auxiliaries shall be designed in such a way that the
equipments connected are not endangered under all operating conditions.
Transformer voltage ratios, type of tap changers and tap ranges, impedances
and tolerances thereon shall be so optimized that the auxiliary system voltages
under various grid and loading conditions are always within permissible limits
and equipment are not subjected to unacceptable voltages during operation
and starting of motors. The vector groups of the generator transformers, unit
auxiliary transformers and station transformers shall be so selected that the
paralleling at 11/ 6.6/ 3.3kV buses shall be possible. Further, the vector group
of other auxiliary transformers shall have identical vector groups.”;
xvi) in sub-regulation (7), for clause (d), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
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“(d) In thermal power stations with unit sizes greater than 100 MW, automatic
bus transfer system (consisting of fast, slow etc. transfer in auto mode) shall
be provided to minimize time for transfer from unit to station buses at 11/6.6 kV
levels. Bus transfer scheme shall also have manual mode to initiate transfer
including live changeover through synchronization. The 11/6.6/3.3kV
switchgear buses for balance of plant facilities shall be provided with auto-
closure facility to changeover supply from one source to another. Critical 415V
switchgear buses shall also have auto closure facility to changeover supply
from one source to another.”;
xvii) in sub-regulation (7), for clause (e), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(e) Auxiliary transformers, as required, shall be provided to meet the demand

at various voltage levels of auxiliary power systems, with the criteria that each
switchgear, motor control centre (MCC), distribution board (DB) shall be fed by
2x100% transformers/ feeders. The auxiliary transformers shall be designed to
carry the maximum expected load. The LV auxiliary transformers shall be
energy efficient as per relevant IS 1180.”;
xviii) in sub-regulation (10), for clause (a), the following shall be substituted,
namely:-
“(a) Fully graded protection system with requisite speed, sensitivity and
selectivity shall be provided for the entire station. Protection system shall be
designed so as to avoid mal-operation due to stray voltages. Generator,
Generator transformer, unit auxiliary transformer(s) shall be provided with
protection systems connected to two independent channels/ groups, such that
one channel/ group shall always be available for any type of fault in generator/
generator transformer/ unit auxiliary transformer(s).”;
xix) for sub-regulation (13), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(13) Diesel generator set- Automatic mains failure (AMF) diesel generators
(DG) shall be installed for feeding emergency loads in the event of failure of
Station supply. One DG set shall be provided for each unit of 200 MW and
above. In addition, there shall be one common standby DG set of same rating
to serve a block of two units. For unit sizes less than 200 MW, one DG set may
be provided for every two units. However, a Station with a single unit of 200
MW or higher rating shall be provided with two (2) numbers DG sets of full
design capacity.”;
xx) for sub-regulation (14), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(14) DC system- Standard voltage levels of the DC system shall be 220 volts,
48 volts and 24 volts for control and protection of various equipment. However,
110/125 V DC may be provided for off-site areas and for Gas Turbines as
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applicable. Two sets of batteries, each catering to 100% load, shall be provided
for each DC system. One float -cum- boost charger shall be provided for each
battery.”;
xxi) for sub-regulation (15), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(15) Illumination system- Adequate illumination shall be provided in

accordance with relevant IS. Emergency AC and DC illumination shall also be
provided at important places. Energy conservation measures shall be adopted
while designing the lighting system. Illumination system shall be Energy
Efficient/ LED based as far as practicable/ feasible. For battery backed
emergency lighting, only Energy Efficient/ LED fixtures shall be used.”;
xxii) in sub-regulation (16), after clause (c), the following clause shall be inserted,
namely:-
“(d) All LT motors shall be of premium efficiency (IE3) class as per relevant IS.”.
10. In regulation (11) of said regulations, in sub-regulation (2), in clause (b), for sub-
clause (iii), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(iii) Control systems integral to turbine- generator shall include turbine

protection system, electro-hydraulic governing (EHG) system, turbine stress
control system, turbine supervisory system, automatic turbine run up system
(ATRS) and automatic on load turbine testing (ATT) system.”.
i) in sub-regulation (4), for clause (e), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(e) Waste Water Treatment System
The waste water generated at various locations shall be segregated at the

source of generation according to its type. Similar type of waste waters shall
be collected at one point and suitably treated for reuse in the plant. The
treatment of plant waste water shall be in accordance with the statutory
requirements.”;
ii) in sub-regulation (9), for clause (a), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(a) The EOT cranes shall be provided for maintenance of TG cycle equipment
and CW pumps. These shall comply with the requirements of latest versions
of relevant IS. The crane capacity shall be taken as 5% more than the single
heaviest equipment to be lifted by the crane.”.
12. In regulation (13) of said regulations, in sub-regulation (7), for clause (c), the
following shall be substituted, namely:-
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“(c) Chimney windshield shall be of RCC construction. The flue and flue liners
shall be of material appropriate as per flue gas condition and provided with
suitable thermal insulation. Chimney shall have internal platforms and internal
ladder. The top external portion of windshield shall be provided with alternate
bands of red and white colours to meet aviation safety requirements. Chimney
shall be provided with liner test port for continuous emission monitoring,
lightning protection and grounding system, aviation obstruction lighting and an
elevator.”.
13. In regulation (29) of said regulations, the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(29) Preliminary –
This Chapter stipulates the minimum technical requirements for construction of

Hydro-Electric Generating Stations for various types of schemes i.e. Run- of-river
scheme, Storage scheme, Pumped storage scheme (fixed speed), Canal head
scheme etc. with installed capacity of 25 MW and above. For hydro-electric
generating stations having installed capacity less than 25 MW, the stipulations as
appropriate, shall apply.”.
“(1) While designing hydro-electric projects, the life of the civil works shall not
be less than one hundred (100) years with regular inspection and required
maintenance, while that of main electric-mechanical generating equipment i.e.
turbine, generator, transformers, auxiliaries, etc. installed shall not be less than
thirty-five (35) years.”;
“(2) The station shall be designed for unconstrained operation within the range
of maximum net head and minimum net head, specified silt conditions wherever
applicable and full range of ambient and other environmental conditions.”;
“(4) The chemical analysis of water and silt data including the petrographic and
petrofabric analysis shall be taken into consideration while designing the
turbine, main inlet valve and other auxiliary equipment susceptible to abrasive
effects of silt. Suitable materials, protective coatings and painting shall be
provided to resist silt abrasion wherever required as per the site conditions.”;
13
“(6) The operation of the unit shall be smooth and quiet. The noise level shall
not be more than 90 dBA at a distance of 1 metre from any equipment when
operating near rated head and rated output.”.
15. In regulation (31) of said regulations, for sub-regulation (1), the following shall be
“(1) General layout of the station shall be developed considering the proper
utilization of space, functional requirements, future extensions and considering
requirements of space during construction stage.”.
“(8) The station shall be equipped with facilities for black start of one generating
unit at a time in the event of grid black-out conditions.”.
“(5) Before the manufacturing of the prototype turbine is taken up, homologous
scale model of the prototype turbine shall be made if not already available and
tested to demonstrate that the prototype turbine will meet the guaranteed
performance in respect of efficiency, output, smooth operation, pressure
pulsations and other guarantees as stipulated in the technical specifications.
For power station size up to 100 MW and unit size of 50 MW, Computational
Fluid Dynamics can be used to demonstrate that the prototype turbine will meet
the guaranteed performance in respect of efficiency, output, smooth operation,
pressure pulsations and other guarantees.”;
“(6) The weighted average efficiency shall be computed based on the

efficiencies at various outputs. The weightage factors shall be selected
corresponding to the average duration or period (in percentage) in a year, for
which the units are expected to be operated at different outputs. The weighted
average efficiency obtainable shall not be less than 93% for Francis, 92% for
Kaplan and Bulb turbines and 91% for Pelton, Deriaz & Propeller turbines. The
peak efficiency at rated conditions shall be higher than 94% for Francis, 93%
for Kaplan & Bulb and 91.5% for Pelton, Deriaz & Propeller turbines. The
weighted average efficiency of the turbine shall be determined after the
installation and commissioning of the generating units on the basis of field
acceptance tests on one of the units as per relevant IS/IEC standards.”;
14
“(8) The pressure rise and speed rise of turbine shall be within the range
specified by relevant Indian standards.”;
“(9) The turbine shall be designed to withstand runaway speed for 15 minutes
with cooling water on & intact without causing any residual detrimental effect
on future operation of the machine. However, critical speed of the machine shall
be around 25% higher than maximum runaway speed.”;
v) for sub-regulation (12), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(12) Special care shall be taken to select the material of the underwater parts.
The materials selected for runner, guide vanes, runner chamber, upper draft
tube cone, etc. shall have high wear resistance, corrosion and cavitation
resistance. Besides, the use of the material having good weldability shall be
considered so that parts can be fabricated and the eroded parts can be repaired
easily at site.”;
“(13) As most of the rivers in the Himalayan region carry high silt which erodes
the runner and under water parts of a turbine at a comparatively faster rate,
appropriate protective coatings shall be provided for these parts of a turbine in
order to minimize silt erosion, wherever necessary and feasible.”;
vii) for sub-regulation (15), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(15) The pump turbine shall be capable of giving output higher than the rated
output while operating in the turbine mode. The pump turbine shall be
hydraulically designed giving preference to its operation in “Pumping Mode” so
that optimum efficiencies are obtained in both turbine and pump mode.
However, selection of machine should be made keeping in view predominant
operating mode.”;
viii) after sub-regulation (16), the following sub- regulation shall be inserted,
namely:-
“(17) Each penstock/ hydro turbine shall have online display of water flow
measurement for unit size higher than 100 MW.”.
“(2) High pressure oil system shall be provided for each turbine for the
operation of wicket gates/ nozzle/ deflector servomotors through governors and
15
for the control of main inlet valve (MIV). Piston/ Bladder type accumulator
integrated with nitrogen bottles shall be used for pressures higher than 60
kg/cm2.”;
“(3) Separate oil pressure systems shall be used for the control of turbine and
the control of MIV. However, common oil pressure system can also be
considered, in case MIV is provided with closing weight for normal and
emergency closing. Online filtration unit shall be used with servo valve based
governing system.”;

“(4) The sizes of various components of oil sump tank and pressure receiver
shall be calculated as per the relevant IS/ IEEE standards. The oil volume
below its machine shutdown level shall be sufficient to perform 3 full operations
of the servomotor viz. Close-Open-Close with oil pumps being out of operation
for control of Turbine and open operation of MIV.”.
19. In regulation (35) of said regulations, after sub-regulation (6), the following sub-
regulations shall be inserted, namely:-
“(7) The Penstock Protection Valve shall be provided with counter-weight for
closing. Additional feature of oil assistance closing as back up shall also be
provided for emergency closure;
(8) In Dam Toe Power stations, where main inlet valve is not provided, the
intake gates shall be quick closing type.”.
i) in sub-regulation (1), for clause (b), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(b) The hook capacity shall be taken as 5% more than the maximum weight to
be lifted inclusive of the weight of the lifting beam. If the maximum weight to be
lifted is more than 300 Tonnes, two cranes each of equal capacity shall be
deployed to lift the heaviest package in tandem operation.”;
ii) in sub-regulation (1), for clause (e), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(e) A monorail of adequate capacity can be provided for handling smaller

packages, equipment and sub-assemblies and shall have larger reach than
main crane.”;
iii) in sub-regulation (3), for clause (a), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
16
“(a) Submersible type of dewatering pumps shall be provided to pump out the
water trapped between the penstock gate/main inlet valve and draft tube gate
in case of Francis and Kaplan turbines to the dewatering sump when
maintenance on the turbine of any unit is required to be carried out. The
capacity of the pump shall be chosen in such a way that a single unit can be
dewatered within 6 hours operation without raising the level in the sump with
the main pump(s) in operation. In addition, standby pump(s) of capacity 50 %
of the main pump(s) shall also be provided.”;
iv) in sub-regulation (3), for clause (b), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(b) All the drainage water within the power house shall be collected inside the
drainage sump constructed near the dewatering sump. The drainage water
shall be allowed to flow out to the tail race above the maximum flood water level
using pumps, if required.”;
v) in sub-regulation (5), for clause (a), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(a) The Nitrogen (N2) system having Piston/Bladder type accumulator shall be
provided for pressure 60 kg/cm2 and more for Turbine and MIV. However, if the
high pressure compressed air is opted for lesser pressure requirement of
turbine governing system and MIV, the pressure of HP air compressor shall be
1.1 times the working pressure.”;
vi) in sub-regulation (7), for clause (a), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(a) The insulating oil required in the generator transformers for the hydro
station shall conform to relevant IS. The type of turbine oil used as a working
fluid in speed regulation system and as a lubricant and a coolant for thrust and
guide bearings shall be as per the recommendations of the equipment
manufacturer. The oil type shall be same for bearing and governor.”;
vii) in sub-regulation (8), for clause (c), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(c) The provision shall be made for water sprinkler system for oil plant rooms,
especially in an underground power house. In addition, provision shall also be
made for fire hose cabinets/ hydrants inside the power house as well as for the
transformer area. The water supply for the permanent fire protection installation
should be based on the largest fixed fire suppression system demand plus the
maximum hose stream demand of not less than 1890 L/min for a 2-hour
duration. Two nos. of fire water pumps, each capable of pumping water to fill
the overhead water tank in 6 hours time shall be provided.”.
i) In sub-regulation (2), in clause (a), for sub-clause (ii), the following shall be
17
“(ii) Insulation shall be of thermal class F for the stator and the rotor windings
with temperature rises at rated output, voltage and frequency limited to that of
thermal class B as per relevant IS/IEC standards.”;
ii) In sub-regulation (2), in clause (a), for sub-clause (iv), the following shall be
“(iv) The construction of the generator shall be such that the rotor poles and
stator coils can be handled out or in without removal of the rotor and without
disturbing the upper bearing bracket wherever feasible. The rotor poles shall
be interchangeable with similar type of poles.”;
iii) in sub-regulation (2), in clause (a), for sub-clause (vi), the following shall be
“(vi) The generator rated speed shall match the rated speed of the turbine or
the pump-turbine. A rated speed resulting in even number of pair of poles shall
be preferred.”;
iv) in sub-regulation (2), in clause (a), for sub-clause (ix), the following shall be
“(ix) Metal oxide surge arresters of suitable rating shall be provided for surge
protection of generators.”;
v) in sub-regulation (2), in clause (a), for sub-clause (xii), the following shall be
“(xii) Weighted average efficiency based on the computed efficiencies at

various outputs for which the generator is expected to operate shall be more
than 98% for machine greater than 30 MVA.”;
vi) in sub-regulation (2), in clause (d), for sub-clause (i), the following shall be
“(i) The generator busduct shall comply with the requirements of the latest
versions of relevant IS/IEC standards. Generator busduct shall be segregated
or isolated phase type. Busduct rated more than 3150 Amperes shall be
isolated phase type. The isolated phase ducts shall be preferred over the
segregated phase bus ducts. Generator Busduct rated more than 6000
Amperes shall be continuous isolated phase type. A hot air blowing system or
air pressurization system can be provided to prevent moisture deposition in
case of isolated phase ducts while space heaters may be provided in case of
other busducts.”;
vii) in sub-regulation (3), for clause (e), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
18
“(e) All the performance requirements of the automatic voltage regulation
(AVR), power system stabilizer (PSS) shall be in accordance with relevant
IEEE standards/ Central Electricity Authority (Technical Standards for
Connectivity to the Grid) Regulations,2007 and Central Electricity Authority
(Grid Standards) Regulations,2010 and as amended from time to time.”;
viii) in sub-regulation (4), for clause (c), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(c) Selection of single phase or three phase transformers for hydro power
stations shall be governed by the transportation limitations and shall be
finalised considering the status of load carrying capacities of bridges, culverts
etc. enroute. In case of single phase transformers, one no. transformer for three
and more generating units shall be kept as spare.”;
ix) in sub-regulation (4), for clause (j), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(j) The generator transformers having three phase rating of 120 MVA and
above shall be provided with on line dissolved gas analyzer system.”;
x) in sub-regulation (4), for clause (k), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(k) Short circuit withstand test shall be conducted on one of each type and
rating of Generator Transformers to validate the design and quality if ordered
quantity is more than one (whether three phase or single phase) unless such
test has been conducted on transformer of same design within last ten (10)
years (from the date of placement of order). In case there is a change in design
before ten (10) years, the new transformer design shall be validated by carrying
out short circuit withstand test.”;
xi) in sub-regulation (5), in clause (b), for sub-clause (i), the following shall be
“(i) The station auxiliary AC supply system shall be designed to provide a high
degree of reliability, continuity of service and primarily to supply uninterrupted
AC supply to station auxiliaries during normal operation and unit auxiliaries
during starting and stopping of the unit and during abnormal events.”;
xii) in sub-regulation (5), for clause (c), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(c) The main/ critical switchgear, motor control centres (MCCs), Main Line
Distribution Boards (MLDBs) shall be fed by 2x 100 % transformers/feeders
and these shall be rated to carry the maximum load expected to be imposed.”;
xiii) in sub-regulation (6), for clause (a), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
19
“(a) The DC supply systems for hydro power stations shall comprise of
batteries, battery chargers and DC distribution boards. The standard voltage
rating for the DC system shall be 220V. Suitable converters may be used for
other desired voltage levels.”;
xiv) in sub-regulation (6), for clause (f), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(f) The DC batteries, battery chargers, and DC distribution board shall be

