Fa and BLS

“To help without asking whom?
-Henri Dunant
6.9 BASIC FIRST AID, WOUND MANAGEMENT,

VICTIM TRANSFER, BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (CPR)
Essential Questions:
1. Why should we learn first aid?
2. Why should we learn CPR?
Intended Learning Outcomes:
1. Explain the basic First Aid and Life saving techniques.
2. Identify first aid techniques appropriate for certain life-
threatening situations
3. Demonstrate the different first aid treatment for life-threatening
situations
Revised edition 2020

TASK NO. 1. ENGAGE
Analyze the Scenario. Imagine yourself living near the dumpsite and playing with your friend
without wearing slippers suddenly your friend step on a broken glass resulting to a half inch of
laceration on your friends left foot what will you do?
Choose to the following answers and explain why?
Choice # 1. I will use the dirty cloth I have to cover the wound of my friend
Choice# 2. I will call a Doctor to examine my friend
Choice# 3. I will transfer my friend to the nearest hospital
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TASK NO. 2. EXPLAIN
WHAT IS FIRST AID?

It is an urgent care given to an injured or unexpectedly ill person that includes home care and self-
care if there is no medical assistance available or delayed. Bystander or even a victim (with minimal
or no medical equipment) can perform Assessments and Interventions.
What are the roles and responsibilities of a First Aider?

1. A first aider should not perform the task of the physician nor compete.
2. The task of the first aider ends when the physician is present.
3. Must guarantee the safety if the bystanders and him/herself.
4. Must gain access to the victim.
5. Must identify any threats to the victim’s life.
6. Call for medical assistance as needed.
7. Supply needed care
8. Provide assistance for advance personnel.
9. Record the situation: care given, finding etc.
What are the objectives of a First Aider?

1. To ease pain
2. To prevent further harm or danger
3. To extend life
A good First Aider must observed the following characteristics:

1. Gentle - must not promote harm.
2. Resourceful - should maximize the use of materials at hand and must know how to improvise.
3. Observant - should know how to assess the situation and the victim properly
4. Tactful - should not cause the victim to panic.
5. Empathetic - should be consoling.
6. Respectable - should exhibit professionalism.
Hindrances in Providing First Aid

1. Surroundings is unfavorable/unsafe for the injured person and first aider.
2. Crowd: by stander is giving misleading information and disordered
3. Victim or Relatives: inducing panic and pressure on part of the first aider
Note: Safety Percentage for First Aider is (80%) and for the Victim is (20%)

What is an Emergency?
It is a sudden onset of medical or surgical severity that, in the absence of immediate medical attention,
could reasonably be expected to result in serious danger to health or impairment of bodily functions.
When to do call first and care first?

Call first - is seeking advance medical attention by calling to the nearest hospital or advance medical
provider like ambulance operator.
Care first - is providing first aid before seeking advance medical attention.
• Call first if the injured person is and adult and,
• Care first if the injured is a child or infant.
Emergency Action Principles

1. Survey the Scene – by observed the following:
a. Is the scene safe?
b. What happened?
c. How many are injured?
d. Are there bystanders who can help?
e. Get consent to give care by introducing yourself.
“I’m (name of the first aider) trained first aider, I have my PPE’s (Personal Protective
Equipment) on, may I help you?”
f. Check responsiveness/consciousness using primary assessment:

• Alertness – give simple instruction to the injured person and checked if he/she
can follow. (ex. raising his hand)
• Verbal response – ask simple question to the injured person. (ex. What is his/her
name)
• Pain stimuli – induce mild pain (through trapezius squeeze, sternal rub) to
the patient so that you can identify if he/she is still conscious. (Do not do sternal
rub if the person has history or suffering a heart problem).
• Unresponsiveness –tap the shoulder of the injured person three times and ask if
the person is ok?
Ex. “Hey, hey, hey are you ok?” Simultaneously tapping the shoulder.
2. Activate Medical Assistance.

2.2 How to activate medical assistance?
Ask the by-stander to call for advance medical assistance
“Sir/Ma’am (identify the person thru the: attire, accessories or anything distinct to the person),
please call ambulance/advance medical personnel, and come back to me ASAP”
Note:
• Do not use a finger to pin point a by-stander instead use your hand.

