8

Class number: UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES

HEALTH 9 Quarter 3 – Week 7 & 8
ANSWER SHEET

NAME:_ _ Date:
SECTION: Score: _

POST ASSESSMENT: 30 points

1. 6. 11. 16. 21. 26.
2. 7. 12. 17. 22. 27.
3. 8. 13. 18. 23. 28.
4. 9. 14. 19. 24. 29.
5. 10. 15. 20. 25. 30.

WHAT CAN I DO
ACTIVITY 1: 40 points
Case 1. A woman slips on a spilled drink while walking at the park and has a possible injury
of strain.

Splint
Hot Compress
Elevate
Ice Compress
Rest the injured part

Case 2. A friend of yours accidentally breaks his arm and bleeds during a basketball game
in your barangay.

Splint
Seek medical assistance
Stop Bleeding
Rest the injured part

Case 3. An 18-year-old male student complains of nausea, vomiting after eating a leftover
food and milk in their house.

Place the student on his or her left side

Save vomit on empty bottle
Seek medical assistance

Case 4. A lady accidentally was bitten by a snake on her left arm.

Locate the fang marks and clean the wounds

Put left arm lower than the heart
Seek immediate medical assistance
Remove jewelry
WHAT CAN I DO: ACTIVITY 2: 60 POINTS
Step by step first aid for__________________________________(indicate the injury)
1

Step by step first aid for__________________________________(indicate the injury)

2
 9
UNINTENTIONAL
INJURIES
MODULE IN HEALTH 9
Quarter 3 – Week 7 & 8

PRECIOUS IVY L. LICUDINE / JENNIFER C. PINLAC

Developer
Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region
 WHAT I NEED KNOW
In this module, you will be dwelling on the following competencies distributed in two lessons:
Learning Competencies:
1. Demonstrates proper techniques in carrying and transporting the victim of
unintentional injuries. H9IS-IIIg-h-42
2. Demonstrates proper first aid procedures for common unintentional injuries.
H9IS-IIIg-h-43

Lesson 1: Techniques in carrying and transporting the victim of unintentional injuries.

Lesson 2: Proper first aid procedures for common unintentional injuries.

What Is It
Everyone should know the application of first aid. It is an immediate care provided to a person
injured. It can be a home care that will lessen the severity of pain, prevent additional injury and
even the chances of infection. With a first aid kit, as shown below, you can treat injuries that occur
at home easily.

Alcohol Gloves Scissor Bandages

Dressing Tape Thermometer Band aid Medicines

Anyone who gives first aid is a first aider. Remember that the role of a first aider is not to compete
or take the place of the physician but rather a first aider is serving as a bridge that will fill the gap
before the physician start his/her assessment to the injured person.
First aid is given in order to:
1. Save lives
2. Prolong life
3. Alleviate suffering or pain
4. Prevent further injury
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD FIRST AIDER
As a first aider you should be:
 Gentle – should not cause harm or pain to the person injured.
 Resourceful – use the best of things available at hand.
 Observant – should be watchful to all signs and symptoms
 Tactful – shows a sense of concern for the victims’ feelings and does not frighten
the victim as to her/his current condition.
 Empathetic – has the ability to understand the injured persons feelings and emotions.
 Cheerful – able to develop confidence and cheerful attitude by letting the
injured person see a positive outcome of the situation.
 Sympathetic – shows comfort and reassures the victim safety.

In addition, a first aider should remember the do’s and the don’ts in giving first aid.

Dos in Giving First Aid Don’ts in Giving First Aid

1. Do stay calm
2. Do reassure and comfort the victim.
3. Do check for a medical bracelet indicating a
condition such as epilepsy or diabetes
4. Do loosen any tight clothing.
5. Do keep the victim covered to reduce shock.
1. Do not give food and drinks to
an unconscious person.
2. Do not move an injured
person unless you need to place
him/her in the recovery position.