placed at a floor higher than that of machine hall in underground power house
and not below the machine hall floor in surface power house.”;
xv) in sub-regulation (9), for clause (b), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(b) Energy conservation measures shall be adopted, while designing the

lighting system. LED based luminaires, Sodium vapour (high pressure) or other
more efficient latest technology lighting fixtures shall be provided for outdoor
lighting of areas such as switchyards, spillways and dams, parking areas etc.
Automatic switching via photo electric cells can be adopted for outdoor lighting
to optimize power consumption.”;
xvi) in sub-regulation (9), for clause (d), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(d) LED lamps or more efficient lighting shall be used for battery powered
emergency lights.”;
xvii) in sub-regulation (9), after clause (d), the following clause shall be inserted,
namely:-
“(e) LED based illumination system shall be designed and installed as far as
practicable/ feasible at generating stations.”;
xviii) for sub-regulation (10), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(10) EHV/HV/LV power cables, busducts and control cables– Cables shall
be flame retardant, low smoke, low halogen (FRLSH) type. Directly buried
cables shall be essentially armoured type. Cables shall be derated for the site
ambient and ground temperatures, grouping and soil resistivity as per relevant
IS. Wherever feasible/ practicable, HV/LV busduct shall be used for
interconnection.”;
xix) in sub-regulation (12), after clause (g), the following clause shall be inserted,
namely:-
“(h) Protection for 100% stator earth fault for generating unit shall be provided
preferably through injection based principle for more than 200 MW generating
units.”.
20
22. In regulation (38) of said regulations, in sub-regulation (2), for clause (c), the
following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(c) The control system shall be divided in the following groups with
independent controls:
(i) Generating unit controls;
(ii) Common controls (for control of common auxiliaries):
(iii) Station controls (for station auxiliaries);
(iv) Switchyard controls;
(v) Dam gate controls (wherever applicable).
Controls in (ii) to (v) can be suitably integrated on case to case basis depending
upon the extent of control required and the space availability.
The above groups shall be interconnected and also controlled from the control
room through computerized control system (CCS). The type of interconnection
with remote equipment shall be through a reliable communication mode.”.
“(6) The DC batteries, battery chargers and DC distribution boards shall be

placed at a floor higher than of machine hall in underground power house and
not below the machine hall floor in surface power house.”;
ii) the sub-regulation (7) shall be deleted:-
“(7) Deleted.”.
24. For regulation (41) of said regulations, the following shall be substituted, namely :-
“(41) General- (1) The rated rupturing capacity of the circuit breaker to be installed
at any new sub-station or switchyard shall be at least 25% higher than the
calculated maximum fault level at the bus to take care of the increase in short
circuit levels as the system grows. The rated breaking current capability of
switchgear to be installed at different voltage levels shall be considered as shown
in Table 6 below.
Table 6
66 kV 31.5 kA (for 1 sec.)

110 kV / 132 kV 31.5 kA / 40kA (for 1 sec.)
220 / 230kV 40 kA / 50 kA (for 1 sec.)
21
400 kV, 765 kV & 1150 kV 50 kA / 63 kA (for 1 sec.)
(2) If the fault level at a sub-station exceeds or is likely to exceed the permissible
fault level with the addition of more generators and termination of new transmission
lines, adequate measures to limit the fault level like splitting of the sub-station bus
or installation of series reactors on the line or bus or installation of Fault Current
Limiter (FCL) on Line/ bus/ transformer/reactor at the respective sub-stations shall
be resorted to. Appropriate measures shall be taken to address the impact of the
addition of the series reactors or FCL on existing system based on system
studies/dynamic simulations.
(3) The transformation capacity of any single sub- station for meeting loads at
different voltage levels shall not exceed the values indicated in Table 7 below:
Table 7
1150 kV 12000 MVA

765 kV 9000 MVA
400 kV 2000 MVA
220kV / 230 kV 650 MVA
110 kV/ 132 kV 250 MVA
66 kV 100 MVA
Note :- Transformation capacity for switchyard associated with generating station

shall be as per requirement of the installed capacity of generating plant.
(4) The size and number of interconnecting transformers (ICTs) at a sub-

station shall be planned in such a way that the outage of any ICT does not overload
the remaining ICTs or the underlying transmission system.
(5) The location, layout, design and construction of the new installation shall
provide for future expansion.
(6) The sub-station or switchyard shall be designed and constructed to give a

life of not less than 35 years.
(7) The sub-station or switchyard shall have IEC-61850 based Substation

Automation System (SAS) or Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
System. The SAS / SCADA Gateway shall be capable of communicating with Load
Dispatch Centre, backup Load Dispatch Centre and Central Control Centre.”.
25. For regulation (42) of said regulations, the following shall be substituted, namely :-
“(42) Design Considerations for Sub-stations and Switchyards:
22
(1) The sub-station or switchyard shall be conventional / digital type air insulated
sub-station (AIS) or gas insulated sub-station (GIS) or hybrid substation or
combination thereof. The factors to be taken into account for designing sub-
stations shall be as under:
(a) The choice of site for a sub-station or switchyard shall be based on

geographic, environmental, technical and economic factors. The approximate
location shall be determined on grid considerations. The new substation shall
enhance the operational flexibility, system reliability and transmission or
transformation capacity after becoming a part of the network.
(b) Land area required shall be considered based on the present requirement
and the future expansion.
(c) Requirement of installation of power compensating devices like shunt

capacitors, shunt reactors (bus reactors or line reactors), Controlled Shunt
Reactors (CSR), Static VAR Compensators (SVC), Static Synchronous
Compensators (STATCOM), Fixed Series Capacitor (FSC), variable series
capacitor (Thyristor Controlled or Thyristor Protected) or other Flexible AC
Transmission System (FACTS) devices shall be assessed through appropriate
system studies. The series compensation shall be fixed or variable or a
combination of both (partly fixed and partly variable). Similarly shunt
compensation shall be either switched or non-switched type.
(b) The selection of switching schemes shall be based upon requirements for
operational flexibility, system security, reliability, availability, criticality of load,
maintainability and cost.
(c) For new substation with one and half breaker switching scheme, a double
circuit line or two different transformers shall be provided in two different
diameters.
(2) Air insulated sub-stations (AIS)
(a) The switching schemes as per Table 8 shall be adopted at different voltage
levels in AIS depending on the importance of the installation.
Table 8
66kV/ 110kV/ 132kV Main and transfer bus scheme/ Double bus
scheme (with or without breaker bypass
arrangement)
220kV/ 230kV Double main and transfer bus scheme/ Double
bus scheme (with or without breaker bypass
arrangement)
400kV/ 765kV/ 1150kV One and half breaker scheme
23
(b) In case of AIS, busbars shall be either of the rigid type with tubular
aluminium bus conductor or flexible stranded conductor with aluminium
conductor steel reinforced (ACSR) or all aluminium alloy conductor (AAAC) or
other suitable conductors. The conductor of appropriate rating and the number
of conductors to be used in case of bundle conductors shall be selected
considering power flow requirements, corona effect and ambient conditions.
For the rigid busbar arrangement, aluminium pipes conforming to relevant
standard shall be used.
(c) Outdoor air insulated sub-station or switchyard shall be shielded against

direct lightning stroke by provision of overhead shield wire or earthwire or
spikes (masts) or a combination thereof as per relevant IS/IEC/IEEE.
(3) Gas insulated sub-stations
(a) Gas insulated sub-station (GIS) installations shall generally be preferred to

conventional AIS as a techno-economic solution for locations where space is a
major constraint, seismic prone areas, coastal areas, high altitude areas and
very heavily polluted areas. However, techno-economic analysis shall be done
to determine the preference for each GIS installation. The GIS shall comply
with relevant IS/ IEC standards. The GIS installations shall be outdoor/ indoor/
underground type depending on site requirement.
(a) The switching scheme has a large impact on the total cost of the GIS and
shall be properly evaluated for a particular project. The switching schemes as
per Table 8a shall be adopted at different voltage levels in GIS.
Table 8a
66 kV Single bus scheme/ Main and transfer bus scheme

110kV / 132kV Main and transfer bus scheme/ Double bus scheme
220kV / 230kV Double bus scheme
400kV/765kV/1150kV One and half breaker scheme/ Double bus scheme
(b) GIS shall be isolated phase or three phase non-magnetic enclosure type for
voltage upto 220kV. For 400kV and above voltage levels, it shall be isolated
phase non-magnetic enclosure type.
(c) The arrangement of gas sections or compartments shall be such as to

facilitate future extension on either end without any drilling, cutting or welding
on existing equipment from any manufacturer and without the necessity of
moving or dislocating the existing switchgear bays. The layout of Gas Insulated
24
Bus Ducts shall be properly planned to optimize the length of bus ducts and for
easy accessibility for maintenance.
(d) The design shall be such that all parts subjected to wear and tear are easily
accessible and removable for maintenance purposes. The equipment shall be
protected against all types of voltage surges as per IS/IEC limits and shall
necessarily include any component or assembly required for this purpose.
(e) The length of busbars, bus ducts, isolator sections shall be optimized
considering effects of fast transient voltage due to isolator operations.
(f) The crane of suitable capacity shall be installed in GIS building for
movement of single largest module for maintenance.
(4) Hybrid sub-station- In a hybrid sub-station, the busbars shall be air

insulated type. Switchgear for a hybrid sub-station shall have some or all functional
units enclosed in SF6 gas insulated housing. A hybrid sub-station can be
considered as a techno-economic solution for locations where space is a constraint
and also for sub-station renovation or augmentation. The switching schemes as
per Table 8a shall be adopted at different voltage levels.
(4A) Digital Substation: Digital Substations, wherever installed, shall

incorporate Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) with integrated information and
communication technology using fibre optic cables, Non-Conventional Instrument
Transformers (NCIT) and merging units that are interfaced with the process bus
and station bus architecture. The use of conventional Instrument Transformers,
Circuit Breakers and Disconnectors with merging unit can also be considered for
Digital Substation.
(4B) Mobile Substations: Wherever required, the vehicle mounted mobile

substation comprising of trailer, incoming and outgoing HV and LV hybrid
switchgears, power transformer, and associated connectors etc. shall be
considered for putting into immediate service to resume power supply in short time
in case of emergency or disaster. The mobile substation shall comply with
provisions of these Regulations, Central Electricity Authority (Measures Relating
to Safety and Electric Supply) Regulations, and other applicable Regulations and
Codes.
(5) Grounding:
(a) Grounding system for the entire switchyard, equipment and buildings shall
be provided in accordance with relevant IS/ IEEE.
(b) The touch and step potential limits shall be maintained within acceptable
limits as per relevant IS/ IEEE standards.
25
(c) Special consideration shall be given for GIS earthing design to handle high
frequency transients.
(d) The use of environmental friendly earthing enhancing compound / material

may also be considered, wherever soil resistivity is very high, to achieve the
objective of effective grounding system.
(e) Condition assessment of earthing mat, earthing pits, earth rod, surface layer
material, and associated connections shall be carried out periodically to ensure
effectiveness of grounding system.
(f) To ensure safety, the step and touch potential measurement within
substation / switchyard shall be carried out as per IS/EEE for new installations
and measurement shall be repeated for old installations at regular interval and
requisite measures shall be taken in case measured values exceed the safe
limit.
(6) The switchyard or sub-station layout shall be decided with due consideration to
statutory safety requirements, ease of erection and maintenance, etc. Safety
clearances shall be maintained in accordance with the Central Electricity Authority
(Measures relating to Safety and Electricity Supply) Regulations. The clearances
shall be adequate for moving portable equipment for maintenance and
maneuvering personnel for carrying out maintenance. Clearances from adjacent
live parts shall be maintained for safety.”.
“(1) System design parameters
(a) The system design parameters of sub-stations and switchyards shall be as

given below in Table 9.
(Table on next page)
Table 9
26
Nominal System 66 kV 110 kV 132 kV 220kV/230 400 kV 765 kV 1150 kV
Voltage kV
Parameter
Highest system 72.5 123 145 245 420 800 1200

voltage (kV)
Rated frequency 50Hz 50Hz 50Hz 50Hz 50 Hz 50Hz 50Hz
No. of phases 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Rated insulation levels
(i) Lightning impulse 325 550 650 1050 1425 2100 2400
withstand voltage
(1.2/50 micro sec.)
(kVpeak)
(ii) Switching impulse - - - - 1050 1550 1800
withstand voltage 1425 (for
(250/ 2500 micro GIS)
sec.) dry and wet
(kVpeak)(phase to
earth)
(iii)One minute power 140 230 275 460 630 830 1200
frequency withstand 650 (for 960 (for
voltage dry(kVrms) GIS) GIS)
Minimum corona - - - - 320 508 762
extinction voltage
(kVrms phase to earth)
Maximum Radio 500 (at 1000 (at 1000 (at 2500 (at 1000 (at
Interference Voltage for 92 kV 156 kV 320 kV 508 kV 762 kV
any frequency between rms)(at rms) rms) rms) rms)
0.5 MHz to 2.0 MHz in
all positions (micro volts)
System neutral Effectively earthed
earthing
Note:-
(i) For insulation level of transformers and reactors refer Table 10.
(ii) Values given in the table are preferred values, however, better values may
be adopted based on system requirement.
(iii) The above parameters are for installations at altitudes upto 1000m above
mean sea level (MSL). For higher altitudes, Insulation level requirements shall
be kept higher as per relevant standards.
27
(b) The insulation level for the transformer and reactor windings and bushings
shall be as per Table 10 below.
Table 10
Windings Bushings
Rated Rated Rated Rated Rated Rated

Highest power switching lightning power switching lightning
voltage for frequency impulse impulse frequency impulse impulse
equipment withstand withstand withstand withstand withstand withstand
voltage voltage voltage voltage voltage voltage
(kVrms) (kVpeak) (kVpeak) (kVrms) (kVpeak ) (kVpeak )
(phase to (phase to
earth) earth)
1200 kV - 1800 2250 1200 1950 2550
800kV - 1550 1950 970 1550 2100
420kV 570 1050 1300 695 1050 1425
245kV 395 750 950 505 850 1050
145kV 275 - 650 305 - 650
123kV 255 - 550 255 - 550

72.5kV 140 - 325 155 - 325
52kV 95 - 250 105 - 250

36kV 70 - 170 77 - 170
24 kV 50 - 125 55 - 125
17.5kV 38 - 95 42 - 95
12 kV 28 - 75 30 - 75
Note:-
(i) Values given in the table are preferred values, however, better values may
be adopted based on system requirement.
(ii) The above parameters are for installations at altitudes upto 1000m above
mean sea level (MSL). For higher altitudes, Insulation level requirements shall
be kept higher as per relevant standards.”;
28
“(a) Power Transformers
(i) The transformers shall comply with relevant IS/IEC standards.
(ii) Transformer banks (formed out of single phase units) or 5 limbed 3 phase
units shall be provided with tertiary windings of rating one third of HV rating.
(iii) The transformers shall be provided with on load tap changer (OLTC) based
on power system requirement. In case, transformers are provided with OLTC,
the tap range shall be optimized depending on system requirement.
(iv) At existing sub-stations, the impedance, vector groups, OLTC connection

and range etc. of a new transformer shall be matched with that of the existing
transformer(s), if parallel operation is desired.
(v) Interconnecting transformers provided with OLTCs shall be suitable for bi-
directional flow of power.
(vi) Noise level of transformer, when energized at normal voltage and frequency
with fans and pumps running and measured under standard operating condition
shall not exceed the values specified in NEMA standard.
(vii) Soak Pit:
a) An oil soak pit of adequate capacity shall be provided below each oil
filled transformer/ reactor to accommodate at least 150% of full
quantity of oil contained in the transformer/reactor and minimum 300
mm thick layer of gravels or pebbles of approximately 40 mm size.
b) Alternatively, a soak pit of adequate capacity to accommodate 1/3rd of

total quantity of oil contained in the transformer/ reactor and minimum
300 mm thick layer of gravels or pebbles of approximately 40 mm size
shall be provided below each transformer/ reactor provided a common
remote burnt oil pit of capacity at least equal to oil quantity in the
largest size transformer/ reactor is provided for a group of
transformers/ reactors.
c) Bottom of the soak pit below the transformer/reactor shall be

connected to the common burnt oil pit with drain pipe of minimum 150
mm diameter for fast draining of oil or water through gravity from soak
pit to the burnt oil pit.
d) Every soak pit below a transformer/reactor shall be suitably designed

to contain oil dropping from any part of the transformer/reactor.
29
e) The burnt oil pit and soak pit, when burnt oil pit is not provided, shall
be provided with suitable automatic pumping facility, to always keep
the pit empty and available for an emergency.
f) The disposal of transformer oil shall be carried out in an environmental

friendly manner.
(viii) Separation walls or fire barrier walls:
a) Separation walls or fire barrier walls shall be provided between the

transformers or reactors and also between transformer and reactor as
per Central Electricity Authority (Measures relating to Safety and
Electric Supply) Regulations.
b) Separation walls or fire barrier walls of minimum 4 hours fire resistance

shall be provided between the transformer/reactor and nearby
buildings in case clear distance as specified in IS:1646 is not available
and the building is not suitable to withstand four (4) hour of continuous
exposure to fire.
c) Separation wall or fire barrier wall shall extend at least 300 mm above
the top of the transformer casing and oil conservator tank and at least
600 mm beyond the width of the transformer and cooling radiators.
(ix) The transformers may be single phase or three-phase type depending upon
transportation constraints.
(x) In case single phase transformers are provided, one single phase
transformer of each rating shall be provided as spare for the entire substation
or switchyard.
(xi) Short circuit withstand test shall be conducted on one unit of each type and
rating of transformers, if ordered quantity is more than 2 nos. of 3-phase
transformer or 6 nos. of single phase transformers of same type and rating, to
validate the design and quality unless such test has been successfully
conducted within last 10(ten) years on transformer of same design and rating.
In case there is change in design, the new transformer design shall be validated
by carrying out short circuit withstand test.
(xii) Fibre Optic Sensors shall be used for Hot spot monitoring of winding/ oil/
core of transformers in addition to WTI/OTI for 400kV and above voltage class
transformers.
(xiii) No arcing horns shall be provided on any of the bushings of the

transformer.”.
30
iii) in sub-regulation (2), in clause (b), for sub-clause (i), the following shall be
“(i) Shunt Reactors
a. Shunt reactors, wherever provided, shall comply with relevant IS/IEC

standards.
b. Shunt reactors upto 420 kV rated voltage shall have linear voltage
vs. current (V/I) characteristics upto 1.5 p.u. voltage. 800kV Shunt reactors
shall have linear V/I characteristics upto 1.25 p.u. voltage.
c. Wherever required, the neutral of the line reactors shall be grounded

through adequately rated Neutral Grounding Reactors (NGR) to facilitate
single phase auto-reclosure. The Neutral Grounding Reactor shall be
provided with bypass arrangement through a breaker so that the line reactor
can be used as Bus reactor as and when required. The neutral of bus
reactor shall be solidly grounded.
d. The neutral of shunt reactor of 420kV and 800kV rated voltage shall
be insulated to 550kV peak for lightning impulse. The neutral of shunt
reactor of 145kV and 245kV rated voltage shall be insulated to 170kV peak
for lightning impulse.
e. The NGR, wherever used with line reactors of 420 kV and 800 kV
rated voltage, shall be protected by means of 145 kV class surge arresters
of suitable rating.
f. In case single phase shunt reactors are provided, then one single
phase unit shall be provided as spare for entire substation or switchyard.”;
iv) in sub-regulation (2), in clause (b), for title of sub-clause (ii), the following shall
be substituted, namely:-
“(ii) Shunt Capacitors”;
v) in sub-regulation (2), in clause (b), after sub-clause (ii), the following sub-clause
shall be inserted, namely:-
“(iii) Controlled Shunt Reactor (wherever provided)
a. The Controlled Shunt Reactor (CSR) shall comply with relevant IS/IEC.
b. The CSR shall generally consist of Controlled Shunt Reactor Transformer