• Use modulated voice in giving instruction.
2.3 If you were the by-stander that is requested to call on the advance medical
assistance, take note of the following:
2.3.1 What happened – identify the cause of accident like if it is a car coalition,
fire etc. so that the advance personnel can prepare the proper equipment
needed.
2.3.2 Location – give the exact location or land mark of the incident.
2.3.3 Number of persons injured – to identify how many ambulance/transport
vehicles is needed.
2.3.4 Extend of injury and first aid given – to prepare the kit needed for specific
injury and also to avoid double handling on the injured person.
2.3.5 Telephone number from where are you calling – so that if there is any
further inquiry about the incident the advance personnel know to whom
they will return call.
2.3.6 The person who activate medical assistance must identify him/herself and
drop the phone last – this is to conclude that there is no other queries
about the incident.
3. Secondary assessment
Commonly does if the person is regain his/her consciousness.
a. Interview the person
i. Name
ii. What happened
iii. Use SAMPLE approach:
1. Signs and symptoms
2. Allergies
3. Medication taken
4. Past/present medical illness
5. Last oral intake
6. Event prior to incident
b. Check the vital signs
i. Determine radial or carotid pulse – normal resting heart rate for adult
ranges from 60 to 100 beat per minute.
ii. Determine breathing – normal respiration for adult at rest range from 12 to
16 breath per minute.
iii. Determined skin appearance thru: person’s face, lips, skin appearance,
temperature, moisture and skin color.
c. Do head to toe examination looking for DOTS
i. Deformity
ii. Open wound
iii. Tenderness
iv. Swelling

WOUND AND BURN MANAGEMENT
Before we identify the different methods and techniques on wound and burn management, first we
must recognize what is wound and burn, its types and classifications.
What is wound?
is an injury to the body (as from violence, accident, or surgery) that typically involves laceration or
breaking of membrane (as the skin) and usually damage to underlying tissues.
Types of Wound
1. Closed wound – wound where the outer layer of the skin in intact (epidermis) and the damage
lies below surface.
a. Bruises - an injury appearing as an area of discolored skin on the body, caused by a
blow or impact rupturing underlying blood vessels.
b. Swelling - is an increase in the size or a change in the shape of an area of the
body. Swelling can be caused by collection of body fluid, tissue growth, or abnormal
movement or position of tissue.
c. Strain - a force tending to pull or stretch of muscles.
d. Sprain - wrench or twist the ligaments of (an ankle, wrist, or other joint) violently so
as to cause pain and swelling but not dislocation.
e. Dislocation - joint injuries that force the ends of your bones out of position.
f. Closed fracture - bone doesn’t pokes through the skin and cannot be seen.
Management for minor closed wound

• Rest – let the injured part rest to reduce inducing of additional pain.
• Immobilize –prevent further normal movement to the injured area.
• Cold compress – apply ice pack to the injured or swollen area to reduce the swelling.
• Elevate – raise the injured part 8 – 12 inches or at least above the heart.
Signs of internal bleeding or severe internal bleeding

• Bruises or contusions of the skin.
• Painful, tender, rigid, bruised abdomen.
• Vomiting or coughing up blood.
• Stools that are black or contain bright red blood.
Management for major closed wound or severe internal bleeding

• Monitor ABC’s (Airway, Breathing and Circulation)
• Keep the victim lying on his/her left side. (This will help prevent expulsion of vomit from
stomach, or allow the vomit to drain and also prevent the victim from inhaling vomit).
• Treat for shock by raising the victim’s legs 8 – 12 inches or above the heart.
• Seek immediate medical attention.