Ways to Conduct Physical Assessment Before Giving First Aid

The gathering of information to determine possible injury includes interviews and physical
examination. As a first aider, you must always consider if the scene is safe before proceeding to
conduct help and to care for injuries. Always consider the following:
Is the scene safe
Wearing of gloves and mask for personal safety
What happens? (Forces involved that cause injury)
Number of injured persons
Identify self and get consent
1. Primary Survey
It is done to find out whether the person is conscious (responsive) or unconscious (unresponsive)
and to treat life threatening situations.
a. Check for consciousness by shaking the injured person’s shoulder.
b. If the injured person is conscious then ask for the most immediate pain
or problems.
c. if there is no response, then the victim is considered unconscious and
need immediate medical assistance. You must call immediate response (911) or
asked somebody to call for help.
d. Check vital signs
e. Check ABC (Airway, Breathing and Circulation)
Breathing – Put your ear near the unconscious person’s mouth to feel the breath or sound of
breathing and observe if there is chest movement.
Circulation – In checking the pulse, always use your middle and index finger to feel the pulse that
indicates blood circulation. Poor blood circulation is dangerous which can be seen on the pale
color of the skin.

Airway– person who are unconscious maybe due

to an obstruction the airway making breathing
impossible. Lift the chin and tilt the head of the
unconscious person to check any blockage on the
throatand clear the airway.

The radial pulse is a pulse that can be The carotid pulse is a pulse that
taken by placing two fingertips gently at can be taken on the right side of the
the wrist. neck over the carotid artery
In determining radial or carotid pulse
Adult 60-100 beat per minute

Child 80 – 100 beat per minute

Infant 100- 120 beat per minute

To revive circulation, adult who are well trained in conducting CPR Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
(CPR) can perform it immediately.
CPR is a combination of chest compression and ventilations. Meaning
if the heart stops, it is possible to restore at least some of the blood flow
through the circulatory system by chest compression. The most
effective chest compressions occur with rhythmic downward pressure
on the chest.
Remember that there are things that needed to be learned such as how
to compress, compression area and compression depth. In this case,
we will skip learning the CPR.

2. Secondary Survey
It is to be done when the victim is responsive and unresponsive. Its main objective is to determine
and treat specific injuries or medical problems by doing a Head-to-Toe Assessment and check
possible injuries such as:
D – Deformity such as dislocation and fracture
C – Contusion
A – Abrasion
P –
Puncture B
– Burn
L– Laceration
and ask the following:
S – Signs and Symptoms. Signs can be done base on what you observe and symptoms is the main
complaint of the injured person.
A – Allergy (allergic reactions to food, dust, etc)
M– Medications (current medicines he/she is taking)
P - Past Pertinent Medical History for the last 6 months (previous illness)
L – Last Oral Intake (Last food intake)
E – Events leading to the injury
P – Period of Pain (How long?)
A – Area (Where the pain is coming from)
 I – Intensity (Degree of pain from 1-10)
N– Nullify (What stopped it?)

CARRYING AND TRANSPORTING AN INJURED PERSON

Transporting and carrying casualties must be very careful otherwise a further damage or
injury may occur. Transporting and carrying when equipment is not available have various
types and ways which suits the situation.

A. One- person carry

This method can be used for both conscious and unconscious persons.
Similar methods include piggyback style, fireman carry, or pack-strap carry.
Drag methods are also used especially when rescuers are alone and cannot carry the
casualty to safety.

One person lift – This type is ideally for a child or a very light person.
Step: Place your arms under the victim’s knees and around their back.

Fireman’s carry- This is preferably for carrying victim to longer

distances. This also requires a sturdy rescuer as it is difficult to put the
casualty on the shoulders.

Steps: The rescuer’s arm is wrapped across the casualty’s legs and
grasps the casualty’s opposite arm.

Pack-strap carry – This technique can also be applied when carrying casualty to
longer distance. Moreover, it can be used when the fireman- carry is unsafe to apply
due to injuries.
Steps:
1. Place both the casualty’s arms over your shoulders.
2. Cross the casualty’s arms by grasping the casualty’s opposite wrist.
3. Pull the arms close to your chest.
4. Squat slightly and drive your hips into the casualty while bending a
little at the waist.
5. Balance the load on your hips and support the victim with your legs.