(CSRT), thyristor valves, controller, neutral grounding reactor, necessary
circuit breakers and other auxiliaries.
31
c. Studies shall be carried out to assess any requirement of harmonic
filters.”;
vi) In sub-regulation (2), for clause (c) to (j), the following shall be substituted,
namely:-
“(c) Circuit Breakers
i) Circuit breakers shall comply with relevant IS/IEC standards.
ii) The Circuit Breaker shall be of live tank or dead tank design.
iii) The interrupting medium of circuit breakers shall be vacuum/ SF6/ any
other suitable gas or combination of gases.
iv) CBs of 220kV and above voltage class shall be suitable for single phase
and three phase auto-reclosing. CBs of 132kV and below voltage class
shall be suitable for three-phase auto-reclosing. However, Circuit
breakers of 132kV class suitable for single phase auto- reclosing is also
acceptable.
v) The circuit breaker shall be of class M2 with regard to mechanical

endurance as per IEC Standard.
vi) Each circuit breaker shall be provided with 2 nos. of trip coils. Two sets
of trip circuits shall be connected by separate fuse or miniature circuit
breaker (MCB) to two separate DC supply feeders for greater reliability.
vii) The circuit breaker shall have the provision for local manual trip which
shall be at a position easily accessible to the operating person.
viii) Rated break time for circuit breakers shall be as given in Table 11
below:
Table 11
1150kV 50ms
765kV 40ms
400kV 40ms
220kV/ 230kV 60ms
132kV/ 110kV 60ms
66kV 100ms
ix) In accordance with the power system requirement, the circuit breakers
of 400kV and above class shall be provided with Pre insertion resistors
(PIR) or Controlled Switching Devices (CSD) for controlling switching
overvoltage on lines of length more than 200 km.
32
x) CSD can also be considered as a tool for minimizing switching transients
& inrush currents in 400kV and above voltage class transformers and
reactors. Due attention shall be given to the operating time and
mechanical scatter of CBs and grid condition at the point of
interconnection while going for use of CSDs. The CSD shall come into
picture only during energization or de-energization of associated Circuit
Breaker and shall remain bypassed otherwise.
(d) Disconnectors and Earthing Switches
i) The disconnectors and earthing switches shall comply with relevant IS/
IEC standards.
ii) Earthing switches shall be provided at appropriate locations to facilitate

earthing of outgoing transmission lines to enable maintenance.
iii) In case of AIS, main blades and earth blades shall be interlocked with
both electrical and mechanical means, which shall be fail-safe. In case
of GIS, main blades and earth blades shall be electrically interlocked
alongwith mechanical padlock.
iv) AIS type disconnectors shall have provision for remote and local
operation.
v) Disconnectors shall be suitable for Bus Transfer Current Switching duty

as per IEC Standard. Earthing switches used in lines for 110 kV and
higher voltages shall be suitable for induced current switching duty and
shall be of Class B as per relevant standard.
vi) Earthing switches shall be suitable for electrical and manual operation.
Only local operation is recommended for earth switches.
vii) In case of GIS installations, high speed earthing switches shall be

provided for grounding purpose at overhead line terminations & cable
terminations and shall have rated fault making capability.
(e) Current Transformers
i) Current transformers shall comply with the relevant IS/IEC standards.
ii) The rated currents and ratio, the number of secondary cores, accuracy
class, burden, secondary winding resistance, knee point voltage end
excitation current shall be in accordance with the requirements of the
protection and metering system.
33
iii) The rated burden of cores shall be closer to the maximum burden
requirement of metering & protection system for better sensitivity and
accuracy.
iv) Instrument Security factor (ISF) shall be less than 5 for CTs upto 400kV
voltage class and less than 10 for CTs of 765 kV and 1150kV voltage
class.
v) The accuracy class for metering core shall be equal to or better than the
accuracy class of the meter specified in the Central Electricity Authority
(Installation and Operation of Meters) Regulations.
vi) Digital optical current transformers and SF6 current transformers shall
also be acceptable in place of conventional current transformers.
(f) Voltage Transformers
i) Voltage transformers shall comply with the relevant IS/IEC standards.
ii) The number of secondary cores, accuracy class and burden shall be in
accordance with the requirements of the protection and metering
system.
iii) The rated burden of VT cores shall be closer to the maximum burden
requirement of metering & protection system for better sensitivity &
accuracy and it shall not exceed 50VA.
iv) The accuracy class for metering core shall be equal to or better than the
(Installation and Operation of Meters) Regulations.
v) Voltage transformers can be either electromagnetic type or capacitive

type. Wherever PLCC is provided, capacitor type voltage transformers
(CVT) complying with relevant standards shall be used as the same are
suitable for carrier coupling. The capacitance of CVT shall be decided
depending on PLCC requirements.
vi) Digital optical voltage transformers shall also be acceptable in place of

conventional voltage transformers.
vii) In case of GIS installations, SF6 filled voltage transformers shall be

electromagnetic type.
(g) Surge Arresters
i) Station class, heavy duty, gapless metal oxide (ZnO) type surge
arresters shall comply to relevant IS/IEC standards.
34
ii) The rated voltage, continuous operating voltage (COV), energy handling
capability, nominal discharge current and other characteristics of a
surge arrester shall be chosen in accordance with power system
requirements.
iii) Surge arresters shall be provided at locations decided in accordance with

insulation coordination studies.
iv) These shall be fitted with pressure relief devices and diverting ports
suitable for preventing shattering of porcelain housing providing path for
the flow of rated currents in the event of failure of surge arrester.
v) Arrester with composite insulator housing with sufficient cantilever

strength is also acceptable to prevent shattering during arrester failure.
vi) A leakage current monitor with surge counter shall be provided with each
surge arrester.
(h) Line Trap
i) Wherever Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC) has been provided,

the line trap shall be used complying with the relevant IS/IEC standards.
ii) Line trap shall consist of a main coil in the form of an inductor, a tuning
device and a protective device and in conjunction with a coupling
capacitor, it shall form a parallel resonant circuit.
iii) The tuning device shall be so arranged as to permit replacement without

removing the line trap.
iv) The tuning as well as protective device shall be so designed that neither
significant alteration in the line trap blocking requirements/protective
function nor physical damage shall result from either temperature rise or
the magnetic field of the main coil at rated continuous current or rated
short time current.
(i) Insulators
i) Porcelain, Glass or composite type insulators complying with the relevant

IS/ IEC standards shall be used.
ii) The minimum specific creepage distances of insulators shall be 25 mm/

kV line to line voltage for medium & heavy pollution level areas and 31
mm/kV line to line voltage for very heavy pollution and coastal areas.
(j) Insulation performance enhancement
35
In highly polluted areas, coastal areas etc. composite insulators or
porcelain/glass insulators coated with proven coating material of long life
shall be used as a measure for further improvement in insulator
performance.”;
vii) in sub-regulation (2), after clause (j), the following clause shall be inserted,
namely :-
“(k) Phase Shift Transformers(PST)
i) Phase Shift transformers shall comply with the relevant IS/IEC standards.
ii) Phase Shift Transformers (PST) can be planned to control real power
flow in transmission lines for better utilization of existing network.
iii) The rating, phase shift angle and location shall be decided based on
system studies.
iv) For variable phase shift, On Load Tap Changers (OLTCs) shall be
provided.
v) The PST shall be provided with all necessary protection & control
systems.
vi) Suitable provisions shall be made for bypassing of PST, wherever

required. ”;
viii) in sub-regulation (3), in clause (a), after sub clause (ii), the following sub
clauses shall be inserted, namely :-
“(iii) DC system shall comprise of two DC battery sets (both battery sets of
full capacity) each with one float cum boost charger.
(iv) The voltage rating for the DC system for control & protection for 66 kV
and 132 kV substations shall be 110V or 220V DC and for 220 kV and above
substations it shall be 220 V DC.”;
ix) in sub-regulation (3), in clause (b), for sub-clause (ii), the following shall be
“(ii) Fire protection system for transformers or reactors shall be provided as per
Central Electricity Authority (Measures Relating to Safety and Electric Supply)
Regulations, 2010 and as amended from time to time.”;
x) in sub-regulation (3), for clause (d), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
36
“(d) Control Room
i) Sub-station or switchyard control room shall be provided to house the

SAS/ SCADA system.
ii) In case of centralized system, the control and relay panels shall also be
placed in control room.
iii) The PLCC equipment, Optical Line Terminal Equipment, telemetry

equipment and recording equipment, AC and DC distribution boards, DC
batteries etc. shall be kept in separate rooms depending on sub-station
layout.
iv) Air conditioning shall preferably be provided in the control room as a

functional requirement.
v) In case of substation or switchyard with distributed architecture, Bay

Control Units, intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) shall be placed
appropriately in kiosks/ control building within the sub-station.”;
xi) in sub-regulation (4), for clause (a), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(a) Protective Relaying System
(i) Selective, sensitive, fast, graded and reliable protection system shall
be provided for transmission lines, transformers, reactors, bus bars, EHV
cables, etc. so as to automatically isolate the faulty element.
(ii) All main protection relays shall be of numerical type and communication
protocol shall be as per IEC-61850/ relevant IS.
(iii) Any transmission element (line / transformer / reactor/ capacitor etc.)

which has not been provided with required protection system shall not be
energized or connected to grid.”;
xii) in sub-regulation (4), for clause (d) to (f), the following shall be substituted,
namely:-
“(d) Disturbance Recorders, Event Loggers and Time Synchronization

Equipment-
(i) Each line shall be provided with facility for disturbance recording,
event logging, distance to fault locator and time synchronizing equipment
(TSE).
37
(ii) Event logger and disturbance recorder shall be provided as part of
sub- station or switchyard automation system for substation or switchyard
upto 400 kV voltage class.
(iii) In addition to inbuilt disturbance recorder, a common Standalone

disturbance recorder shall also be provided for 765 kV and above voltage
class substation or switchyard.
(iv) TSE complete with antenna, all cables, processing equipment etc.,
shall be provided to receive synchronizing pulse through global positioning
system (GPS) compatible for synchronization of event logger, disturbance
recorder, Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) and SCADA/automation
system.
(e) Optical Ground Wire (OPGW)/Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC)-
(i) OPGW along with necessary terminal equipment shall be provided

on transmission lines of voltage rating of 132 kV and above for speech
transmission, line protection, and data channels. In addition to OPGW,
Power line carrier communication (PLCC) may also be provided, wherever
required.
(ii) The protection system for 400kV and higher voltage transmission
line and the line compensating equipment shall have one hundred percent
back up communication channels i.e. two protection channels in addition to
one speech plus data channel for each direction. In case of 220kV or below
lines, the speech and data channel can also be used for protection wherever
possible.
(iii) The generating company and the transmission licensee / licensees

at both end of substation / switchyard shall coordinate with each other and
ensure the compatibility of OPGW/PLCC equipment at their respective
ends.
(f) Control Concept
i) All the breakers in sub- stations and switching stations shall be

monitored, controlled and synchronized from the substation control room.
ii) In case of switchyard associated with generating station, the

incoming and outgoing feeder circuit breakers shall be monitored, controlled
and synchronized from the plant control room.
iii) Provision for operation of circuit breakers and disconnectors from

remote control stations may also be provided wherever required.”;
38
xiii) in sub-regulation (4), after clause (f), the following clause shall be inserted,
namely:-
“(g) Phasor Measurement Units (PMU)
i) Synchro- phasor measurement using PMUs alongwith fibre optic

connectivity, GPS Receiver and communication equipment shall be
provided for monitoring the entire interconnected grid on real time basis on
substations at 400kV and above level, switchyard of generating stations at
220kV & above level, AC side of converter bays of HVDC stations and
pooling point of renewable energy generation of 50MW and more.
(ii) PMUs shall comply with IEC/IEEE Standards. Data transmission of

PMUs shall comply to latest IEEE C37.118 Standard.
(iii) The dispersedly located PMUs shall communicate with Phasor Data
Concentrators (PDCs) installed at certain strategic locations at State,
Regional and National level.”;
xiv) for sub-regulation (5), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(5) Power and Control Cables
a) Cables shall be Flame Retardant Low Smoke & Halogen (FRLSH)

type as per relevant IS/ IEC.
b) For laying of cables a broad based system involving cable galleries,

trenches, cable racks, shafts, cable sealing system etc. shall be provided.
In outdoor switchyards, a cable trench system shall be provided.
c) In outdoor switchyards, a cable trench system shall be provided.
d) A comprehensive philosophy of segregation and proper spacing

shall be maintained.
e) Power cables and control cables shall be laid on separate tiers.
f) The laying of different voltage grade cables shall be on different tiers

according to the voltage grade of the cables with higher voltage grade
cables in topmost tier and control cables in bottommost tier.”.
“(44) Salient Technical Particulars/ Requirements of High Voltage Direct

Current (HVDC) Terminals Stations- (a) The design parameters given at
Regulation 43 (1) shall be applicable for the AC equipment installed in the HVDC
terminal station to be developed for bulk power transfer over long distances or
39
asynchronous connections (back to back) between areas operating with different
frequency regimes.
(b) The system parameters given for 400 kV or 220 kV or 132 kV AC system
shall be applicable for the commutation voltage for both HVDC back to back and
HVDC long distance Transmission systems.
(c) The life of HVDC installation (s) shall not be less than 35 years.
(d) Line Commuted Converter (LCC) based Technology or Voltage Source

Converter (VSC) based technology or combination of both can be adopted for
HVDC transmission, based on techno-economic assessment on case to case
basis.
(e) The interfacing with the DC line (overhead / cable), existing AC network,
telecommunication network and load dispatch center shall be properly planned and
designed.
(f) Technical details of HVDC terminals/ stations for Line Commuted Converter
(LCC) based technology and Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based technology
are given in Schedule- VI.”.
28. The regulation (45) of said regulations shall be deleted, namely:-
“(45) Deleted.”.
29. For regulation (46) of said regulations, the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(46) Condition Monitoring of Equipment, Asset Management and security of

Sub- station and Switchyard –
(a) Diagnostic equipment shall be provided to assess the health of various

equipment in substations and switchyards.
(b) Portable type on-line diagnostic equipment and off-line diagnostic equipment
shall be provided for one or a cluster of substations or switchyards, depending
upon the size of the substations or switchyards.
(c) The diagnostic equipment shall include dissolved gas analyzer, winding
resistance meter, and frequency response analyzer for transformers and reactors,
capacitance and tan-delta measuring units for transformers, reactors and
instrument transformers, circuit breaker analyser including dynamic contact
resistance meter for circuit breaker, and leakage current monitor for surge arrester
for measurement of third harmonic resistive current, Partial Discharge monitoring
for GIS of 400 kV and above voltage class; thermovision camera for thermal
scanning, corona camera, devices for monitoring Power Quality, and relay testing
kit.
40
(d) Condition Based Maintenance (CBM)/ Reliability Centered Maintenance(RCM)
Practice shall be followed for condition assessment of all substation equipment.
(e) Health indexing of transformer(s)/ reactor(s) based on various indicators

derived through condition based analysis shall be carried out for taking Run/
Refurbish/ Replacement decision.
(f) Asset management practices shall be adopted to manage asset information