2. Open wound - an injury involving an external or internal break in body tissue, usually involving the
skin.
• Puncture - a hole or wound cause by a sharp pointed object.
• Abrasion - an injury caused by something that rubs or scrapes againt the skin.
• Laceration - a deep cut or tear of the flesh.
• Avulsion - is an injury in which a body structure is torn off by either trauma or surgery.
• Amputation –acquired condition that results in the loss of a limb, usually from injury, disease,
or surgery.
Management for Open wound

• Control the bleeding – adding direct pressure to the wound to stop the bleeding.
• Clean and cover- clean the injured part using sterile cloth or cotton and cover the wound
using sterile cloth or gauze pad.
• Care for shock – give additional care to relax person.
• Call a physician or to the nearest hospital – always seek advance medical attention.
What is burn?
A type of injury to the skin, or other tissues, caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction, or
radiation.
Types of burn:
• First degree burn (surperficial) – Only the skin’s outer layer is damage. Symptoms include
redness, mild swelling, tenderness, and pain.Usually heals without scrarring.
What to do:
o Immerse in cold water 10 – 45mins. or use cold wet cloths to stop burn progression
o May use other liquids or burn oinment
• Second-degree burn (Partial Thickness) - Epidermis and upper regions of dermis are
damaged. Symptoms include blisters, swelling, weeping of fluids, and severe pain.
What to Do:
o Immerse in cold water / wet pack
o Advise to take pain reliever when experiencing severe pain
o May use other liquids or burn oinment
o Do not break blisters
o May seek medical attention
• Third-degree burn (Full Thickness) • Severe burns that penetrate all the skin layers, into the
underlying fat and muscle. Symptoms include: the burned area appears gray-white, cherry
red, or black; there is no initial edema or pain (since nerve endings are destroyed)

What to Do:
o Usually not necessary to apply cold to areas of third degree
o Do not apply ointments
o Apply sterile, non-stick dressings (do not use plastic)
o Check ABC’s
o Must seek medical attention
Classification of Burn
A. Thermal (heat) burns caused by:
• Flames
• Hot objects
• Flammable vapor that ignites
• Steam or hot liquid
What to Do:
• Stop the burning
o Remove victim from burn source
o If open flame, smother with blanket, coat or similar item, or have the victim roll on
ground.
• Determine the depth (degree) of the burn
B. Chemical burn
The result of a caustic or corrosive substance touching the skin caused by:
• Acids (batteries)
• Alkalis (drain cleaners- often more extensive)
• Organic compounds (oil products)
What to Do:
• Remove the chemical by flushing the area with water
o Brush dry powder chemicals from the skin before flushing
o Take precautions to protect yourself from exposure to the chemical
• Remove the victim’s contaminated clothing and jewelry while flushing with water
• Cover the burned area with a dry, sterile dressing
• Seek medical attention
C. Electrical Burns
A mild electrical shock can cause serious internal injuries. True Electrical Injury (contact)
occurs when an electric current truly passes through the body.
What to Do:
• Make sure the scene is safe
o Unplug, disconnect, or turn off the power.
o If that is impossible, call the Power Company or EMS for help.
ü Do not contact high voltage wires
ü Consider all wires live

ü Do not handle downed lines
ü Do not come in contact with person if the electrical source is live.
• Check ABCs. (Airway Breathing Circulation)
• If the victim fell, check for a spinal injury
• Treat the victim for shock by elevating the legs 8 – 12 inches or above the heart
• Seek medical attention immediately
BANDAGING TECHNIQUE
TYPES OF BANDAGES:
1. Triangular Bandage - can be used as an arm sling or as a pad to control Bleeding or for
Burns. It may also be used to support or immobilize an injury to a bone
or joint or as improvised padding over a painful injury.
2. Elastic Bandage – is commonly used to treat muscle sprains and strains by reducing the flow
of blood to a particular area by the application of even stable pressure
which can restrict swelling at the place of injury, it’s also used when
there is an amputation.
3. Gauze Bandage –is commonly used as a dressing to cover and protect an injured part of the
body to make sure it is safe from any infection.
TRIANGULAR BANDAGE
I. PARTS OF TRIANGULAR BANDAGE:
APEX
BODY
SIDE
TAIL
BASE

II. PROPER FOLDING OF A TRIANGULAR BANDAGE:
1. OPEN PHASE
2. BROAD CRAVAT
B. Fold the Bandage by Clapping while holding

A. Hold the Middle of the Base and the Apex.
the Apex and the Base.
C. Reach for the Body of the Bandage using your D. Pull the Body of the Bandage
hand that is holding the Apex. outside to make a Broad Cravat.
Body
TO SEE THE ACTUAL