Drag Methods
Drags are use typically when there is no enough time to keep the casualty in
safe zone especially when the victim is unconscious and when the size of the casualty
prevents a safe carry.
This method highlights three types of drags which includes blanket drag,
shoulder drag, and ankle drag.
blanket drag - It can be used to transport a victim who, due to the worsening of
the injury, should not be lifted or carried by one person.
 Steps:
1. Tuck the blanket under one side of the victim.
2. Roll the casualty towards you gently and positioned him/her at the
center of the blanket Fold the blanket’s end near the head of the
casualty and drag to safety.
3. Slightly lift the head and shoulder of the casualty so as not to
bump against the floor.

 ankle drag- This method is the quickest way to transport a victim

but in a short distance over a smooth surface.
Steps:
1. Firmly grasp the person’s ankles and move backward in a straight
line.
2. Make sure that in doing this the floor is smooth and the does not
cause more pain to the casualty.

 Shoulder drag- The shoulder drag is another quick method of

transporting casualty. This drag is ideally for short distances as it is
difficult on the rescuer.
Steps:
1. Place victim in a seated position
2. Squat behind the victim and grasp under their arms reaching your
own wrist.
3. Support the head and try to keep the pull as straight as possible.

B. Two-man Carry

 Two- handed seat

This technique of carrying casualties needs two people and can be
used to transport conscious person and not seriously injured
Steps:
1. Put one arm behind the victim’s thighs and the other across the
person’s back.
2. Interlock your arms with the other rescuer so that it goes behind the
person’s legs and across their back.
3. Lift the victim sitting on the “ two-handed seat” created by the rescuers.

 Four-handed Seat
This technique can be applied for conscious casualty. The casualty
must be able stand without support and can hold himself/herself up right
during the maneuver or transport. This technique provides the casualty
comfortable and put minimum strain on rescuers.
Steps:
a. Both rescuers position themselves behind the casualty and face each
other.
b. Each rescuer holds his/her own left wrist with his/her right hand. Hold
the other rescuer’s right wrist with his left hand which forms a
packsaddle.
 c. Have the casualty stand or let others present in the area help the
casualty to sit on the formed hand seat.
d. The casualty must sit on the rescuers’ forearms and put his/her arms
around the rescuers’ shoulders for balance and support.
e. Rescuers must stand and move at the same time while transporting
the victim.

 Chair Carry
This method is ideally for carrying casualties up and down the stairs and
narrow or bumpy areas. The chair must strong. Swivel chairs, aluminum beach
chairs, or folding chairs are not ideal for chair carry.

Steps:
1. Place the victim on a sturdy chair.
2. First rescuer must stand behind, and holds the back of the chair, and
leans back on its rear legs.
3. Second rescuer faces back to the chair. Squat and hold the front legs
of the chair.
4. Stand at the command of the rescuer holding the rear legs.

C. Three-man carry
This technique is ideal for carrying a casualty into a bed or stretcher for
moving them into short distances.
Steps:

1. Each rescuer kneels on their knees nearest to the casualty’s feet.

2. On the command of the rescuer at the head, the rescuers lift the
casualty up and rest the casualty on their knees.
3. If the casualty is to be placed on a stretcher, rescuers must put
down the casualty at the command of the rescuer at the head,
4. IF the casualty is to be placed on a higher bed or to be carried:
 rescuers must roll the casualty towards their chest;

the rescuers will stand at the command of the rescuer at the
head;
 rescuers will start walking with the same foot while walking
in a line
It is important to know how to properly provide first for common
unintentional injuries to avoid worsening of the injury and to be able to
save life in emergencies. Common unintentional injuries are those we
encounter mostly such as falls, car crash or motor vehicle accidents,
drowning, choking, poisoning, and wounds. These injuries can be experienced inside
our homes and during outdoor activities.