(such as serial/identification no., make, year of manufacturing/commissioning,
technical and other relevant parameters) & operation performance; and plan, to
optimize asset’s depreciation, life cycle, monitoring & maintenance with the
objective to maximize the efficiency and utilization of capital intensive assets.
(g) The provisions for monitoring of substation security such as cameras, motion
sensors, perimeter protection etc. along with associated software shall form part
of smart security system of un-manned substations.”.
30. In regulation (47) of said regulations, for Table 14, the following table shall be
“Table 14
Parameter 33 kV 22 kV 11kV
Nominal system 33 22 11
voltage (kV)
Highest system 36 24 12
voltage (kV)
System earthing Effectively Effectively Effectively
earthed system earthed system earthed system
Frequency (Hz) 50 50 50
Lightning impulse 170 125 75
withstand voltage
(kVpeak)
Power frequency 70 50 28
withstand voltage
(dry) (kVrms)
”.
41
“(2) The sub-station shall be indoor/ outdoor or underground type depending
upon the site requirement. The sub-station shall be either air insulated (AIS) or
gas insulated (GIS) or hybrid as the case may be.”;
“(3) The sub-stations in urban areas shall be provided with Supervisory Control
and Data Acquisition (SCADA) System for system monitoring and control. A
suitable Transformer Health Monitoring system may be provided for monitoring
the health of power transformers.”;
“(5) The maximum capacity of 33/11 kV or 33/22 kV or 22/11 kV sub-station

shall generally be 60 MVA, 40 MVA and 40 MVA respectively. However, higher
capacities of sub-stations up to 100 MVA may also be used keeping in view the
parameters of the interconnected system including capacities of the lines,
switchgears, other equipment, fault current and also the impact on the technical
losses etc.”;
“(6) Each 33/11 kV or 33/22 kV or 22/11 kV sub-station shall normally have two
or more transformers and two incoming feeders preferably from two different
sources.”.
“(1) The incoming and outgoing feeders shall be on multi circuit towers to minimize
the Right of Way requirement.”.
“(3) The preferred ratings for 33/11 kV or 33/22 kV or 22/11 kV transformers

shall be 1,1.6,3.15, 5, 6.3, 8, 10, 12.5,16, 20 and 25 MVA.”;
“(5) The transformer can be oil filled, gas filled or dry type depending on
requirement and as per Central Electricity Authority (Measures relating to
Safety and Electricity Supply) Regulations,2010 and as amended from time to
time. Outdoor dry-type transformer may be non-ventilated type.”;
42
“(6) Transformers shall withstand, without injurious heating, combined voltage
and frequency fluctuations which produce the over fluxing conditions as: 125%
for 1 minute, 140% for 5 seconds and 150% for 1 second.”;
“(9) A transformer with off-circuit tap changer shall have taps ranging from (+)5
% to (-) 10% in steps of 2.5% each on the higher voltage winding for variation
in the voltage. The tap changing switch shall be located in a convenient position
so that it can be operated from ground level. The switch handle will be provided
with a locking arrangement along-with tap position indication, for locking the
switch.”;
“(10) On load tap changing (OLTC) device shall be provided with transformers
of 3.15 MVA and higher rating for better voltage control by manual and
automatic means. A transformer with on-load tap changer shall have taps
ranging from (+) 5% to (-) 15% in steps of 1.25% each on 33 kV or 22 kV
winding for voltage variation.”;
“(13) Transformers shall be separated from one another and from all walls and
partitions to permit free circulation of air complying with requirements of
relevant IS and as per Central Electricity Authority (Measures relating to Safety
and Electricity Supply) Regulations,2010 and as amended from time to time.”;
vii) for sub-regulation (14), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(14) 33kV voltage rating transformers shall be separated from one another by
a fire wall as per Central Electricity Authority (Measures relating to Safety and
Electricity Supply) Regulations,2010 and as amended from time to time and
relevant IS.”;
viii) for sub-regulation (16), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(16) A transformer shall be physically checked and tested for its electrical and
mechanical performance characteristics as per relevant Indian standards
before commissioning.”.
“(4) Aluminium/ Copper used for bus-bars shall conform to relevant IS.”.
43
“(4) The creepage distances for different pollution levels shall be as per table 12 at
Regulation 43.”.
“(2) In the areas where problem of insulator pollution is expected (such as near
sea or thermal power station, railway station, industrial area, etc.) special insulators
viz. semi conducting glazed porcelain or polymer insulators with higher leakage
resistance and creepage distance shall be used to minimize the flashover. The
special coating like Room Temperature Vulcanized (RTV) coating may also be
used on the insulators in polluted areas as per requirement.”.
“(1) Circuit breakers (CBs) shall comply with the provisions of relevant IS. The
circuit breakers shall be SF6 or vacuum type. The rated voltage for the circuit
breakers shall be 36 kV, 24kV and 12 kV for 33 kV, 22kV and 11 kV systems
respectively.”.
“(1) The isolators shall be of adequate capacity as per requirement and shall
comply with relevant IS.”;
“(5) The earthing switch shall be capable of withstanding short circuit current
for short duration as applicable to the corresponding isolator. Earthing switches
shall be motor operated and suitable for manual operation.”.
“(1) The control and relay panels for incoming feeders, outgoing feeders, bus
bars, power transformers and all other equipment installed in the sub-station
like switch-gears, instrument transformers and capacitors etc. shall conform to
relevant Indian Standards. In case Indian standards are not available, then
conform to relevant International Standards.”;
44
“(a) Suitable numerical over current and earth fault relays to protect the
equipment and system against short circuit current and earth fault current.
The relays shall conform to relevant IS. All relays used shall be suitable for
operation with CTs of secondary rated for 1 Amp or 5 Amps.”.
regulation shall be inserted, namely:-
“(5) The overall protection system of transformers and feeders would be as per
Central Electricity Authority (Measures relating to Safety and Electricity Supply)
Regulations as amended up to date.”.
“(2) Distribution class, heavy duty, gapless metal oxide (ZnO) type surge
arresters in general shall be provided on the buses, high voltage and low
voltage sides of all transformers and on the incoming terminations of 33 kV/ 22
kV lines. The Surge arresters shall conform to relevant IS/IEC.”.
i) in sub-regulation (1), for clause (e), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(e) The accuracy class for metering core shall be equal to or better than the
(Installation and Operation of Meters) Regulations,2006 and as amended
from time to time.”;
ii) in sub-regulation (2), for clause (c), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(c) Voltage transformers shall be of electromagnetic type or solid state type.”;
iii) in sub-regulation (2), for clause (f), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(f) The accuracy class for metering core shall be equal to or better than the
(Installation and Operation of Meters) Regulations,2006 and as amended
from time to time.”.
45
“(4) Operation & Maintenance manuals, recording instruments, layout drawing,
Single Line Diagram and Safety manual/ guidelines should be available in the
control room.
(5) A separate room for Substation Batteries shall be provided with adequate
ventilation and exhaust fan for taking out fume gases.”.
“(2) Earthing shall be carried out in accordance with relevant IS and Central
Electricity Authority (Measures relating to Safety and Electricity Supply)
Regulations, 2010 and as amended from time to time.”.
“(2) Capacitors, residual voltage transformer and neutral current transformer

shall be as per relevant IS.”;
“(9) In cases of sub-stations loaded with highly fluctuating loads like arc
furnaces etc., flickers and voltage regulation problems shall be overcome by
installation of static var compensators (SVC) or Statcom.”.
“(2) Power cables shall be XLPE insulated, PVC sheathed type conforming to
relevant IS. Cables shall be flame retardant low smoke (FRLS)/ Low Helogen type.
Cables shall be de-rated for the site’s ambient and ground temperature, grouping
and soil resistivity as per IS. Proper attention shall be given to ventilation/ heat
dissipation aspects particularly in case of HV cables.”.
“(1) A dedicated & reliable telecommunication system based on radio frequency

(RF), cellular/ mobile technology fiber optics, satellite communication, PLCC, any
other new communication technology or a combination of these shall be provided,
besides usual public communication and local Public Address (PA) system.”.
46
“(69) Automation System - State-of-art systems such as supervisory control and
data acquisition system (SCADA), and data acquisition system (DAS) shall
preferably be provided in the 33 kV or 22 kV sub-stations, associated feeders and
distribution transformers for improving the operational flexibility, minimizing
restoration time of power supply and preventing overloading of lines and
transformers in real time mode. Adequate cyber security measures should be
ensured in SCADA and DAS. A suitable Transformer Health Monitoring system
can also be provided for monitoring the health of power transformers.”.
i) in sub-regulation (2), for clause (a), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(a) The 24V/ 30V/ 48V/110V/ 220 V DC batteries shall be stationary lead acid
or nickel cadmium or any other new technology type and shall operate
satisfactorily under normal prevalent ambient conditions. The capacity and
discharge rate shall be as per the load requirement.”;
“(3) Battery charger- The battery chargers shall be automatic float cum
booster type. The battery charger shall be capable of continuous operation at
the rated load in float charging mode. The charger in boost charging mode shall
be capable of boost charging the associated DC battery at the desired rate.”;
“(5) Oil and SF6 evacuating, filtering, testing and filling apparatus- Oil and
SF6 filling, evacuation, filtering and testing plants with adequate storage
facilities along with requisite operation and maintenance (O&M) tools and
plants shall be provided for a cluster of sub- stations as per requirement.”.
“(71) Fencing and Approach Arrangement- Fencing/ boundary wall of suitable

height shall be provided around the sub- station as per CEA (Measures relating to
Safety and Electric Supply) Regulations, 2010 and as amended from time to time.
A metalled approach road to transport the equipment should be provided leading
from the main road.”.
“(2) DC emergency lighting- Emergency lighting operated on the DC system

shall be provided in strategic locations viz. control room, battery room, passages
etc. It should be ensured to provide separate DC battery bank for emergency
lighting in the substation and Sub Station’s main battery bank used for protection
47
system is not used for emergency lighting to avoid the draining of the main battery
bank.”.
“(2) The firefighting system at 33/11 KV ,33/22 kV & 22/11kV Sub stations shall be
as per Central Electricity Authority (Measures relating to Safety and Electricity
Supply) Regulations, 2010 and as amended from time to time.”.
“Table: 15
Parameter 33 kV 22 kV 11kV 0.415 kV
Nominal system 33 22 11 0.415

voltage (kV)
Highest system 36 24 12 0.450
voltage (kV)
System earthing Effectively Effectively Effectively Effectively
earthed earthed earthed earthed
system system system system
Frequency (Hz) 50 50 50 50
Lightning impulse 170 125 75 -
withstand voltage
(kVpeak)
Power frequency 70 50 28 3
withstand voltage
(dry) (kVrms)
”.
i) after sub-regulation (1), the following sub-regulation shall be inserted, namely:-
“(1A) For consumers supplied at voltage not exceeding 650 V (except mines and
oil fields), the r.m.s value of voltage at the point of commencement of supply of
electricity shall be as follows:
(a) Single phase 230 volts between phase and neutral,

(b) Three phase 400 volts between phases.
Provided that the permissible variation in voltage at the point of commencement

of supply of electricity shall be as per relevant Indian Standard”;
48
“(2) The distribution sub- stations (DSS) shall normally be located near load
center.”;
“(3) The DSS can be indoor or outdoor type. The sub-station can be
constructed underground where there is paucity of space or for supply to
underground installations ensuring that water should not enter the DSS and all
safety measures are taken. DSS in flood prone areas shall be above the
expected water level during flood.”;
“(5) The DSS can be conventional, package type or completely self protected
(CSP) type or Vertical Type (DT on ground with RMU & LT switches above DT
on another platform or vice versa).”.
“(1) The transformer shall conform to relevant IS and shall be IS marked.”;
“(2) The transformer can be oil filled, or dry type depending on requirements
and shall be as per the Central Electricity Authority (Measures relating to Safety
and Electricity Supply) Regulations, 2010 and as amended from time to time.”;
iii) in sub-regulation (4), the clause (b) shall be deleted:-
“(b) Deleted.”;
iv) in sub-regulation (4), the clause (c) shall be deleted:-
“(c) Deleted.”;
v) in sub-regulation (4), for clause (d), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(d) The maximum losses for dry type transformers shall not be more than the
values specified in latest Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) of BEE
till Indian Standards (IS) for dry type transformer are published. Afterward, the
49
maximum losses for dry type transformers shall be as per relevant Indian
Standards.”;

“(5) The transformer may be single phase or three phase. The cooling shall be
ONAN/ KNAN for oil filled transformers.”;
vii) the sub-regulation (9) shall be deleted:-
“(9) Deleted.”.
“(5) The plinth shall be higher than the surroundings. The plinth shall be of
Concrete/ Metal (properly earthed)/ fire resistant fibre glass of adequate strength
to withstand the load. The plinth can be pre-fabricated also. The plinth foundation
shall be of Concrete.”.
“(1) Surge arresters shall normally be installed on the high voltage side of the
transformer connected to overhead lines. Surge arrester shall also be provided on
the low voltage side in areas of high isoceraunic activity. Surge arresters shall be
as per relevant IS.”.
“(3) The distribution box shall be mounted at a height of 1.5 metres for pole
mounted distribution transformers while the feeder pillar box can be installed
at ground level with adequate clearance. For single phase transformer, the
distribution box can also be directly mounted on the body of transformer.”;
“(4) The capacity of lugs for cables, connecting strips, bus bars shall be as per
requirement. All the fittings shall be as per relevant IS.”.
59. In regulation (80) of said regulations, before sub-regulation (1), following shall be
inserted, namely:-
“Protection System - The protection system of transformers shall be as per Central

Electricity Authority (Measures relating to Safety and Electricity Supply)
50
“(1) Pipe earthings or rod earthing shall preferably be provided for the DSS
complying with relevant Indian Standards and Central Electricity Authority
(Measures relating to Safety and Electricity Supply) Regulations, 201 and as
amended from time to time and three (3) earth pits with three (3) grounding
electrodes shall be provided.”.
“(1) The adequate size of XLPE cables shall be used for connecting LT supply from
transformer bushings to the LT circuit breaker in the distribution box and for taking
out outgoing feeders from the fuse units to the overhead lines. These cables shall
be as per relevant IS and IS marked.”.
“(2) The installation of meters shall be in conformance to the Central Electricity

Authority (Installation and Operation of Meters) Regulations, 2006 and as
amended from time to time.”.
“(2) The owner shall ensure tie-up arrangements which are necessitated by the
proposed installation and which must be carried out simultaneously by other
entities before the new installation is commissioned and connected to the power
system. The owner connecting his new installation shall abide by the Central
Electricity Authority (Technical Standards for Connectivity to the Grid) Regulations,
2007 and as amended from time to time.”.
“(4) As far as possible, transmission towers of the overhead lines shall be designed
for at least Double circuit configuration.
(5) Multi-circuit (more than two circuits) towers for overhead lines shall be
considered as an alternative for parallel lines passing through forest, eco- sensitive
zone, wildlife sanctuary and urban areas.”.
65. In regulation (89) of said regulations, -
51
i) in sub-regulation (1), for clause (a) to (c), the following shall be substituted,
namely:-
“(a) Electrical Design Parameters of the Transmission Lines
(i) The design parameters of the transmission lines for altitude upto 1000 m
above mean sea level (MSL) shall be as indicated in Table 16 below:
Table 16
Parameter 66 kV 110kV/ 220kV/ 400 765 kV +500kV +800 1150

AC 132kV 230 kV kV AC HVDC kV kV
AC AC AC HVDC AC
Nominal 66 110/ 220/ 400 765 500 800 1150

voltage (kV) 132 230
Highest system 72.5 123/ 245 420 800 525 840 1200
voltage (kV) 145
Lightning 325 650 1050 1550 2400 1800 1800 2400
impulse
withstand
voltage (1.2/50
micro sec)
(kVpeak)
Power frequency 140 275 460 680 830 - - 1200
withstand voltage
under dry
condition (kVrms)
Switching surge - - - 1050 1550 1000 1600 1800
withstand voltage
under wet
condition (kVpeak)
Minimum corona - - 320 610 550 880 762
extinction voltage
under dry
condition (kVrms
phase to earth)
Maximum radio - - 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
interference (at 156 (at 320 (at (at 550 (at (at
voltage under dry kV kV 610 kV) 880 762
condition (micro rms) rms) kV kV) kV
volts) rms) rms)
ii) For the transmission lines at altitudes higher than 1000 m above MSL, basic
insulation level, impulse & switching surge withstand voltage requirements
52
shall be kept higher than those indicated in Table 16 as per relevant standards
and practices.
iii) Values given in the Table 16 are preferred values, however, better values
may be adopted based on system requirement.
iv) The phases of AC transmission lines shall be transposed in approximately

three equal parts, wherever the length of the line is more than 100 km or as per
system studies requirements.
(b) Conductor
i) The conductor of appropriate size shall be selected considering power flow

requirements and other system considerations.
ii) Minimum two conductors per phase for 400 kV AC and minimum four
conductors per phase for +/- 500 kV HVDC and 765 kV single circuit AC,
minimum six conductors per phase for 765kV Double Circuit AC and +/- 800kV
HVDC and minimum eight conductors per phase for 1200kV AC shall be used
for satisfactory performance of transmission lines from corona and interference
aspects.
iii) The conductors shall be Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced (ACSR), All
Aluminum Alloy Conductor (AAAC) or Aluminium Alloy Conductor Steel
Reinforced (AACSR) or High Performance conductors (HPC)/ High
Temperature and Low Sag (HTLS) conforming to relevant IS/ IEC.
(c) Earthwire
(i) The earthwire of appropriate size to cater to predicted and design fault
currents and lightning shall be used.
(ii) Single earthwire shall normally be used for transmission lines up to 220 kV
and two earthwires shall be used for transmission lines of 400 kV and higher
voltage classes.
(iii) The earthwire used in 132 kV and above voltage class lines shall be
OPGW. In case of 400kV and above voltage class lines, at least one out of two
earthwires shall be OPGW and second earthwire shall be either of galvanized
stranded steel (GSS) or alternatively ACSR or AACSR conductor type.
(iv) OPGW shall comply with provisions of Regulation 43(4)(e).”;
ii) in sub-regulation (1), in clause (d), for sub-clause (i), the following shall be
53
“(i) General- (A) The towers shall be self-supporting lattice steel type and shall
be a fully galvanised structure. Alternatively, guyed or pole/ monopole structure
towers and towers with insulated cross arms shall also be acceptable.
(B) Type of towers, design and ruling span, wind & weight spans, extension
and truncation provisions etc. shall be selected by the Owner as per prudent
utility practices.
(C) Live-metal clearances, mid-span clearance, shielding angle etc. shall be

decided as per prudent utility practices following applicable standards and
codes and keeping in view electrical system parameters and requirements, line
altitude and other service conditions and factors.
(D) Ground clearance shall be as per requirements of Central Electricity