PROPER FOLDING OF
A TRIANGULAR
BANDAGE, JUST VISIT
PLV-NSTP YOUTUBE
CHANNEL:
https://www.youtube.com
/samplevideo

3. SEMI-BROAD CRAVAT
B.. While
A Fold the
in Broad
Bandage
Cravatby
Just
Clapping
Repeat the
while
Process. B. Fold the Bandage by Clapping while
holding
Hold the Apex
the Apex
and the
andOpposite
the Opposite
End. End. holding the Apex and the Opposite End.
C. Reach for the Body of the Bandage using D. Pull the Body of the Bandage outside to
your hand that you first used in doing this make a Semi-Broad Cravat.
Process.
TO SEE THE ACTUAL

PROPER FOLDING OF
A TRIANGULAR
o dy BANDAGE, JUST VISIT

B PLV-NSTP YOUTUBE
CHANNEL:
/samplevideo
NOTE: When doing the 3rd Step make sure to be consistent in which hand you are using to reach for the
Body of the Bandage and make sure to use the hand that is holding the Apex, (Example: You used your
right hand in the 3rd step in making a Broad Cravat since it is also the hand holding the Apex, In doing
Semi-broad and Narrow you also need to use the same hand) This is a crucial part since this will determine
whether you will a make a proper fold. Revised edition 2020
4. NARROW CRAVAT
A. While in Semi-Broad Cravat Just Repeat the Process. B. Fold the Bandage by Clapping while
Hold the Apex and the Opposite End. holding the Apex and the Opposite End.
C. Reach and Pull the Body of the Bandage or just simply make a
twist using your hand to make a Narrow Cravat.
ist
Tw
TO SEE THE ACTUAL

PROPER FOLDING OF
A TRIANGULAR
BANDAGE, JUST VISIT
PLV-NSTP YOUTUBE
CHANNEL:
/samplevideo

To put it back into Open Phase from a Narrow, Semi-Broad, and Broad Cravat, Hold the Apex and the
Base and then Pull it in Opposite Direction.
Apex
Base
STEP 1: Hold the Apex and the Base. STEP 2: Pull it in Opposite Direction.
TO SEE THE ACTUAL PROPER FOLDING OF A TRIANGULAR BANDAGE, JUST VISIT PLV-
NSTP YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/samplevideo

If you see the Sides of the Triangular Bandage then it is an improper fold, this can be applied when
doing a Semi-Broad Cravat and Narrow Cravat.
Sides
can be No Sides
seen can be
seen
III. SQUARE KNOT
Square Knot - A type of knot that is commonly used in Bandaging, one of the most important part in Bandaging, its
used to secure the Bandage around an object or to a part of a human body. Square knot is formed by tying a left-
handed overhand knot and then a right-handed overhand knot, or vice versa. The knot is formed by tying a left-
IV.overhand
handed TRIANGULAR BANDAGING
knot and TECHNIQUES
then a right-handed overhand knot, or Vice Versa or Simply the Right Tail of the Bandage
over the Left Tail and the Left Tail over the Right Tail or Vice Versa.

IV. TRIANGULAR BANDAGING TECHNIQUES
Wound in the Head:
A. Bandage (Open Phase)

B. Place the body of the bandage on top of the head, Where the Base of
the Bandage is in front of the Patients Face and the Apex behind the
head.
C. Fold the base until it is above the patient’s eyebrows
D. Get the sides and the tails and roll it, make a crisscross behind the
patient’s head.
E. Make a Square knot in the patient’s forehead then hide the tails
F. Hold the crisscrossed part of the bandage behind the patient’s head
and then pull the Apex downward.
G. Roll the Apex upward and Hide it.
TO SEE THE ACTUAL BANDAGING TECHNIQUES, JUST VISIT PLV-NSTP YOUTUBE CHANNEL:
https://www.youtube.com/samplevideo
NOTE: Apply Dressing first before using a triangular bandage on the Burnt Part (Common dressings for burns are,
Parchment Paper, Wax Paper, etc.).
BURN ON THE FACE AND THE BACK OF THE HEAD:

( Same Process is applied for the Burn in the back of the head)
B. Tell the patient to put his pointing, middle, and ring Finger in his/her
chin below his/her lips.
C. Tie the Apex then place it on top of the patient’s head, and the body of the bandage is in front of the
patient’s face
D. Fold the base of the bandage until it reaches the patient’s ring finger
and above the patient’s pinky finger.
E. Get the tails and do a crisscross on the patient’s nape. bring the tails in
front of the patient’s face and hide it.
F. Twist the Apex to tighten the bandaging and then Hide it.
Ask the patient to remove his/her fingers in his/her chin.
NOTE: (While twisting the Apex ask the patient if he/she can still breathe if he started to feel that it
is getting hard to breathe then loosen up the twist of the Apex).

WOUND ON EAR, CHEEK, AND JAW:
Ear:
A. Bandage (Narrow Cravat)
B. Place the apex in the injured Ear
C. Get the tails and do a crisscross on the temple on the other side of the
patient’s face
D. bring the tails back on the injured side. The other tail goes through the
patient’s forehead and the other goes through the back of the Patient’s
head.
E. Then do a square knot on the patient’s temple on the injured side of the
face).
NOTE: The process of bandaging a wound on the Ear, Cheek, and Jaw are almost just the same, the only
different thing is the first step, where you need to put the Apex on the wounded part.
WOUND ON FORE HEAD:

B. Place the Bandage with the Apex on the patients Forehead
(wounded part)
C. Roll the side part of the bandage to the back of the head
D. Get the tails and do a crisscross
E. Roll the bandage, back to the forehead
F. Make a Square knot on the location of Apex and hide the tails
EYE INJURY:
I. Wounded eye
B. Cover the both eyes’ but put the Apex on the injured side
C. Roll the side part of the bandage to the back of the head
D. Get the tails and do a crisscross
E. Roll the bandage back to the eyes
F. Make a Square knot on the temple part near to the injured eye.
TO SEE THE ACTUAL BANDAGING TECHNIQUES, JUST VISIT PLV-

NSTP YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/samplevideo

II. Punctured eye
B. Make a Donut-bandage
a. Place the Bandage on the forearm
b. Reach the two-side part of the bandage using the same
hand where the bandage located
c. Pull the side part to make a hole
d. Lock the hole by crossing the tails in separate ways
e. Hide the tails.
C. Put the Alternative Cup to the Punctured eye, to hold the stick
on it.
D. Put the Donut-bandage, to hold the cup
E. Get another Bandage (Narrow Cravat)
F. Cross it to the Donut-Bandage
G. Roll the bandage to the back of the head
H. Make a Crisscross
I. Roll the bandage back to the eye
J. Make a Square knot to the temple near the punctured eye
Arm sling:
B. Tie the Apex then hold it and then get the other tail.
C. Slowly Slide the Apex and the tail into the patient’s forearm (Apex
placed on the elbow and the tail on the shoulder).
D. Tell the patient to pin the tail with his injured hand so it will not fall.
E. Fold the base at least 3-4 times, then get the tail and put it in the
shoulder of the injured arm/forearm.
F. Fold the side part of the bandage and then make a square knot and
then hide the tails.
Underarm Sling:

B. Tie the Apex then hold it and then get the other tail
C. Slowly Slide the Apex and the tail into the patients’ forearm (Apex placed
on the elbow and the tail on the shoulder)
D. Tell the patient to pin the tail with his injured hand so it doesn’t fall
E. Fold the base and then roll the side of the bandage then get the tail and
then put it in the patients underarm make a square knot and then hide the
tails Then get the tail and put it in the shoulder of the injured arm/forearm
TO SEE THE ACTUAL BANDAGING TECHNIQUES, JUST VISIT PLV-NSTP YOUTUBE

CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/samplevideo

NOTE: It is important that when you do an Arm Sling the half of the patient’s hands is visible and his/her
wrist is accessible, in order to check the P.M.S or the Pulse, Motor, and Sensory.
To Check for Pulse – Use your Pointing and Middle Finger to feel if there’s still a pulse
To Check for Motor – Simply ask the injured person if he/she can move his hand, foot, or
fingers.
To Check for Sensory – Pinch or tap the hand or foot of the injured person
Burn on the Chest and the Back of the Chest:

(Same Process is applied for the Burn in the back of the head)
A, Bandage (Narrow Cravat)
B. Place the Bandage with the Apex on the patients Shoulder (Doesn’t
Matter If left shoulder or right shoulder as long as it covers the burnt part)
C. Roll the Base of the Bandage upward until it is in the waist part of the
patient
Note: When the burn is below of the patient’s waist make sure to roll the
bandage until before the burnt part
D. Grab both Tails and make a Square Knot at the back of the patient
E. Grab the Longer tail and the Apex and then make a Square knot and
then hide the tails.
Laceration (Horizontal): (Back of the elbow)
B. Tell the patient to put his arms in this position
C. Place the Apex of the bandage on the patients elbow then get its tails
then do a crisscross twice
D. Do another crisscross but this time the tails will be going through the
patient’s wrist and arm
E. Do a crisscross once
F. Do another crisscross for the last time that the tails will be going
through the patient’s wrist and arm
G. Do a square knot then hide the tails
NOTE: It is important that when you do an Arm Sling the half of the patient’s hands is visible and
his/her wrist is accessible, in order to check the P.M.S or Pulse, Motor, and Sensory.

Laceration (Vertical): (Back of the elbow, Forearm, Arm, Thighs, Legs)
A. Apply a Gauze Pad with betadine

B. Apply a Bandage (Narrow Cravat)
C. Place the Apex on the Injured part vertically
D. Get one of the tails and fold it facing to the right and the other tail
facing to the left
E. Roll both tails and then hide it
F. Apply another Bandage (Narrow Cravat)
G. Place the Apex on the Injured part Horizontally and then roll it
opposite ways after that make a square knot and hide both tails
Laceration on the Palm (Vertical):

B. Place the Bandage hanging (Slanted) with the Apex on the patients injured
palm
C. Identify the Inner and Outer Side below of the Bandage
D. Wrap the Outer Side of the Bandage below the Palm and into the upper part
of the Wrist
E. Wrap the Inner Side of the bandage below the palm and into the upper part
of the Palm between the Thumb and Index Finger
F. Continue the process of the Wrapping Pattern until both sides and tails of
the bandage is short enough to still make a Square Knot at the Palm (At the
top of the wounded part)
NOTE: The Inner Side of the Bandage should be under the Outer Side when the Outer Side is
Wrapped below the palm. To identify if you are doing the right process, you should see a V shaped
formation of the sides of the bandage in the patient’s palm


Laceration on the Palm (Horizontal):
B. Tell patient to make a close fist and a thumbs up on his wounded
hand
C. Place the Bandage hanging (Slanted) with the Apex on the patient’s
wrist
D. Identify the Inner and Outer Side below of the Bandage
E. Wrap the Outer Side of the Bandage into the fist and then hang it
above the wrist
F. Wrap the Inner Side of the Bandage below the palm and into the
upper part of the Palm
G. Continue the process of the Wrapping Pattern until both sides and tails of the bandage is short
enough to still make a Square Knot at the Palm (At the top of the wounded part
NOTE: Make sure to Cover all the fingers when doing this bandaging technique
Burn in Hand:
A. Apply a Bandage (Open Phase)
B. Place the Base of the Bandage on your hand and then Place the Apex
on your shoulder
C. Tell the Patient to make a Working Hand Position
D. With the Base of the Bandage on your hand hold the Patients wrist
then carefully place the Apex on the top of the patient’s wrist
E. Grab the Sides of the Triangular Bandage and roll it towards the wrist
F. Pin both sides and then roll it in opposite direction and then make a
Square Knot and then hide the tails
G. Hold the Knotted part of the bandage and then carefully pull the apex, after that, roll it towards the
wrist and then Hide it.
NOTE: If the burn is in the right hand of the Patient, the Bandage should be placed on your Left Hand when
facing the Patient. After you are done with the whole process make sure to that the bandage is not too tight