First Aid for Common Unintentional Injuries

A. Burn – It is caused by close exposure to high temperatures, chemical reactions or electric
current and vary in classification according to the depth caused by the burn.
Classification
 a. First Degree Burn- it involves top layer of the skin (epidermis). There is reddening of the
skin, pain, swelling and a dry, peeling skin as the burn heals. It heals usually 7 to 10 days.
b. Second Degree Burn – it a more serious injury since it involves both the epidermis and
the dermis. It causes the skin to have blister and become extremely red and sore. It heals
within 2 to 3 weeks.
c. Third Degree Burn – it extends through all dermal layers that may involves fats,
muscle, bones and organs. There may be no sensation of pain because of nerve damage.
No set timeline for the complete healing of burn.

First Aid Management for Minor Burn

Quickly cool the burn with running water to reduce pain, swelling and depth of injury.
Continue cooling until pain is relieved
Do not apply ice
Avoid breaking blisters
Cover with a loose dressing or sterile pad

First Aid Management for Critical Burn

Call immediate medical assistance (911) ✓ Move the person from the source
of burn.
Expose affected area by cutting away clothing. If burn is stuck to the clothing,
do not remove.
Separate burn fingers or toes with dry and sterile clothed or dressings.
Do not apply ointment, lotion or antiseptic.
Avoid immersing the person or burned body parts in water to avoid
Hypothermia (severe loss of body heat).
If possible, elevate the burned area above their heart.

First Aid Management for Chemical Burn

Chemical burn can damage skin tissue on contact. The immediate care is to:
Remove any contaminated clothing. Brush off any dry powder with a gloved
hand or cloth.
Put the affected area to continuous water unless the chemical is known to
react with water.
Continue until the burning sensation stops.
Cover with a loose dressing or sterile pad and seek medical attention.
First Aid Management for Electrical Burn
Electrical burn is caused by contact with electrical wires, current or lighting.
Turn the power off before touching the affected person ✓ Immediately seek
medical attention.
Apply dry and clean dressings to burn sites.
C. Muscle and Bone Injuries
The sign of muscle and bone injuries consist of having pain, swelling, bruising, numbness, grating
sounds, deformed appearance.

First Aid Management for Strain and Sprain

Strain refers to damage to or tearing of a muscle while Sprain is the tearing of ligaments or a joint
capsule.
R – Rest the injured part
I – Icing or putting ice compress on the injured part reduced swelling and
relieve pain for 10 minutes.
C – Compress or putting heat on the injured part for ten minutes will allows an
influx of blood that will promote quicker healing.
E – Elevate the injured part to reduce the blood flow, avoid pain and
inflammation.
S – Support or Splint if needed
Splint is a device used to immobilized an injured limb in order to decrease pain and prevent
further injury.

First Aid Management for Fractures

Fractures are breaks in bones.
Rest the injured part
Do not move the injured part by putting splint
Stop bleeding if there is any
Seek medical assistance
First Aid Management for Dislocation
Dislocations is a displacement of a bone from its normal joint position.
Call immediate medical assistance
Splint the affected part to avoid movement
Apply ice compress
 D. Poisoning
It is any substance solid, liquid or gas that tend to impair health or cause death. Poisoning can
occur through ingestion (mouth) inhalation (breathing), injection (animal bites, stings and
syringes), and absorption (skin contact).
1. Ingested poison is one that introduces into the digestive tract. One form of
ingestion poisoning is food poisoning.
Signs and symptoms
• Abdominal pain. Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea
• Altered mental status
• Odd breath odors or burns around the mouth
First Aid Management for Ingested (Food Poisoning)
Call immediate medical assistance (911)
Place the victim on his or her left side
Save vomit or empty bottle of suspected poison
2. Inhaled Poison is a poisoned breathed into the
lungs Signs and symptoms
• Headache
• Nausea
• Dizziness
• Difficulty of breathing
• Altered mental status

First Aid Management for Inhaled (Gas Poisoning)

Remove the victim from the toxic environment and take fresh air
Check patient is beathing
Seek medical attention
3. Absorbed Poison is a poisoned that enters the body through the
skin. Signs and symptoms
• Presence of liquid or powder on the skin
• Burns
• Itchiness and irritation
• Redness, Rash and blisters
First Aid Management for Absorbed Poison
Remove the clothing
Using a dry clothed, Blot the poison from the skin. If the poison is a dry
powder, brush it off
Put the affected area to continuous water ✓ Monitors patient vital signs.