Authority (Measures relating to Safety and Electricity Supply) Regulations,
2010 and as amended from time to time.”;
iii) in sub-regulation (1), in clause (d), for sub-clause (ii), the following shall be
“(ii) Design of Towers
(A) The lattice towers shall be designed to meet all design requirements and
design criteria stipulated in relevant IS.
(B) The Guyed towers, pole/monopole towers and lattice towers with insulated
cross-arms shall be designed as per applicable IS or IEC.
(C) Wind loading corresponding to applicable wind zone shall be considered as

per relevant IS.
(D) The towers shall also be designed for appropriate snow or ice loads,
wherever applicable.
(E) The loads at conductor and earthwire attachment points under different
loading conditions viz. reliability conditions (normal condition), security
conditions (broken wire condition), safety conditions, anti-cascading condition
etc. (as per relevant IS) considering various combinations of design
temperatures, wind and snow loads shall be calculated and tower designs shall
be developed accordingly.
(F) Reliability level-1 corresponding to 50 year return period design loads due
to wind as per relevant IS shall be considered for design of towers for
transmission lines upto 400 kV, provided that multi circuit towers (towers with
more than 2 circuits) for transmission lines upto 400 kV shall be designed
corresponding to the reliability level-2 (150 year return period).
54
(G) Reliability level-2 corresponding to 150 year return period design loads
due to wind as per relevant IS shall be considered for design of towers for
transmission lines above 400 kV.
(H) Reliability level-3 corresponding to 500 year return period shall be

considered for tall river crossing towers and special towers.
(I) Normal towers shall be prototype tested as per relevant IS. It shall not be
mandatory to have prototype testing of tall river crossing towers and other
special towers designed for reliability level-3 (500 year return period).”;
iv) in sub-regulation (1), in clause (d), for sub-clause (iii), the following shall be
“(iii) Materials
(A) Mild steel and high tensile steel sections of tested quality in conformity with
relevant IS shall be used in towers and their extensions.
(B) Fasteners, bolts and nuts shall be as per relevant IS.
(C) Material for monopole structure shall conform to relevant IS/ASCE/ASTM.”;
v) in sub-regulation (1), in clause (d), for sub-clause (vi), the following shall be
“(vi) Earthing
(A) Each tower shall be earthed such that tower footing resistance does not
exceed 10 ohms. Pipe type or Counterpoise type earthing shall be provided in
accordance with relevant IS.
(B) As per site requirement, multiple earthing arrangements or earthing

enhancement material can also be used for earthing of towers.
(C) Additional earthing shall be provided on towers after every 7 to 8 kms

distance for direct earthing of shield wires.”;
vi) in sub-regulation (1), in clause (e), for sub-clause (i), the following shall be
“i) Depending upon soil parameters and site conditions, economy and feasibility
of construction at site, appropriate type of foundations (viz. open cast, pile, well
or other alternative types) shall be considered for transmission line towers.”;
vii) in sub-regulation (1), in clause (e), for sub-clause (ii), the following shall be
55
“ii) The design of foundations shall be as per applicable Indian Standards and
Codes. Structural design of foundations shall be done by limit state method
with minimum overload factor as 1.1. The minimum factor of safety for design
of foundations shall be as per relevant IS.”;
viii) in sub-regulation (1), for clause (f), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(f) Insulators, Insulator Strings and Hardware Fittings
i) Requisite type of suspension and tension insulator strings with disc

insulators or long rod insulators complying with the relevant IS/IEC
standards shall be used.
ii) Number of insulators and creepage distance shall be selected based on

electrical system parameters and site specific factors like line altitude,
expected environmental and pollution conditions etc.
iii) The minimum specific creepage distance of insulators shall be 25 mm/

kV line to line voltage for low, medium & heavy pollution level areas and 31
mm/ kV line to line voltage for very heavy pollution and coastal areas.
iv) For low, medium and heavy pollution level areas, porcelain/glass disc or
longrod insulators shall generally be used. In very heavily polluted areas,
coastal areas etc. composite insulators or porcelain/glass insulators (with
or without RTV coating) shall be used. To ensure quality, the silicone
content in composite insulator or RTV silicone coating shall be minimum
30%.
v) For major crossings like river crossings /power line crossings (132 kV or
above), railways/ road crossings (express way, national highway & state
highway) porcelain longrod insulators or glass insulators in double string
configuration shall be used.
vi) Grading rings shall be provided with porcelain disc insulator strings for
132 kV and above voltage class lines and corona rings shall be provided
with all polymer insulator strings for 220kV and above voltage class lines.”;
ix) in sub-regulation (1), after clause (g), the following clause shall be inserted,
namely:-
“(h) Line Surge Arresters
Line Surge Arresters can be considered to reduce back flashovers, the

stress on substation equipment due to incoming travelling waves and to
provide protection against shielding failure. Use of these arresters can also
be considered for voltage uprating of transmission line in order to reduce
56
the phase to phase clearances and the length of the insulator strings. The
Line Surge Arresters shall conform to relevant IS/ IEC.”;
x) for sub-regulation (2), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(2) Transmission Line Construction
(a) Crossing by a transmission line
i) Crossing of a transmission line with roads or a railway or a river or

a power line or a telecommunication line shall be finalized as per
applicable rules & regulations specified by the concerned authorities.
ii) For power line crossing of 400kV and above voltage class, large
angle towers of deviation angle of 30-60 degree & designed for dead
end condition, with required body extension to maintain adequate
safety clearance, shall be used on both sides of the power line
crossing.
iii) The crossing of power lines below 400kV and upto 110kV class
shall be done with tension towers with required body extension to
maintain adequate safety clearance and the crossing of Power lines
of 66kV class shall be done with any type of towers (suspension /
tension towers) with required body extension to maintain adequate
safety clearance.
(b) Clearances form ground, buildings, roads, power lines,

telecommunication lines etc. shall be provided in conformity with
Central Electricity Authority (Measures Relating to Safety and
Electricity Supply) Regulations, 2010 and as amended from time to
time.
(c) Clearances from trees, forest clearances etc. shall be provided in

accordance with Forest Conservation Act and guidelines issued by
Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change.
(d) Normal design span for various voltage level transmission lines shall
generally be as indicated in the Table 17 below:
Table 17
Voltage (kV) Normal design span (metres)

+ 800 kV HVDC 350 to 450
+500 kV HVDC 350 to 450
1200 kV/ 765 kV AC 350 to 450
57
400 kV AC 350 to 450
230 kV/ 220 kV AC 325 to 400
132 kV/110 kV AC 300 to 350
66 kV AC 200 to 300
Note :-The reduced design span for monopole/narrow base

structure shall be considered based on techno-economic analysis.”;
xi) for sub-regulation (3), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(3) Service conditions: Equipment and material to be used in the transmission

line shall be suitable for satisfactory continuous operation under tropical
conditions as specified in the Table 18 below:
Table 18
Maximum ambient temperature (oC) As per meteorological or

Minimum ambient temperature (oC) climatological data published
Relative humidity (% range) by Indian Meteorological
Maximum annual rainfall/ snowfall (cm) Department
Wind zone As per relevant IS

Maximum wind velocity (m/sec)
Altitude above mean sea level (metres) As per actual
”;
xii) for sub-regulation (4), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
“(4) Cables and Gas Insulated Lines (GIL)- Wherever construction of an overhead
transmission line is not possible due to space constraints or right- of- way
problems, XLPE cables conforming to relevant IS/IEC shall be considered for
transmission of power. Gas Insulated Lines (GIL) conforming to relevant IS/IEC
shall be considered as an alternative to EHV XLPE cables based on techno-
economic analysis.”;
xiii) the sub-regulation (5) shall be deleted, namely:-
“(5) Deleted.”;
xiv) after sub-regulation (5), the following sub-regulations shall be inserted,

namely:-
“(6) Strengthening of existing towers
58
The towers of old lines which have been designed according to old standards,
shall be strengthened in line with latest IS codes in phased manner on case to
case basis depending upon the history of failures.
(7) Condition assessment of towers and earthing system
(a) Utilities shall assess the condition of structure of towers, conductors,

earthwire, all associated accessories, foundation and earthing system
periodically using modern techniques & diagnostic tools and shall take
appropriate action, wherever abnormality is noticed.
(b) For condition assessment of conductors, clamps, connectors, insulators

etc, provision for on-line/ off-line diagnostic tools and equipment shall be
made.
(c) On-line tools shall include thermo-vision camera for detection of hot
spots, corona camera and live line punctured insulator detector and aeolian
vibration measuring device.
(d) Off-line tools shall include insulation resistance, contact resistance and
tower footing impedance measuring devices.
(e) The on-line/ off-line fault locator shall be used for locating the
transmission line faults.
(8) Use of helicopter and UAV
Use of helicopter/ Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for faster erection &
commissioning of transmission line and also for survey and patrolling of
transmission lines, particularly in difficult and inaccessible terrain, may be
considered by the transmission licensees as technology options. However,
required clearance from Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) / any
other competent authority shall be obtained before taking up such activity.
(9) Emergency restoration system
Every transmission licensee shall have an arrangement for restoration of its

220kV and above voltage class transmission lines through the use of
“Emergency Restoration Systems (ERS)’’.
(10) Use of GIS platform
Transmission system asset mapping, route alignment and optimization of

route of new transmission line for transmission projects shall be carried out
on GIS platform. BHUVAN of National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC)
shall be used as the base platform for GIS application.”.
59
“(2) The Owner shall ensure tie-up arrangements which are necessitated by the
proposed installation and which shall be carried out simultaneously by other
entities before the new installation is commissioned and connected to the existing
power system network. The Owner who is connecting his new installation has to
abide by the Central Electricity Authority (Technical Standards for Connectivity to
the Grid) Regulations, 2007 as amended upto date.”.
“Table: 19
Parameter 33 kV 22 kV 11 kV 0.415 kV
Nominal system voltage 33 kV 22 kV 11 kV 0.415
(kV)
Highest system voltage 36 kV 24 kV 12 kV 0.450
(kV)
System earthing Effectively Effectively Effectively Effectively
earthed earthed earthed earthed
system system system system
Frequency (Hz) 50 50 50 50
Lightning Impulse 170 125 75 -
withstand voltage
(kVpeak)
Power frequency 70 50 28 3
withstand voltage (kVrms)
in dry condition
”.
68. In regulation (92) of said regulations, -
“(d) Adequate capacity for load growth at least for next 5 years;”;
“(4) Composite lines (i.e. lines having different voltage levels) and multi circuit
lines shall be adopted by the Owner as per requirement.”.
60
“(5) The 33 kV or 22 kV line route shall be such as to avoid large habitations,
and densely populated areas as far as possible.”;
“(8) The electric line shall be far off from slaughterhouses and garbage
dumping grounds to prevent interruptions by bird hits.”.
“(1) The supports shall preferably be poles. The narrow based lattice towers
with fully galvanised structure can also be used for 33kV and 22kV lines as per
site requirement. The lines shall preferably be double circuit or multi circuit.”;
“(2) Poles shall be used for 11 kV and LT lines (lines below 500 V) as per
requirement. The poles shall be pre-cast concrete (PCC) pole, pre-stressed
cement concrete (PSCC) pole, rolled steel joist, rail pole, H beam or steel
tubular pole as required.,”;
“(3) Poles shall conform to relevant IS/ IEC as the case may be.”;
“(6) For locations involving long spans or higher clearances on account of

crossing of power or communication lines or a railway line, specially designed
poles/ lattice towers may be used, or underground cable may be used as per
requirement.”;
“(7) Double pole structure may be used as per site conditions ensuring safe
operation of lines.”.
“(98) Factor of Safety- The supports shall be suitable for the wind loads as per
relevant IS. The minimum factor of safety for supports shall be as per Central
Electricity Authority (Measures Relating to Safety and Electricity Supply),
61
“(2) Metal cross arms and insulator pins for PCC and PSCC poles shall be
bonded together and normally earthed at every pole for above 650 V lines and
at every 3rd pole for lines below 650 volts.”;
“(6) All poles above 650 volts, irrespective of inhabited areas, shall be earthed.
For poles below 650 V, guarding with continuous earth/ messenger-wire shall
be provided invariably in Aerial bunched cable and shall be connected to earth
at three equidistant points in one km.”.
“(103) Danger Plates- Danger Plates shall be provided on electric lines in

accordance with Central Electricity Authority (Measures Relating to Safety and
Electricity Supply), Regulations, 2010 and as amended from time to time.”.
“(107) LT Spacers- To avoid clashing and accidental mutual touching of bare

overhead conductors on LT lines, spacers (of adequate Dielectric strength), which
can be either spiral or composite shall be provided in between conductors at
appropriate locations in different spans (particularly for lines having longer spans
or lines having large sags encountering high winds).”.
“(1) Underground cables or aerial bunched cables (ABC) or insulated cable or

covered conductor or any other new technology cable of adequate rating can also
be used for supplying power. Cables shall conform to relevant Indian Standards.
In case Indian Standards are not available, cables may conform to relevant
International standards.”;
“(3) Aerial bunched cables/ insulated cables/ covered conductor etc may be used
in the congested, theft and accident-prone areas.”;
62
“(4) Underground Cables shall normally be laid in trenches as per the relevant
standards and utility practices. Direct burying of underground cables shall not be
adopted except where cables enter and take off from a trench. Cables may be laid
in pipes or cables with co-extruded pipes may also be laid, through trench less
method as per the site requirement.”;
“(5) The underground cables shall be segregated by running in separate trenches

or on separate racks/ pipes.”;
“(6) The cable trenches/ pipes shall be properly sloped so as to drain freely any
water, which may enter.”;
“(7) Cable trenches/ pipes shall not be run through oil rooms.”;
“(3) The supplier shall provide and maintain on the consumer’s premises for the
consumer’s use a suitable earthed terminal in an accessible position at or near the
point of commencement of supply in accordance with Central Electricity Authority
(Measures Relating to Safety and Electricity Supply), Regulations, 2010 and as
amended from time to time.”;
“(4) The meters for the consumer connections shall be provided in accordance with
the Central Electricity Authority (Installation and Operation of Meters) Regulations,
2006 and as amended from time to time.”.
“(1) The overall protection system of feeders shall be as per Central Electricity
Authority (Measures relating to Safety and Electricity Supply) Regulations, 2010
and as amended from time to time. The protection scheme settings shall be
finalized by the Owner based on prudent utility practice.”;
63
“(2) An earth leakage protective device shall be provided at consumer premises as
per requirement of Central Electricity Authority (Measures Relating to Safety and
Electricity Supply), Regulations, 2010 and as amended from time to time.”.
78. In the said regulations, for SCHEDULE- V, the following SCHEDULE- V shall be
substituted, namely: -
“SCHEDULE- V
[ See Regulation 43 (4) (c)]
Protection Details of Transmission Lines, transformers, reactors and Bus Bars
1. Transmission Line Protection
Sl. No. Protection 765 400 220 kV/ 230 kV 132 kV/ 110
kV kV kV/66 kV
(a) Main I- Distance protection* Y Y Y Y (for 132

kV/110 kV)
Y/N (for 66
kV)
(b) Main II- Distance protection* or Y Y Y/N N

directional comparison
protection or phase
segregated line differential
protection
(c) Directional inverse definite Y Y 'Y' if both N
minimum time (IDMT) type Main-I & Main-Il
earth fault relay are distance
protections
otherwise 'N'
(d) Directional IDMT over N N 'Y' if Main-II is Y
current and earth fault back up not provided
protection otherwise ‘N’
(e) Two stage over voltage Y Y Y/N Y/N

protection
(f) Auto reclosing# Y Y Y Y/N
(*) For short line (less than 10kms) / cable / combination of overhead line and
cable of 132 kV and above voltage class, line differential protection shall be
used.
64
(#) For cable / combination of overhead line and cable, autoreclosing shall not
be provided.
Note: (1) Y - Required; N - Not required; Y/N - Optional.
(2) Transmission lines with distance protection shall, in general, have carrier
aided inter-tripping or blocking feature.
(3) Separate cores of current transformer and voltage transformer shall be

used for Main-I and Main-ll.
2. Transformer Protection
Sl. No. Protection 765 400 230 kV/ 220 kV/ 66 kV

kV kV 132 kV/ 110 kV
(a) Differential protection Y Y Y Y
(b) Over fluxing protection Y Y Y N
(c) Restricted earth fault (REF) Y Y Y Y

protection
(d) Backup directional over Y Y Y Y
current and earth fault
protection (HV and LV side)
or impedance protection
(e) Buchholz, WTI and OTI (for Y Y Y Y
1 MVA and above), MOG
with low oil level alarm, OSR
for OLTC, PRD, SA on both
primary and secondary
sides of transformers
located outdoors and
connected to overhead lines
(f) Tertiary winding protection Y Y Y N
(g) Over load alarm Y Y Y Y
Note: (1) Y - Required; N - Not required.
(2) WTI- winding temperature indicator; OTI- oil temperature indicator;