Wound on Shoulder:
B. Put the Apex on the underarm of the injured part
C. Roll the Bandage to the wounded Shoulder
D. Make a Crisscross
E. Roll the Bandage to the underarm on the opposite side.
F. Make a Square knot and hide the tails
Wound on Pelvic area:

B. Put the Apex on the inner thigh near the Wounded Pelvic
C. Roll the Bandage to the Wounded Pelvic
D. Make a Crisscross
E. Roll the Bandage to the opposite side
F. Make a Square knot and hide the tails
ELASTIC BANDAGE
Proper way in applying elastic bandage

It is necessary to transfer the roll from one hand to the other
1. The roll should be held in the right hand so that the loose end is on the bottom
2. The outside surface of the loose end is next applied to the part and held there with the left
hand
3. The roll is the passed around the part by the right hand for the control of tension and the
direction of the bandage
4. Two or three of the initial turns of a roller bandage should overlie each other to secure it.
Key points
a. anchoring the bandage
it is done by laying bandage end
obliquely across top of wrist and then bring under
wrist and back to starting point, then fold the
uncover triangle and cover by third turn
completing the anchor.

b. Fastening the bandage
Bandage are terminated by applying several overlying circular turns and
fastening the end security. The ends of it may be tied, pinned, or fastening
the end with adhesive tape.
I. TYPES OF ELASTIC BANDAGING
1. Circular bandage
Used to cover cylindrical parts
2. Spiral bandage
Used to cover a cylindrical part, but cover a
larger area compared to circular bandage
3. Oblique bandage
Used for retention of thick dressing or temporary dressings which
require frequent changes
II. ELASTIC BANDAGE TECHNIQUES

1. Figure-of-eight of hand
a. Anchor bandage on hand with circular turns

near ends finger.
b. Carry obliquely across back of hand to
thumb, Bring under thumb and across palm
to back of hand
TO SEE THE ACTUAL ELASTIC BANDAGING TECHNIQUES, JUST VISIT PLV-NSTP YOUTUBE
c. Carry obliquely across back of hand to bottom of primary turn and across palm, follow with
several similar turns, overlying with each other
d. After sufficient turns, terminate with circular turns around wrist and secure
2. Recurrent on hand
a. Anchor at wrist, then fold bandage back, and bring over back of
hand to tip of amputated area
b. Continue covering the amputated area to wrist, repeating

procedure four or five times, covering fully the injured area
c. Circle around folds at wrist to secure them

Terminate after efficient circular turns and secure
3. Figure-of-eight of foot
a. Anchor just above ankle, bring bandage obliquely
across instep to base of large toe, with turn around
base of toes, continue obliquely across instep to point
of beginning
b. Repeat procedure, leaving heel exposed, with turns
ascending until arch and instep are covered.
c. Terminate at starting point and secure.
TRANSFERRING, LIFTING AND MOVING

Emergency Rescue is a quick transfer of patient from unsafe to a safe place. Indication for
Emergency Rescue.
1. Danger of fire or explosion.
2. Danger of toxic gases or asphyxia due to lack of oxygen.
3. Serious traffic hazards.
4. Risk of drowning.
5. Danger of electrocution.
6. Danger of collapsing walls.
TO SEE THE ACTUAL ELASTIC BANDAGING TECHNIQUES, JUST VISIT PLV-NSTP YOUTUBE

Methods of Rescue
1. For immediate rescue without any assistance, drag or pull the victim.
2. Most of the one-man drag/carries and other transfer methods can be used as methods of
rescue.
Transfer is moving a patient from safe place to safer place.
Factors to be considered in the selection of choosing the transfer method.
1. Nature and severity of the injury.

2. Size of the victim.
3. Physical capabilities of the first aider.
4. Number of personnel and equipment available.
5. Nature of evacuation route.
6. Distance to be covered.
7. Gender of the victims. (last consideration)
Pointers to be observed during transfer
1. Victim’s airway must be maintained open.