4. Injected Poison is a poisoned that enters the body a bite, sting or

syringe. Signs and symptoms
• Bite marks
• Redness and itchiness
• Pain and swelling
• Dizziness
• Possible bleeding
• Possible allergic reaction
• Possible altered mental status
First Aid Management for Stings
Ensure adequate breathing
Remove stinger opposite its orientation
Wash and cover the wound
Apply cold pack
Watch for possible allergic reaction
First Aid Management for Snake Bites ✓ Locate fang marks.
Clean the wound
Remove jewelry and other constricting item
Keep the bitten part still and lower than the
heart Call immediate medical assistance (911)
If possible, identify the kind of snake since there are different anti venom for
different types of snakes.

5. Bleeding is a cut on the skin and occurs when tissues are damaged and will
cause the reduce of oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. Uncontrolled bleeding is a life-
threatening injury.
 First Aid Management for Bleeding
Put on gloves
Apply direct pressure using your hand
Elevate affected area
Apply pressure using bandage to stop bleeding
If bleeding does not stop then apply TOURNIQUET
Bandaging to help stop bleeding

A tourniquet is a device that is used to

apply pressure to a limb or extremity in order to
limit – but not stop

 Dressing is a sterile cloth used to cover

Direct pressure using finger or hand
the wound while Bandage is a piece of cloth used
to hold the dressing, splints or even hold the
 injured part of the body.

– the flow of
blood.

Dressing Bandage

What I Can Do
Activity 1: Application. Rank (1 to 4) the steps to be done in order to assured proper
application of first aid to injuries.

Case 1. A woman slips on a spilled drink while walking at the park and has a possible injury
of strain.
Splint
Hot Compress
Elevate
Ice Compress
Rest the injured part

Case 2. A friend of yours accidentally breaks his arm and bleeds during a basketball game
in your barangay.
Splint
Seek medical assistance
Stop Bleeding
Rest the injured part
 Case 3. An 18-year-old male student complains of nausea, vomiting after eating a leftover
food and milk in their house.
Place the student on his or her left side
Save vomit on empty bottle
Seek medical assistance

Case 4. A lady accidentally was bitten by a snake on her left arm.

Locate the fang marks and clean the wounds
Put left arm lower than the heart
Seek immediate medical assistance
Remove jewelry

Activity 2
Directions: Follow the instructions provided below.

 Make TWO step-by-step procedure through drawings on how to properly

perform first aid of any injuries presented in this module.
 Label and creatively organize each drawing.

Post Assessment
Directions: Read the questions carefully and write the letter of your answer on the answer sheet.