OLTC- on load tap changer; PRD- pressure relieve device; OSR- oil surge
relay; MOG- magnetic oil gauge; SA- surge arrester.
The transformer protection shall be divided in two groups viz. Gr A and Gr B in the
following manner:
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Group- A Group- B
Differential protection Restricted earth fault (REF) protection

Backup directional over current and Backup directional over current and earth
earth fault protection (HV side) or fault protection (IV/LV side) or impedance
impedance protection protection
Buchholz (main tank) protection Buchholz (main tank) & Buchholz (OLTC)
protection
Over fluxing protection (HV) Over fluxing protection (IV/LV)
Oil temperature protection Winding temperature protection
Pressure relief tripping Pressure relief tripping
Tertiary winding protection Overload protection (Alarm only)
Fire protection Oil level high/low tripping
Fire protection
Note: Secondary winding has been indicated as IV for transformers with tertiary
winding and LV for transformers without tertiary winding.
3. Reactor Protection
Sl. No. Protection 765 kV 400 kV
(a) Differential protection Y Y
(b) REF protection Y Y
(c) Reactor backup protection (impedance Y Y

type or definite time over current (O/C)
and earth fault (E/F) protection)
(d) Buchholz, WTI, OTI, MOG with low oil Y Y
level alarm, SA (if required)
Note: (1) Y- Required.
(2) WTI - winding temperature indicator; OTI - oil temperature indicator;

MOG- magnetic oil gauge; SA - surge arrester.
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The reactor protection shall be divided in two groups viz. Gr A and Gr B in the following
manner:
Group A Group B
Differential protection Restricted earth fault (REF) protection

Buchholz protection Buchholz protection
Reactor backup protection Winding temperature protection
Oil temperature protection Oil level high/low trip
Pressure relief tripping Pressure relief tripping
Fire protection Fire protection
(4) Bus Bar Protection and Local Breaker Backup Protection (breaker failure
protection)
Bus bar protection and local breaker backup protection shall be provided in
220kV and higher voltage interconnecting sub-stations as well as in all
generating station switchyards. Duplication of bus bar protection shall be done
for all main buses of 400 kV and above voltage class. The bus bar protection
scheme shall be centralized or distributed type and shall have provision for future
expansion.”.
79. In the said regulations, for SCHEDULE- VI, the following SCHEDULE- VI shall be
substituted, namely: -
“SCHEDULE- VI
[ See Regulation 44]
PART A
Technical Details of Classical HVDC Terminals/ Stations
1. General: The conventional Thyristor (Gate Turn On device) based HVDC

converter technology or Line Commuted Converter (LCC) technology or
Current Source Converter (CSC) technology shall only be used for + 500kV / +
600kV / + 800kV and above voltage level for back to back and long distance
bulk power HVDC transmission system. Gate Turn Off devices / other better
devices capable of handling similar or higher quantum of power may also be
considered.
2. Design Consideration : (a) The converter configuration and rating for HVDC
installation shall be based on following considerations:
 The amount of power to be transmitted

 The transmission distance
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 Staging consideration of the project
 Location of converter station
 The amount of power to be transmitted at the different stages of the
project
 Reliability and availability requirements
 Loss evaluation
 Size and weight of the Converter transformers for transport
Note: The DC power rating shall include nominal, reverse, forward and overload
power levels, specific loading cycle and weightage factor to calculate load losses.
(b) Electric design of HVDC transmission lines shall take into account the
following considerations:
(i) Corona performance (Corona loss, Radio Interference, Audible Noise

Electric field and ion current in the vicinity of the line)
(ii) Air Characteristic
(iii) Insulator performance
(c) The minimum conductor height above Ground level shall be selected
mainly on the basis of ensuring human safety, Ground level electric field
and ion current density level. The corona loss with I2R losses in the
conductors shall be considered for economic choice of the optimum
conductor bundle.
3. System Data: The following environmental, AC & DC system information, shall

be considered:
(a) Environmental information:

(i) Ambient temperature
(ii) Humidity, Air pollution, rain fall intensity
(iii) Geographical co-ordinates
(iv) Isokeraunic level
(v) Wind velocity
(vi) Seismic Level
(vii) Altitude above sea level
(viii) Pollution level
(ix) Soil Properties
(b) AC System information:
(i) Short Circuit Ratio and Short Circuit Current:

(ii) System voltage and frequency
(iii) Harmonic impedance characteristics
(iv) System Voltage distortion
(v) System Grounding
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(vi) Torsional mode frequencies (Sub-synchronous Resonance)
(vii) AC system topology
(viii) AC system equivalent
(ix) MVAR exchange with AC system
(c) HVDC line / Cable:
(I) In case of overhead lines, the detail information shall include
(i) Line length

(ii) Conductor type
(iii)Conductor configuration
(iv) Rated DC Voltage
(v) Impulse withstand levels
(vi) Tower configuration for the Pole conductors & Dedicated Metallic
Return (DMR) conductor / earth electrode
(vii) and earth electrode station (if applicable)
(II) In case of Cable, the detail information shall include
(i) Cable length

(ii) Cable size and insulation
(iii) Rated and maximum DC voltage
(iv) Current rating
(v) Capacitance and resistance at rated load
(vi) Impulse withstand levels
4. System Performance:
The HVDC system shall be designed to meet all performance requirements and
shall be compatible to existing system. The HVDC system shall not cause
instability to the AC existing Network and shall not adversely affect other nearby
HVDC Systems as well as Generating Units. This shall be verified by stability,
multi infeed and Sub Synchronous Resonance (SSR) studies.
5. System Studies- HVDC control parameters and equipment shall be selected

by carrying out the following studies at different stages of the project:
(a) Main circuit parameters;

(b) Short circuit studies;
(c) Insulation co-ordination;
(d) AC, DC and Power Line Carrier (PLC) filter design, rating and
performance;
(e) Reactive power studies, switching arrangement & logic;
(f) Temporary overvoltage;
(g) Transient overvoltage, surge arrester stress;
(h) Runback and run up studies;
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(i) Sub- synchronous resonance (SSR) studies
(j) AC breaker Transient Recovery Voltage (TRV) and rate of rise of
recovery voltage (RRRV) studies;
(k) Overload study;
(l) AC equivalent study;
(m) DC switchgear requirements;
(n) Load flow, stability, modulation and frequency controller design study;
(o) Dynamic over voltage study;
(p) Electrical interface study;
(q) Reliability and availability study;
(r) Audible noise study;
(s) Loss calculation;
(t) Dynamic performance study (DPS);
(u) Studies for deciding operational logics/ sequences;
(v) Design of electrode line and its impact on dc equipment;
(w) Application of VAR compensation equipment;
(x) Commutation failure and recovery study;
(y) Real time digital simulator (RTDS) studies;
(z) HVDC control and protection coordination study;
(aa) Overall efficiency study;
(bb) AC/ DC system interaction.
(cc) Muti-infeed studies, if applicable
6. Insulation co-ordination
(a) HVDC System shall be suitably protected against Impulses and

disturbances external and internal to the system such as switching
impulses, lighting impulses, dynamic over voltages and load rejection. The
insulation of all equipment shall be properly protected and coordinated with
surge arresters and/or surge capacitors. Insulation coordination shall be
done keeping in mind the minimum electrical clearances, safety clearances
and maintenance clearances as per Switching Impulse Withstand Level
(SIWL). Insulation coordination shall be done as per relevant IS/IEC
Standards. Insulation levels of oil filled equipment shall be less than other
equipment considering its cost.
(b) The insulation of the equipment and protection levels of Surge Arresters
connected to the converter ac bus bars of the converter stations at both
rectifiers and inverter shall be coordinated with the insulation and surge
arrester characteristics of the connected ac systems to which the converter
stations are to be connected without exceeding the discharge duty of these
arresters.
(c) Overvoltages caused by Bipole link HVDC transmission shall be controlled

to 1.4 p.u or below. Events caused by other equipment in the A.C. network
shall be controlled within the limits of the capability of the deblocked
70
converter. In case the converter is tripped, and not possible to restart within
seconds, filter tripping shall be allowed to limit overvoltages.
(d) The tripping action for lines shall be initiated if the over voltage exceeds 1.1
p.u. for 5 seconds and if 1.5 p.u. voltage persists for more than 100
milliseconds. The HVDC over voltage strategy shall be co-ordinated with
such setting.
(e) The ratio of impulse withstand voltage to impulse protective level shall be in
line with IEC-60071-5.
(f) The minimum insulation levels for 800 kV shall be as follows:
HV Transformer Smoothing reactor Thyristor Valve DC Busbar

LIWL/SIWL (kV) LIWL/ SIWL (kV) Structure LIWL/SIWL (kV)
LIWL/SIWL (kV)
1800/1600 1800/1600 1800/1600 1900/1600
LIWL- Lightning Impulse Withstand Voltage;

SIWL- Switching Impulse Withstand Voltage
7. Radio Interference (RI), Acoustic Noise (AN) and DC field
(a) All the necessary precautions shall be made during HVDC design to ensure
that there shall be no mal-operation, damage or danger to any equipment,
system or personnel due to electromagnetic or electrostatic interference
effects. The converter terminal(s) shall neither damage nor cause mal-
operation of the DC control and protection system or the DC tele-control
system.
(b) All the necessary precautions shall be taken in the form of noise
suppression techniques, shielding and filtering devices to prevent harmful
interference, which may be generated by the converter terminals, with the
Power line carrier (PLC) systems, Radio communication systems,
Television systems, VHF, UHF & microwave radio systems.
(c) The noise generated by HVDC System shall also be limited by noise
reducing measures. Noise shall be within the levels prescribed in relevant
standards.
8. Dynamic Performance:
(a) The purpose of dynamic performance design is to determine the control

parameters for HVDC system and to ensure that the HVDC system shall
have smooth, stable and fast operation for both steady state and transient
conditions without adversely affecting the connected AC grid.
71
(b) The HVDC system shall recover to 90% of the pre-fault dc power transfer
level consistently within 120 ms from the instant of fault clearing, without
subsequent commutation failure or sustained oscillation for all inverter ac
system fault conditions. For all rectifiers ac system fault conditions, the
recovery time, to 90% pre- fault power level, shall be within 100 ms from the
instant of fault clearing.
(c) HVDC should continue operation at reduced power if conditions get outside
the voltage, frequency and short circuit capacity ranges specified in system
data as much as possible with its inherent capability.
9 Main Circuit Design - The purpose of Main Circuit design is mainly to

determine the operating characteristics and rating of thyristor valves and
converter transformers (MVA, tap changer range etc). It also forms the input
for AC Filter and Reactive compensation design. The main circuit arrangement
and circuit shall depend on type of HVDC system, Power Transmission
requirements, DC Voltage Levels, connected AC voltage levels, Reactive
Power requirements and AC & DC Harmonic requirements. The system shall
meet various harmonic performance parameters on both AC Side and DC side.
10 HVDC Equipment - The function blocks of converter station are Converter area
(converter valves, converter transformer, Smoothing Reactor), DC yard (DC
filters, DCCT, DCVT, PLC filters of DC side, DC pole arresters, Disconnectors
and ground switches), AC filter yard, AC yard and auxiliaries. A typical LCC
based HVDC station shall consist of the following main equipment:
(a) Thyristor valves and its accessories e.g. damping and grading circuits,
converter cooling system, etc.;
(b) Converter transformers;
(c) Smoothing reactors*;
(d) DC filters*;
(e) AC filters (Harmonic filters and PLC filters) and shunt compensation;
(f) Control and protection of AC and DC side;
(g) Electrical and mechanical auxiliaries;
(h) Earth electrode station* / Dedicated Metallic Return (DMR) *;
(i) AC switchyard equipment;
(j) DC switchyard equipment*;
(k) Surge arrestors;
(l) Measuring instruments;
(m)Communication system between converter stations (Optical/ PLCC).
(n) DC wall bushings
(*) Not applicable for back to back schemes.
11 Converter Station AC Yard
72
(a) AC commutating bus equipment- The AC circuit breakers, disconnectors,
instrument transformers and other switchyard equipment shall be similar to
that of the equipment specified under Regulation 43. The bus rating shall
be adopted according to the calculation considering single bus operation.
The switching duties of the AC circuit breakers will be decided based on
transient over voltage study, insulation co-ordination, AC filters and
protection studies.
(b) Dynamic over voltage limiter devices- Converters connected to relatively

weak AC systems may cause dynamic over voltages (DOVs) during load
rejection / disturbance. The DOV limiter shall consist of parallel arrester
elements connected phase to phase or phase to ground and designed to
absorb the desired amount of energy during a system disturbance. The
DOV limiter shall be coordinated with recovery of DC system following a
disturbance. The requirements of surge arresters shall be based on the
insulation co-ordination study in line with relevant standards. The arresters
used shall be metal oxide (ZnO) type conforming to relevant standard.
(c) AC harmonic filters and shunt compensation
(i) The HVDC converter generates harmonics during the Conversion

process and AC harmonic filters shall be used to limit ac voltage
distortion due to harmonics to acceptable levels and also to meet the
reactive power exchange requirements based on the studies carried
out.
(ii) The AC harmonic filters shall be switched in and out by circuit breakers.
Based on the studies, the reactive power requirement for the terminal
and bank or sub-bank size shall be determined such that reactive power
exchange with the AC bus shall remain within specified limits. Suitable
redundancy shall be provided in the sub-bank filters to avoid reduction
of transmission capacity of the station due to outage of any particular
sub-bank for maintenance.
(iii) The main filter equipment namely capacitors, reactors and resistors shall
comply with the requirements of following IEC
(A) Capacitors IEC 60871;

(B) Reactors IEC 60289;
(C) Resistors : IEC 62001.
(iv) Dynamic compensation: If required, dynamic compensation in the form

of static compensator (STATCOM), static var compensator (SVC),
thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) etc. shall be used to improve
stability during AC system transient faults. The requirement of dynamic
compensation and the rating shall be derived from the studies.
73
(v) Shunt Reactor Banks: Shunt reactors of suitable size shall be provided
to meet reactive power exchange requirements derived from the studies.
The shunt reactor shall be oil filled and must be switched in or out by a
circuit breaker. The shunt reactor shall conform to relevant standard.
The shunt reactor shall be covered under automatic switching under the
reactive power control strategy.
(vi) AC filter Design- The Total Harmonic Distortion (Vthd) of AC filter, as

defined below, shall not exceed 2%.
Additional requirements as per relevant IEC shall also be fulfilled. In all

Modes of operation, except the reduced dc line voltage modes, the
performance requirement shall be met up to rated power with one larger
size filter sub-bank and one characteristic harmonic sub-bank(largest)
being out of service. All filter banks, sub-banks and branches shall be
rated such that the remaining filter components are not overloaded and
there is no restriction on the operating power level for any operating
conditions with one filter bank outage for power level up to 1.0pu.
(d) Power line carrier (PLC) filtering- PLC filters shall be installed close to
converter transformers to mitigate high frequency harmonic currents
generated during thyristor switching.
(e) Converter transformers

(i) The converter transformers shall be single phase/ three phase two
winding or three winding units which shall be decided by size and
transportation limitations. The transformers shall comply with the
requirements of relevant standards. The maximum flux density in any
part of the core and yoke at the rated MVA, voltage and frequency shall
be such that under 10% continuous over voltage condition it does not
exceed 1.9 Tesla. The Converter transformer shall be capable of
withstanding minimum DC current of 10A per single phase transformer
entering through the neutral.
(ii) The insulation level for the transformer AC (line side) windings and
bushings shall be as given at Regulation 43 and insulation levels of the
valve side windings shall be determined in accordance with studies. The
impedance of the transformer shall be determined as in accordance with
74
studies and variations in impedance shall be as per the requirement of
relevant standards.
(iii) Converter transformers shall be equipped with on load tap changer

