Department of Education

SAINT IGNATIUS LOYOLA ACADEMY, INC.

Liloan, Southern Leyte

LEARNING MATERIALS
PE AND HEALTH 12
Quarter 3 Lesson 2

_______________________________ _________________________________ _________________________

NAME GRADE&SECTION DATE
MET 1: RECREATIONAL GAMES
MELC: Demonstrate proper etiquette and safety precautions in the use of facilities and equipment.

First Aid and Safety for Common Injuries and Burns

First Aid
First aid is the immediate assistance given to a person suffering from a sudden illness or injury. It includes self-
help and home care if professional medical assistance is not available or delayed. The students must at least know how to
administer first aid to relieve pain and prevent the condition from worsening while waiting for full medical attention.
The first aid kit is a set of supplies and equipment used to administer first aid. In your school and community,
first aid kits should be available, visible, and readily accessible in case of injuries or emergencies. It should also be
regularly checked for completeness and freshness of supplies.
Here are some first-aid essentials.
1. Tweezers are the safest tool to use in removing a splinter or tick. Disinfect the tweezers well before and after each
use.
2. Hydrocortisone cream is used to relieve itchiness from insect bites and reduce inflammation. Just apply some
cream to the infected area.
3. Hand sanitizer and gloves are used to sanitize the hands before attending to any injuries if soap and water are
not readily available.
4. Pain relievers such as aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen are used to relieve pain and bring down a fever.
5. Gauze and tape are used to cover, protect, and stop the bleeding due to cuts, scrapes, and wounds.
6. Wipes are used to clean cuts, scrapes, and wounds if no clean water is available.
7. Antibiotic cream can help protect minor wounds from infection. It can keep the area moist which may promote
healing and prevent the wound from getting stuck to a bandage.
8. Allergy medications such as antihistamines are used for mild allergic reaction.

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Triangular Bandage
A triangular bandage is a wide triangular cloth preferably 1.5 meters across and one meter along the sides. It is
used to support an injured arm by hanging from around the neck. It can be purchased from pharmacies and drug stores. An
existing cloth can also be used by folding it in half diagonally to form a triangle.

A triangular bandage can be used as an arm sling. To make an arm sling supporting an injured arm, do the
following steps:

1. Place one end of the triangular bandage over the injured shoulder, and let the other end hang down in front of
the chest, parallel to the side of the body.
2. Carry the point behind the elbow of the injured arm.
3. Place the other end of the bandage up over the uninjured shoulder, and tie the two ends together at the side of
the neck and not over the spine.
4. Pin the edges of the sling near the elbow together.
5. Make sure that the fingers extend beyond the sling to be able to check whether or not the blood circulation is
cut off.
6. Adjust the sling as needed, so that the injured arm rests comfortably against the chest.

PRACTICE: Count off 1 and 2. All number 1s will be one group and will act as the first aider. All number 2s will be
another group and will act as the patient. Now, pair up and demonstrate how to make an arm sling. Then, exchange roles
and demonstrate again how to make it.

The triangular bandage can also be used:

1. as an emergency cover for the entire scalp, hand, foot, or any large area of the body;
2. as a sling for fracture or other injuries of the arm or hand;
3. to tie splints, as a constricting band, and as a tourniquet; and
4. to put pressure on the injured area to stop it from bleeding.
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To use the triangular bandage as cover for the entire scalp, do the following steps:

1. Fold a hem about 6 cm wide along the base.

2. Place the bandage on the head, so that the middle of the base lies on the forehead close down to the eyebrows and
the point hangs down the back of the head.
3. Carry the two ends around the head above the ears, and cross them just below the bump at the back of the head.
4. Draw the ends snugly, carry them around the head, and tie them at the center of the forehead.
5. Steady the head with one hand and draw the point down firmly behind with the other hand holding the compress
securely against the head. Pick up the point and tuck it in where the bandage ends cross, or pin it down with a
safety pin at the back of the head.

To use the triangular bandage as cover for bandaging the eye, do the following steps:

1. Doing this requires two bandages, both folded into cravats.

2. Drape one cravat over the head, covering the good eye, so it hangs down the back of the victim’s neck and down
his face.
3. Take the second cravat, wrapping around both eyes and over the first cravat, tying it in the front, over the
uninjured eye.
4. Finally, take the ends of the first cravat and loop them over the head, tying them on the scalp so that the second
cravat is lifted off the good eye. The figure above will help this all make sense.

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PRACTICE: This time form two groups. Group 1 will be boys who will act as first aiders, while group 2 will be girls
who will act as patients. Pair up and demonstrate how to make a triangular bandage for the head. Then, exchange roles
and demonstrate again how to do it.

To make a cravat bandage, do the following steps:

1. Bring the point of a triangular bandage to the middle of the base.

2. Fold lengthwise along the middle until you obtain the desired width.
3. Place the center of the cravat over the compress that covers the wound.
4. Carry the ends around to the opposite side of the head and cross them.
5. Bring them back to the starting point and tie them.

PRACTICE: Form dyads. One will act as the first aider. The other will act as the patient. Demonstrate how to make a
cravat bandage. Then, exchange roles and demonstrate again how to make it.

There are many health organizations that promote first-aid training and over the world. The main reason
is that accidents can happen at any point of time. It may be while walking or running, riding a jeep, playing, swimming
and even just sitting at a bench Furthermore, it is important to know how to react accordingly in a given situation.
workshops all.

BASIC FIRST AID STUDENTS MUST LEARN

1. first aid for bleeding

a. Use a clean cloth to cover directly to the wound to stop the flow of the blood.
b. If bleeding continues, add more layers of cloth, and do not remove the first layer
2. first aid for burns
a. Before anything else, stop the burning. If it is caused by heat, cool it down with water.
b. Cover the burn with clean, sanitized gauze/cloth. Do not apply anything such as ointment and oil.
3. first aid for blisters
a. If a blister is small and unbroken, it will be better to leave it as it is.
b. Avoid continuous rubbing to prevent swelling.
4. first aid for sprain
a. Stabilize the limb.
b. Apply the RICE Treatment:
Rest – Stop from any activities that may cause pain or soreness.
Ice - Apply ice directly to the injured part for 10-20 minutes to prevent or minimize swelling.
Compression - Use an elastic bandage to wrap the sore area to help minimize swelling. Do not wrap it
too tight to avoid numbness that will cause an increased pain.
Elevate - To minimize swelling, lie down and raise your leg/injury above the heart level.
5. first aid for nosebleed
a. Lean forward.
b. Pinch the nose, not the nostrils. hose, not the nostrils.
c. Continue to pinch the nose until the bleeding stops.

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 Department of Education
SAINT IGNATIUS LOYOLA ACADEMY, INC.
Liloan, Southern Leyte

LEARNING MATERIALS
PE AND HEALTH 12
Quarter 3 Lesson 2

_________________________ ____________________________________ ________________________

NAME GRADE&SECTION DATE
MET 1: RECREATIONAL GAMES
MELC: Demonstrate proper etiquette and safety precautions in the use of facilities and equipment.

First Aid and Safety for Common Injuries and Burns

Activity No. 2
Write down the proper treatment for each injury below.

1. Muscle spasm (thigh)

4. Skin asthma/rashes

2. Inflamed knee due to muscle fatigue

5. Insect bite

3. Nosebleed