1. How will you transport a person who met an accident and injured his back?
A. I will perform blanket drag to keep him lying while transporting to clear area.
B. I will ask other people to help me and apply three-man carry.
C. I will perform shoulder drag to keep his back from further pain.
D. I will call for emergency help and wait for them to arrive.
2. In what way can you help a person who suffered from fall and unconscious?
A. Perform primary survey.
B. Immediately apply CPR.
C. Shake her shoulders and talk loudly to wake her.
D. Call emergency help immediately.
3. Which of the following can you apply when a person is mild choking?
A. Stand behind the person and perform 5 back blows and 5 thrust.
B. Let him cough continuously and attempt to clear blocking.
C. Tap his/her back and let him/her spit the obstruction.
D. Let him drink water to drain the blocking.
4. What will you do to help a person in severe choking?
A. Stand behind the person and perform 5 back blows and 5 thrust.
B. Let him cough continuously and attempt to clear blocking.
C. Tap his/her back and let him/her spit the obstruction.
D. Let him drink water to drain the blocking.
5. On the different techniques to transport a victim, what will you do to carry an injured
person who is at the second floor of the house?
A. I will use pack-strap carry.
B. I will ask someone to help me do chair carry.
C. I will ask someone to perform two-handed seat.
D. I will apply blanket drag and one-man lift.
 6. Which of the following should not be done when transporting a victim?
A. When lifting a casualty wait for the command of the person at the head.
B. If the casualty is conscious, continuously perform CPR.
C. If the person has injured spine, do not move the victim,wait for the ambulance to arrive.
D. When carrying a child, you may use one-man lift.
7. Is it right to carry a person heavier than you?
A. Yes, especially if it is really needed.
B. Yes. I will rest if I am tired.
C. No. It might cause further damage to the casualty.
D. No. I might be hurt if I will carry the victim.
8. Which of the following unintentional injuries will you apply Heimlich maneuver?
A. drowning B. mild choking C. severe choking D. fall
9. How many compressions will you give to drown victim?
A. 50 B. 60 C. 30 D. 40
10. How many back blows and thrust will you give to choking casualty?
A. 5 and 6 B. both 5 C. 7 and 8 D. 3 and 4
11. According to WHO, what is the second main reason of the great number of
unintentional injuries every year?
A. vehicular accident B. drown C. gunshots D. fall
12. Which of the following will you do when performing three-man carry?
A. Grab your wrist and the other wrist of the second rescuer and help the victim sit.
B. Roll the victim against your chests.
C. Interlock your arms with the other rescuer so that it goes behind the person’s legs
and across their back.
D. Second rescuer faces back to the chair. Squat and hold the front legs of the chair.
13. Which of the following transport and carry technique requires a sturdy body and
preferably for carrying victim to longer distances?
A. One-person carry C. Fireman’s carry
B. Pack-strap carry D. two-handed seat
14. Which among the drag methods is the quickest way to transport a victim but in a
short distance over a smooth surface?
A. blanket drag C. ankle drag
B. shoulder drag D. chair drag
15. What carrying technique can be used when fireman’s carry is not suitable for the
victim due to injury?
A. One-person carry C. Fireman’s carry
B. Pack-strap carry D. two-handed seat
16. It is a way of taking the pulse by placing fingertips gently at the wrist part of
the victim.
A. carotid pulse C. radial pulse
B. femoral pulse D. temporal
17. Which of the following signs and symptoms shows a third-degree burn?
A. no sensation of pain C. reddening of the skin
B. Swelling of dermis D involves epidermis
18. It is a type of unintentional injuries caused by chemical reactions or
electric current.
A. burn C. sprain
B. poison D. strain
 19 . It is a material used to immobilized an injured part.
A. dressing C. tourniquet
B. bandage D. splint
20. It is the first thing to do in assessing an emergency situation.
A. call for help or ask somebody to call 911
B. do a Head Toe Examination
C. survey if the scene is safe
D. check injured persons consciousness
21. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a good first aider?
A. alarming C. gentle
B. cheerful D. tactful
22. A motor accident happens outside your home, since you as a student
have seen the accident, what will be your immediate action to help the injured
person?
A. Call the police or 911 C. Ask the person if he is alright
B. Call your parent at work D. Approached the area
23. It is used to stop bleeding and provide support for immobilization.
A. bandage C. dressing
B. cold compress D. splint
24. It is a device that is used to apply pressure to limb or extremity if bleeding
does not stop.
A. bandage C. splint
B. dressing D. tourniquet
25. Which of the following does not belong to the group?
A. burn C. fracture
B. dislocation D. sprain
26. Which of the following poison does not belong to the group?
A. food poisoning C. snake bites
B. gas poisoning D. strain
27. It is a classification of burn that involves both the dermis and epidermis
and causes skin to blister.
A. first degree burn C. third degree burn
B. second degree burn D. fourth degree burn
28. In conducting primary survey as physical assessment before giving first
aid, a first aider should always check
A. Airway C. Circulation
B. Breathing D. All of the above
29. Which of the following injury is a life-threatening case?
A. Profuse bleeding C. food poisoning
B. Third degree burn D. shock
30. In most muscle and bone injuries, which should be done immediately after
an injury occur?
A. ice compress C. rest the injured part
B. elevate the injured part D. splint the injured part