(OLTC) and metal oxide varistor (MOV) devices shall be provided
between tap leads of the OLTC. The OLTC tap steps shall be
determined in accordance with the operating strategy of both the
converters. The OLTC shall be designed for a minimum 2,50,000
operations without repair or change of any part including oil. The OLTC
shall be designed for a contact life of minimum 6,00,000 operations.
(iv) The requirements of soak pits and firewalls shall be in line with
Regulation 43.
(v) One No. of Converter transformer of each type and rating per bipole
shall be provided in each converter station. It shall be possible to replace
a failed converter transformer within 72 hrs with the standby converter
transformer.
(f) Thyristor valves
(i) The thyristor valve assembly shall be designed and tested as per
relevant IEC/IS.
(ii) The thyristor valves, used for converting AC to DC or vice versa, shall
be complete with associated auxiliaries and cooling system. Twelve
pulse scheme shall be used.
(iii) One/ Two twelve pulse valve group in series or parallel combination shall
be used depending on the power rating and other requirement of specific
project.
(iv) In case of two series converter configuration, a bypass switch shall be

provided to bypass any faulty converter and use the remaining series
converter at lower DC voltage.
(v) The thyristor valves shall be water cooled, air insulated and indoor type.
The valves shall be either suspended type or floor mounted type
depending upon the operating DC voltage and seismic requirements.
The Double or Quadruple valve design shall be used depending on
voltage level. Requisite redundancy shall be kept through a provision of
suitable number of spare thyristor in valve modules.
(vi) The thyristor valve cooling system shall use de-ionized water circulated
in a closed cycle. The cooling unit shall comprise of a de-ionizer,
expansion vessel, conductivity, flow and temperature sensors,
mechanical filters, etc. Adequate redundancies shall be provided.
75
Necessary control and monitoring including tripping of the HVDC system
in case of cooling system failure shall be provided.
(vii)The valves shall be placed in the valve hall which shall have a positive
pressure over atmospheric pressure and humidity control feature. The
pressurization will be maintained by ventilation system
12 Converter Station DC Yard
(a) The DC yard shall comprise of equipment such as HVDC bushings,

smoothing reactors, DC filters, DC current and voltage measuring
instruments and switchgear, surge arrester, insulators, clamps and
connectors.
(b) The creepage distance for DC yard and other areas shall be maintained as
indicated below:
Insulator type Under light Under heavy

pollution pollution
Indoor porcelain or glass or composite 20 mm/ kV 20 mm/ kV
insulators for valve hall and indoor
smoothing reactor area
Indoor DC yard (other than smoothing 30 mm/ kV 30 mm/ kV
reactor)
Outdoor porcelain/ glass insulators or 50 mm/kV 60 mm/kV
bushings with RTV coating
Outdoor composite insulators or 50 mm/kV 50 mm/kV
bushings
Note:- Creepage distances less than 50 mm/kV but not less than 45mm/kV can
be accepted for outdoor silicone rubber bushings due to manufacturing
limitations and for HVDC equipment requiring necessary internal/
external insulation co-ordination. However, creepage distance less than
50 mm/ kV and flash distance less than 12 mm/ kV shall not be
acceptable for outdoor jointed bushing.
(c) DC wall bushing- DC wall bushings, used for electrical connection between
the equipment inside the valve hall and the outdoor DC yard shall be of
polymer housing as per relevant standards. All bushings inside the valve
hall including HVDC wall bushing shall be dry type / SF6 gas filled or
combination of both.
(d) Smoothing Reactor- The smoothing reactor shall be of air core type. The
reactors shall comply with relevant standards and shall have successfully
passed DC tests as per their application. The smoothing reactor shall be
divided between pole and neutral for DC voltage above 500kV. Each
converter station shall be provided with one spare coil of smoothing reactor.
76
For the design of smoothing reactor, the Si factor has to be within the limits
(0.22 <Si< 1) where Si factor is defined as
Si= Udn/ Ld*Idn
Udn = Nominal HVDC Voltage level per pole
Idn = Nominal HVDC Current
Ld= Total DC side inductance = Ldr + 3.5 Ltr where Ldr- Smoothing
Reactor inductance
Ltr- Converter transformer inductance
The smoothing reactor shall be designed for Class H for inter turn insulation
as per IEC 60085, however, the maximum allowed hot-spot temperature
rise shall be limited to one class lower i.e Class F insulation.
(e) DC Voltage and Current Measuring Devices- The DC voltage measuring

equipment shall be installed at each pole. The DC measuring equipment at
pole and neutral bus shall be suitably located based on the control
philosophy and different protection zones such that complete pole and
neutral equipment are protected.
(f) DC Filters- DC harmonic filters shall be provided in DC yard to limit

harmonic voltages present on the DC lines (pole lines and electrode lines /
DMR line). The DC Filters shall consist of Blocking Filter, Low order filters,
Harmonic Filters and High Frequency Filters. The main filter equipment like
capacitors, reactors and resistors shall comply with the requirements of
relevant IS/IEC standards/ CIGRE documents. A series blocking filter shall
be provided, if required based on system studies, at each converter of the
inverter station. A parallel low order (2nd Harmonic) DC Filter shall be
provided across each converter of the station.
(g) DC Filter Design
The individual harmonic current (In) at any harmonic shall not exceed the
value which could cause mal-operation of the HVDC system control and
protection equipment supplied.
The maximum equivalent disturbing current (Ieq), without any filter outage,
for balanced bipolar and monopolar mode with metallic return or Dedicated
Metallic Return (DMR) modes of operation shall be as follows:
Operating Mode Ieq
Balanced bipolar operation 1500 mA

Monopolar mode with metallic or DMR 2200 mA
mode
77
The DC filter components shall be adequately rated to allow unrestricted
operation of the HVDC system in all operating modes and for all power
levels upto 1 p.u with any possible combination of filter branches connected.
The rating of the dc filter components shall be based on the assumption that
the per pole harmonic voltage is individually maximized at each harmonic
for any particular operating mode, and the filter component currents due to
the harmonic voltages at the terminals shall be assumed to add as RSS
(Root sum squared) at each harmonic.
Blocking filter reactor shall be designed for Class H for inter turn insulation
as per IEC 60085, however, the maximum allowed hot-spot temperature
rise shall be limited to one class lower i.e Class F insulation. The
AC/DC/PLC/RI reactor shall be designed for Class F insulation as per IEC
60085, however, the maximum allowed hot-spot temperature rise shall be
limited to one class lower i.e. Class B insulation.
(h) Surge Arresters
Surge arresters shall be gapless Metal Oxide arresters and shall be

designed, and tested as per relevant IS/ IEC. The arresters shall be
designed to absorb the desired amount of energy during a system
disturbance and shall be coordinated with recovery of DC system following
a disturbance as applicable.
The HVDC main arresters typically found in a HVDC System are as follows:
(i) Valve Arrester
(ii) Bridge Arrester (6 pulse/12 pulse)
(iii) DC Line Arrester
(iv) DC Neutral and DC Filter Arrester
(v) Converter Transformer and AC Filter Bus Arrester
(vi) Electrode line arrestor / DMR line arresters
(vii) Smoothing Reactor Arrester
(viii) DC Neutral Switch Arresters
13 Control and Protection System
(a) Control System:
(i) DC converter terminals shall be either manned by operator or controlled

by remote operation of SCADA system. The control system hierarchy
shall be as follows:
(A) Bipole Control
(B) Pole Control
(C) Converter control and Valve control
78
(ii) The HVDC Bipole shall have control features including but not limited to
the following:
(A) Reactive power controller:

(B) Current and power controller
(C) Frequency controller:
(D) Power modulator, pole power compensation:
(E) Sub Synchronous Resonance (SSR) Damping Controller (if
required):
(F) Load frequency controller (LFC)
(G) Current margin controller
(H) Excessive reactive power consumption controller
(I) AC system stability function, such as power swing damping function.
(J) Run back / Run up controller with provision to be linked to SPS of
System Operator
(b) Protection System
(i) HVDC system protection shall consist of two parts:
(A) AC side protection:
AC side protection function shall cover the zone for converter

transformer, AC filters, shunt capacitors, shunt reactors, and
busbars. These protections shall generally follow the same
philosophy as in a typical substation i.e. detection of fault by relay
and tripping of circuit breaker.
(B) DC side protection:
DC side protection shall cover the zones consisting of the valve

hall, DC switchyard including smoothing reactor and DC filters, DC
line, DMR line / electrode line and ground electrode. The protection
equipment shall be designed to be fail safe and shall ensure high
security to avoid mal-operation/ unwanted shutdown due to
protection equipment failures.
(ii) Following a DC Line fault, the HVDC System shall have the facility to
restart, one or more times, the faulted pole at a variable pre-selected DC
voltage level(s), not below 80% of the nominal voltage rating. The dc
transmission system shall be capable of recovery in a controlled and
stable manner without commutation failures during recovery following ac
and dc system faults. The post fault power order shall be equal to the
pre-fault power order unless AC/ DC systems dictate otherwise
79
(iii) Each protection system shall have two identical independent electrical
and mechanical systems with following protections.
(A) Converter differential protection;

(B) DC over current protection;
(C) DC differential protection;
(D) AC conductor ground fault protection;
(E) Commutation failure protection;
(F) DC filter protection (not applicable for back to back
schemes);
(G) DC smoothing reactor protection;
(H) DC line ground fault protection with restarts;
(I) DC line differential protection;
(J) DC under voltage/ over voltage protection;
(K) Ground Return mode / Dedicated Metallic Return (DMR)
protection
(L) AC filter and DC filter protections
(M) Electrode line monitoring and protection
(N) Thyristor Failure Monitoring
(iv) DC online fault locators shall be provided to monitor the entire DC line
length and give location of the fault with good accuracy in the range of
±1000 meters
(c) Software based controls and protection shall be used to permit flexibility in
effecting modifications at a later date. Protection and controls shall be
duplicated for reliability. Protection shall be provided by numerical relays
complying with IEC 61850 protocol to suit the requirements of reliability and
fast controllability of the HVDC system. Operation of the HVDC bipole
system shall be possible in the following modes:
(i) Balanced/ unbalanced bipolar operation;

(ii) Monopolar operation with metallic return:
(iii) Monopolar operation with ground operation/ with Dedicated Metallic
Return (DMR) mode;
(iv) Reduced voltage operation;
(v) Power reversal mode.
(d) The 'Sequence of events' recorder, transient fault recorder, on-line DC Line
fault locator, GPS system, visual display system, operator control protection
and monitoring system shall be a part of the HVDC system.
14 Telecommunication- For smooth operation of the HVDC system,

communication network with high reliability and availability shall be provided
for transmission of control and protection signals between the two or more (in
case of multi-terminal DC) HVDC terminals. The communication system shall
80
be through optical fibers, PLCC or both. There shall be main and back up
communication link.
15 Valve Hall: The valve hall shall mainly contain thyristor valves, its associated
structure & cooling and arresters. No oil filled equipment shall be present inside
the valve hall. In case the turret of converter transformers (having oil) is
protruding inside the valve hall, suitable fire barrier matching with adjacent
valve hall fire rating shall be provided. The valve halls shall be provided with
interference screening. In addition, the control cable and cable termination
rooms shall be suitably screened to minimize radio interference. Two nos.
scissor lift for erection and maintenance of valve modules shall be provided per
station. Proper cable sealing shall be provided for cable entry into valve hall
and control room to avoid entry of water and moisture. High frequency earthing
shall be provided inside valve hall as well as for control panels in service
building.
16 Valve Hall Ventilation: Suitable ventilation systems and filters with adequate
redundancy shall be provided for the valve hall.
17 Grounding & Safety
(a) The design of the grounding system shall be based on relevant IS/ IEEE.
(b) The electrical safety clearances for the dc side shall not be less than the
clearances applicable for an ac switchyard at the equivalent BIL level.
(c) The total electric field excluding space charge at ground level shall be as
prescribed in relevant standards.
(d) Fencing and electrical & mechanical key interlocking arrangements shall be
provided for all accessible areas and for valve halls, smoothing reactor area,
AC and DC filter areas.
18 Dedicated Metallic Return (DMR) / Earth Electrode
The current return path shall be either via a Dedicated Metallic Return (DMR)
conductor or via earth return using earth electrodes at both converter terminals.
DMR mode shall be preferred if it is difficult to identify a suitable site for earth
electrode station.
If earth electrodes are to be used the following requirements shall also be

considered:
(a) The earth electrode station shall be connected to the terminal by means of
an overhead transmission tine. The earth electrode shall be located at a
minimum distance of approximately 25 km (radial distance) away from the
converter station. It shall be designed to operate continuously at nominal
81
load and overload as per the requirement. The electrodes shall be designed
for both types of operation, anodic and cathodic.
(b) The earth electrode station shall have sub-electrodes. The maximum
current density at the sub-electrode surface, i.e. the boundary between
backfill (coke) and soil shall not exceed 0.5 A/m2 in clay soils. The number
of sub-electrodes shall be determined considering that 30% of the sub-
electrodes are not available. The amp hour rating for earth electrode shall
be selected based on the study for duration of earth electrode current and
the service life of the earth electrode station.
(c) The earth electrode station shall not affect the nearby electrical installation,
buried metallic pipelines, oil & gas pipelines, and railway lines etc.
(d) Each ground electrode shall have a resistance of less than or equal to 0.3
ohm (both working as an anode and cathode) at 50oC ambient temperature
(e) Touch voltage (Vt)- The touch voltage between any grounded metallic
object in the electrode station (including the connection to the overhead
electrode line) and any point in the soil which can be touched by a person
simultaneously shall not exceed 40 V when the electrode is operating at the
5 sec overload rating.
(f) Step Voltage (Vs)- The step voltage at ground level above the ground
electrode when the electrode is operating at the temporary over-toad rating
shall not exceed (Vs) = 5.0+ 0.03 ρs, where ρs is the local surface resistivity
in ohm-m.
(g) The above values of resistance: touch and step voltages would depend on
the actual geophysical characteristics of the soil at the place where the
electrode station is located. Suitable mitigation measures shall have to be
adopted in case the site has high resistivity.
(h) In addition, following interference effects shall be considered.
(i) Corrosion of buried metallic structure of foundations

(ii) DC Current in power lines, especially via power transformer neutrals
(risk of saturation of transformers).
(iii) DC current in telephone circuits.
(iv) Effect on the cathodic protection of the buried metallic pipe lines.
19 Auxiliary Power Supply System: The auxiliary power supply system shall
have the following:
(a) Highly reliable duplicated supply sources from two separate sources, with
automatic change-over facilities.
82
(b) Completely separated secondary distribution (415 V) systems for the
auxiliaries of each converter.
(c) Duplicated supply by two different 415 V power sources to essential loads
(e.g., cooling pumps, fans, heat exchangers, etc.).
(d) Provision of the diesel-generator set(s) to meet essential and emergency

loads and which starts-up automatically in case of loss of all the normal and
stand-by supply sources. One DG set per converter shall be provided at all
the converter stations.
(e) Parallel operation between station service transformers shall not be

permitted at any voltage level. Also parallel operation shall not be permitted
between transformers and the diesel generator.
(f) Suitable protection on all primary MV or LV supply connections.
(g) All auxiliaries shall give rated output at voltage variation of ±10% and
frequency variation of -5% to +3%.
(h) The station services DC system shall cater to the following:
(i) DC loads of HVAC and HVDC switchyards, auxiliary services control,

circuit breaker operating mechanisms, valve and pole control,
protection circuits, communication system loads, etc.
(ii) An indispensable minimum lighting load shall be connected to the

station DC system.
(i) The 220VDC supply system(s) per converter shall consist of at least two
independent DC systems; each system consisting of one charger, one
battery bank and one distribution panel.
(j) A 48 V DC system consisting of two battery sets, two Battery chargers and
two distribution boards shall also be supplied for communication panels
(wherever supplied).
20 Fire Detection, Alarm and Protection system: A comprehensive fire

detection, alarm and protection system as per Regulation 43 shall be provided.
Valve Hall shall have Very Early Smoke Detection Apparatus (VESDA) system.
Suitable Infra-Red (IR) detector to detect the flashover inside the Valve Hall
shall also be provided. The Valve hall shall be suitable for minimum 3 hour fire
rating.
21 Applicable Standards: All equipment and material shall be designed,

manufactured, tested and commissioned in accordance with latest Indian
83
Standards/ IEC standards, IEEE/ CIGRE guidelines and the Acts, Rules, Laws
and Regulations of India. Some of them are as follows:
(a) IEC 60633 - Terminology for High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)

transmission
(b) IEC 60700 (1-2) - Thyristor valves for High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)
power transmission
(c) IEC 60919 (1-3) - Performance of High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)
systems with line-commutated converters
(d) IEC 61803 - Determination of power losses in High-Voltage Direct Current
(HVDC) converter stations with line-commutated converters
(e) IEC-61975 - High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) installations - System
tests
(f) IEC-62001 (1-4) - High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems - Guidance
to the specification and design evaluation of AC filters
(g) IEC 65700 – Bushings for DC Applications
(h) IEC 60071 (1- 5) – Insulation Coordination
(i) CIGRE report 33/14-05: “Application guide for metal oxide arresters without
gaps for HVDC converter stations”
(j) IEC 61378(2-3) - Converter transformers
(k) IEC – 600076-6 Power transformers - Part 6: Reactors
(l) IEC 60871-(1-4) Shunt capacitors for a.c. power systems having a rated
voltage above 1000 V
(m) IEC 60747-6 - Semiconductor devices - Part 6: Discrete devices –
Thyristors
(n) CIGRE- TB 136 1999 SC 14 TF 14.01.04 Fire aspects of HVDC thyristor
valves and valve halls.
(o) PWI/TR 115-6 Ed. 1.0 -Guidelines for the system design of HVDC project
(p) IEC/TS 63014 Ed. 1.0 -High voltage direct current (HVDC) power
transmission - System requirements for dc-side equipment - Part 1: Line-
Commutated Converters
(q) IEC/TR 63065 Ed. 1.0 - Guidelines for operation and maintenance of HVDC
converter station
(r) IEC/TR 62978 Ed. 1.0 - Guidelines on Asset Management for HVDC
Installations
PART-B
Technical Details of Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based HVDC

Terminals/ Stations
1. General: The VSC based HVDC system shall use Insulated Gate Bipolar
Transistor (IGBT) technology and shall be considered primarily for the following
without concerns about the available Short Circuit Ratio:
 Point to point transmission scheme (overhead/ cable)

 Back to Back transmission scheme
84
 Parallel operation with LCC HVDC system
 Multi-terminal system
 Supplying load in isolated areas
2. Design Consideration: The following minimum technical information shall be

required for VSC based HVDC installation:
(a) The amount of power to be transmitted including overload requirement

(b) The transmission distance and type of DC transmission line (cable or
overhead line or a combination thereof)
(c) Length of overhead line, length of cable as applicable
(d) DC transmission voltage
(e) Power system characteristics of sending and receiving end system to which
VSC transmission system is connected, including all the parallel
transmission system, if any
(f) Steady State performance requirements
(g) Dynamic performance requirements, including control and monitoring
facilities
(h) Transient performance
3. System Studies: HVDC control parameters and equipment shall be designed

by carrying out the following studies at different stages of the project:
(a) Design Studies

(i) Main Circuit Parameter
(ii) AC Over-Voltage [DOV, Temporary Over Voltage and Transient Over
Voltage]
(iii) DC Over-voltage
(iv) Low Frequency Characteristics
(v) High Frequency Characteristics
(vi) Transient Stresses
(vii) External Insulation and Clearances
(viii) Insulation co-ordination
(ix) AC Circuit Breaker Requirements
(x) Equipment design studies
(xii) Station Earthing
(xiii) Lightning Protection
(b) Performance Studies

(i) Losses
(ii) Electrical Interference
(iii) Electric and Magnetic Fields
(iv) Reliability, Availability and Maintainability
(v) Audible Noise
(c) Network Studies

(i) Stability, Modulation and Frequency Control
85
(ii) AC System Equivalents
(iii) Sub-Synchronous Torsional Interaction
(iv) Black start islanded operation studies
4. HVDC Equipment- A typical HVDC station shall consist of the following main
equipment:
(a) VSC valves and associated equipment & cooling system

(b) Interface transformers;
(c) Converter reactors;
(d) DC reactors*;
(e) Phase reactor*
(f) DC filters*;
(g) AC filters*;
(h) Radio frequency interference filters
(i) Valve side harmonic filters*
(j) Control and protection of AC and DC side;
(k) Electrical and mechanical auxiliaries;
(l) Earth electrode station*;
(m)AC switchyard equipment;
(n) DC switchyard equipment;
(o) Surge arresters;
(p) Measuring instruments;
(q) Communication system between converter stations (Optical/ PLCC).
(r) Wall bushings (AD and DC side)
(s) Insertion resistors
(t) DC voltage balancing device* (for symmetrical monopole configuration
only)
(u) High Impedance Grounding of Symmetrical Monopoles
(*) if applicable
5. Converter Station AC Yard
(a) AC bus equipment- The AC circuit breakers, disconnectors, instrument

transformers and other switchyard equipment shall be similar to that of the
equipment specified under Regulation 43. The bus rating shall be adopted
according to the calculation considering single bus operation. The switching
duties of the AC circuit breakers will be decided based on transient over
voltage study, insulation co-ordination, AC filters (if applicable) and
protection studies.
(b) Insertion resistors- Insertion resistors shall be used to limit inrush currents
during energization of the converter. They shall be located on the primary
or converter side of the interface transformer. After the energization process
is completed the resistor shall be bypassed by a disconnector or bypass
switch.
86
(c) AC harmonic filters
(i) State-of-the-art Voltage-Sourced Converters (VSC) in modular multi-

level converter (MMC) topologies generate nearly no or only a small amount
of harmonics. The need of ac harmonic filters shall be evaluated based on
study results.
(ii) If filters are required, the main filter equipment namely capacitors,
reactors and resistors shall comply with the requirements of following IEC
or Equivalent IS as follows:
Capacitors : IEC 60871;

Reactors : IEC 60076-6 & IEC-60289;
Resistors : IEC 62001.
(d) If study results confirm the need for power line carrier (PLC) filtering- PLC
filters shall be installed close to interface transformers to mitigate high
frequency harmonic currents generated during IGBT switching.
(e) Interface transformers
(i) The interface transformers shall be single phase units. For smaller
HVDC ratings (e.g. back-to-back schemes) three phase transformers
may be possible. The transformers shall comply with the requirements
of relevant standards. The maximum flux density in any part of the core
and yoke at the rated MVA, voltage and frequency shall be such that
under 10% continuous over voltage condition it does not exceed 1. 9
Tesla.
(ii) The insulation level for the transformer AC (line side) windings and
bushings shall be as given at Regulation 43 and insulation levels of the
valve side windings shall be determined in accordance with studies. The
impedance of the transformer shall be determined in accordance with
studies and variations in impedance shall be as per requirements of
relevant standards.
(iii) Interface transformers shall be equipped with On Load Tap Changer

(OLTC) mechanism, Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) devices (if applicable)
shall be provided between tap leads of the OLTC. The OLTC tap steps
shall be determined in accordance with the operating strategy of the
converters.
(iv)The requirements of soak pits and firewalls shall be in line with

Regulation 43
(f) VSC valves
87
(i) The IGBT valves shall be complete with associated auxiliaries and
cooling system. The VSC valves shall be tested as per IEC 62501.
Adequate redundant devices shall be provided to enable continued
operation in case of failure of an individual component. Advanced
converter topologies shall be used to reduce losses of VSC based
HVDC converters.
(ii) The VSC valves shall be water cooled, air insulated and indoor type.
The valves shall be either suspended type or floor mounted type
depending upon the operating DC voltage and seismic requirements.
(iii)The VSC valve cooling system shall use de-ionized water circulated in a
closed cycle. The cooling unit shall comprise of a de-ionizer, expansion
vessel, conductivity, flow and temperature sensors, mechanical filters,
etc. Adequate redundancies shall be provided. Necessary control and
monitoring including tripping of the HVDC system in case of cooling
system failure shall be provided.
(iv)The valves shall be placed in the valve hall which shall have a positive
pressure over atmospheric pressure and humidity control feature. The
pressurization will be maintained by ventilation system. The valve hall
shall have fire and early smoke detection system.
6. Converter Station DC Yard
(a) The DC yard shall comprise of equipment such as HVDC bushings, DC

reactors, DC filters (if applicable), DC current and voltage measuring
instruments and switchgear.
(b) The creepage distance for DC yard and other areas shall be maintained as
indicated below:
Insulator type Under light Under heavy

pollution pollution
Indoor porcelain or glass or 20 mm/ kV 20 mm/ kV
composite insulators for valve hall
and indoor smoothing reactor area
Indoor DC yard (other than 30 mm/ kV 30 mm/ kV
smoothing reactor)
Outdoor porcelain/ glass insulators 50 mm/ kV 60 mm/ kV
or bushings with RTV coating
Outdoor composite insulators or 50 mm/ kV 50 mm/ kV
bushings
88
(c) DC wall bushing - DC wall bushings, used for electrical connection
between the equipment inside the valve hall and the outdoor DC yard shall
be of polymer housing as per relevant standards.
(d) DC Reactors - The DC reactors (if used) shall be of air core type. The
reactors shall generally comply with relevant standards and shall also have
been subjected to DC tests as per their application.
(e) DC Voltage and Current Measuring Devices- The DC voltage measuring

equipment shall be installed at each pole. The DC measuring equipment at
pole and neutral bus shall be suitably located based on the control
philosophy and different protection zones such that complete pole and
neutral equipment are protected.
(f) DC Filters- If required DC harmonic filters shall be provided in DC yard to

limit harmonic voltages present on the DC lines (pole lines and electrode
lines).
7. Control and Protection
(a) Control
(i) DC converter terminals shall be either manned by operator or controlled

by remote Operation of SCADA system. The control system hierarchy
shall be as follows:
(A) Station/ Bipole* Control (*only for bipolar arrangements);
(B) Pole Control;
(C) Converter and valve control;
(ii) The HVDC converter shall have control features including but not limited
to the following:
(A) Active power control
(B) Reactive power control;
(C) AC Voltage control
(D) DC Voltage control
(E) Frequency controller (if applicable);
(F) Power modulation control (if applicable);
(G) Runback and run-up functions (if applicable);
(H) Sub synchronous torsional interaction damping control (if
applicable);
(b) Protection
(i) The protection equipment shall be designed to be fail-safe and shall

ensure high security to avoid mal-operation/ unwanted shutdown due to
protection equipment failures.
89
(ii) HVDC system protection shall consist of following protection zones:
(a) AC System Protection zone
(b) Converter Transformer Protection Zone
(c) Secondary Busbar Protection Zone
(d) Converter Protection Zone
(e) DC Busbar Protection Zone
(f) DC line & cable Protection Zone
(iii) Each protection system shall have two identical independent electrical
and mechanical systems including the following protections.
(A) AC over- and under-voltage protection
(B) Over- and under-frequency protection
(C) AC busbar differential protection;
(D) Insertion resistor overload protection
(E) AC overcurrent protection
(F) Converter overcurrent protection
(G) Converter overload protection
(H) Converter differential protection
(I) Converter current imbalance protection
(J) DC voltage imbalance protection
(K) DC busbar differential protection
(L) DC line differential protection
(M) DC over- and under-voltage protection
(N) Electrode line monitoring and protection (if applicable)
(O) DC filter protection (if applicable)
(P) AC filter protection (if applicable)
(Q) AC connection Harmonic protection
(R) Phase current unbalance
(S) Protection Block Failure or Repetitive Blocking failure protection
(T) Phase arm harmonic protection
(U) DC Line Overcurrent Protection
(V) DC Line harmonic protection
(c) Software based controls and protection shall be used to permit flexibility in
effecting modifications at a later date. Protection and controls shall be
duplicated for reliability. Protection shall be provided by numerical relays to
suit the requirements of reliability and fast controllability of the HVDC
system.
(d) For bipolar schemes the following operation modes shall be possible:
(i) Balanced/ unbalanced bipolar operation;

(ii) Monopolar operation with metallic return;
(iii) Monopolar operation with ground return / DMR
(e) The 'Sequence of events' recorder, transient fault recorder, on-line DC Line
fault locator, GPS system, visual display system, operator control protection
90
and monitoring system shall be a part of the HVDC system.
8. Telecommunication- For smooth operation of the HVDC system,

communication network with high reliability and availability shall be provided
for transmission of control and protection signals between the two HVDC
terminals. The communication system shall be through optical fibers, PLCC or
both. There shall be main and backup communication link.
9. Electrode –The current return path shall be either via a Dedicated Metallic
Return (DMR) conductor or via earth return using earth electrodes at both
converter terminals. DMR mode shall be preferred if it is difficult to identify a
suitable site for earth electrode station meeting above requirements. If earth
electrodes are to be used the following requirements shall also be considered:
(a) The earth electrode station shall be connected to the terminal by means of
an overhead transmission tine. The earth electrode shall be located at a
minimum distance of approximately 25 km (radial distance) away from the
converter station. It shall be designed to operate continuously at nominal
load and overload as per the requirement. The thorough soil investigation
shall be carried out for shallow & deep resistivity, thermal conductivity and
moisture content etc. at the proposed location. The electrodes shall be
designed for both types of operation, anodic and cathodic.
(b) The earth electrode station shall have sub-electrodes. The maximum
current density at the sub-electrode surface, i.e. the boundary between
backfill (coke) and soil shall not exceed 0.5 A/m2 in clay soils. The number
of sub-electrodes shall be determined considering that 30% of the sub-
electrodes are not available. The amp hour rating for earth electrode shall
be selected based on the study for duration of earth electrode current and
the service life of the earth electrode station.
(c) The earth electrode station shall not affect the nearby electrical installation,
buried metallic pipelines, oil & gas pipelines, and railway lines etc.
(d) Each ground electrode shall have a resistance of less than or equal to 0.3
ohm (both working as an anode and cathode) at 50oC ambient temperature
(e) Touch voltage (Vt)- The touch voltage between any grounded metallic
object in the electrode station (including the connection to the overhead
electrode line) and any point in the soil which can be touched by a person
simultaneously shall not exceed 40 V when the electrode is operating at the
5 sec overload rating.
(f) Step Voltage (Vs)- The step voltage at ground level above the ground
electrode when the electrode is operating at the temporary over-toad rating
shall not exceed (Vs) = 5.0 + 0.03 ρs, where ρs is the local surface
91
resistivity in ohm-m.
(g) The above values of resistance: touch and step voltages would depend on
the actual geophysical characteristics of the soil at the place where the
electrode station is located. Suitable mitigation measures shall have to be
adopted in case the site has high resistivity.
(h) In addition, following interference effects shall be considered.
(i) Corrosion of buried metallic structure of foundations

(ii) DC Current in power lines, especially via power transformer neutrals
(risk of saturation of transformers).
(iii) DC current in telephone circuits.
(iv) Effect on the cathodic protection of the buried metallic pipe lines.”.
P.C. Kureel, Secy.

[ADVT.III/4/Exty./187G/15]
Note- The Principal regulations were published in the Gazette of India,

Extraordinary, Part-III, Section-4, vide notification number CEA/ TETD/ MP/
R/ 01/ 2010, dated the 20th August, 2010 and subsequently amended vide
notification number 502/ 11/ DP&D/ 2015, dated the 7th April,2015.
92

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भारत सरकार

केंद्रीय विद्युत प्राधिकरण

New Delhi, dated the 2019

No. CEA/TETD/MP/R/01/2010 - Whereas the draft regulation proposing to amend the

Now, therefore in exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (2) of section

2. In the Central Electricity Authority (Technical Standards for Construction of

i) after clause (b), the following clause shall be inserted, namely:-

‘(ba) “automatic voltage regulator” means a continuously acting automatic

3. In regulation 3 of the said regulations,-

“(b) copies of the project design memorandum, technical description, data

(d) technical documents relating to the design, engineering and construction of

“(e) Indian Boiler Regulation/ Chief Controller of Explosive approved documents,

4. In regulation 5 of the said regulations,-

5. In regulation (6) of said regulations,-

“(d) Adequate space shall be provided for unloading and maintenance

ii) in sub-regulation (2), clause (j) shall be deleted:-

6. In regulation (7) of said regulations,-

ii) for sub-regulation (3), the following shall be substituted, namely:-

iii) for sub-regulation (4), the following shall be substituted, namely:-

7. In regulation (8) of said regulations,-

i) for sub-regulation (4), the following shall be substituted, namely:-

“(4) Boiler Maximum Continuous Rating (BMCR) shall correspond to at least

ii) for sub-regulation (11), the following shall be substituted, namely:-

iv) for sub-regulation (16), the following shall be substituted, namely:-

(d) Pressure withstand capability of the ESP casing shall correspond to

Similar requirements shall be applicable for bag filter also.”.

8. In regulation (9) of said regulations,-

i) for Table 1, the following table shall be substituted, namely:-

Unit rating (MW) Heat rate* (kcal/kWh) Heat rate* (kcal/kWh)

*corresponding to reference conditions of 33 deg C cooling water temperature

ii) for sub-regulation (4), the following shall be substituted, namely:-

iii) for sub-regulation (6), the following shall be substituted, namely:-

“(6) Suitable mechanism shall be provided to ensure lubrication and prevent

iv) for sub-regulation (7), the following shall be substituted, namely:-

vi) for sub-regulation (19), the following shall be substituted, namely:-

“(19) 3x50% or 2x100% condensate extraction pumps shall be provided for

“(a) Large Size Units (500 MW & above)

“(b) Small Size Units (< 500 MW)

v) In sub-regulation (3), in clause (b), the sub-clause (iii) shall be deleted :-

x) in sub-regulation (3), in clause (d), the sub-clause (iii) shall be deleted :-

xiii) for sub-regulation (5), the following shall be substituted, namely:-

“(c) Power supplies, buses, switchgears, interlocks and standby supply

“(e) Auxiliary transformers, as required, shall be provided to meet the demand

xix) for sub-regulation (13), the following shall be substituted, namely:-

xx) for sub-regulation (14), the following shall be substituted, namely:-

xxi) for sub-regulation (15), the following shall be substituted, namely:-

“(15) Illumination system- Adequate illumination shall be provided in

“(iii) Control systems integral to turbine- generator shall include turbine

11. In regulation (12) of said regulations,-

“(e) Waste Water Treatment System

The waste water generated at various locations shall be segregated at the

This Chapter stipulates the minimum technical requirements for construction of

14. In regulation (30) of said regulations,-

i) for sub-regulation (1), the following shall be substituted, namely:-

ii) for sub-regulation (2), the following shall be substituted, namely:-

iii) for sub-regulation (4), the following shall be substituted, namely:-

iv) for sub-regulation (6), the following shall be substituted, namely:-

17. In regulation (33) of said regulations,-

i) for sub-regulation (5), the following shall be substituted, namely:-

ii) for sub-regulation (6), the following shall be substituted, namely:-

“(6) The weighted average efficiency shall be computed based on the

iii) for sub-regulation (8), the following shall be substituted, namely:-

iv) for sub-regulation (9), the following shall be substituted, namely:-

v) for sub-regulation (12), the following shall be substituted, namely:-