2. Hemorrhage is controlled.
3. Victim is safely maintained in the correct position.
4. Regular check of the victim’s condition is made.
5. Supporting bandages and dressing remain effectively applied.
6. The method of transfer is safe, comfortable and as speedy as circumstances permit.
7. The patient’s body is moved as one unit.
8. The taller first aiders stay at the head side of the victim.
9. First Aiders/bearers must observe ergonomics in lifting and moving of patient.

METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR TRANSFERRING, LIFTING AND MOVING
One-Man Carry / assist
A. Walking Assist
I. Survey the scene
II. Introduce yourself then ask permission to the patient
if the patient needs your assistance. To execute this
step, state “I’m (Name of the first aider) trained first
aider, may I help you?”
a) There are things to consider in asking
permission of the patient, check:
i. If the patient is conscious, ask the patient
directly.
ii. If the patient is unconscious and the
relatives or friends of the patient is in the
scene, ask permission to his relatives or
friends.
iii. If the patient is unconscious and the by-
standers are in the scene, ask permission
to by-standers.
iv. If the patient is unconscious and you are
the only person in the scene, still ask the
patient for permission.
NOTE: Sense of hearing fades last among the rest of
the five senses.
III. Kneel down. One of your knees should be aligned with the patient’s shoulder and
the other on his pelvis.
IV. Cross the hands of the patient above his chest.
V. Arrange the legs close to each other and lift the knee.
a. There are things to consider in lifting the knee of the patient:
i. If the patient is wearing jeans or shorts just lift the knee
using his pants or shorts.
ii. If the patient is wearing skirt, put your elbows on the
ground then slide it under her knees and lift her knees.
b. Put your elbows on the ground then slide it in his nape. Twist your
palm, lift the victim and put your leg on his back. Your legs should
be on 90o.
NOTE: Always use your palm when sliding.
TO SEE THE ACTUAL VICTIM TRANSFER TECHNIQUES, JUST VISIT PLV-NSTP YOUTUBE

VI. Check the airway
a. If there is no obstruction seen, proceed to the next step
b. If there is obstruction is seen:
i. If the obstruction is a solid:
a. Scissors
b. Forceps
c. Baby hook
ii. If the obstruction is a liquid, use a clean cloth then gently
and lightly touch the obstruction until the cloth absorbs
the liquid.
VII. Go to his back, feet on the ground in squat position. The patient’s back should
lean in your thighs.
VIII. Insert your hands in the patient’s underarm then grab the patient’s opposite
hands with your hands.
a. There are things to consider in inserting your hands:
i. If the patient is a male and the responder is also a male,
you can insert your hands below his underarm and grab
the patient’s opposite hand (this is also applicable if the
patient is a female and the responder is female).
ii. If the patient is female and the responder is a male:
a. You can grab her elbow then lift the patient
IX. Lift the patient
NOTE: Do not use your back in lift instead use your knees
X. Release one of the patient’s hand and immediately grab his belt or the waist of
his pants and go in his underarm.
NOTE: The patient’s shoulders should be relaxed which means you need to adjust on the
patient’s height.
XI. Tell the patient what foot he will step first so that you can assist him while
walking. If the patient is unconscious, you can push his foot for him to be able to
walk.
XII. Bring the patient in nearest safe place.
XIII. If you’re already in the safe place, return to his back then grab his hands and
cross it again.
XIV. Move backward. When the patient is already sitting on the floor, release the
hands of the patient and immediately move to one side at the same time hold his
shoulder that will support the patient’s head. Slowly put the patient’s head on the
floor.

B. Cradle carry – Light victims or children
I. Do the procedures from I – X of Walking Assist.
II. Put the patient on your lap. Your legs should be on
90o.
III. Tell the patient to lock his forearm that is on your
shoulder.
IV. Hold the patient’s waist.
V. Insert your hands under the patient’s knees and
clip it in his thighs.
VI. Lift the patient with the use of your knees.
VII. Bring the patient in the nearest safe place.
VIII. If you’re already in the safe place, put the patient
back to your lap and tell the patient to release his
hands from holding.
IX. Stand and go back to Walking Assist position
X. Do the procedures from XIV-XV of Walking Assist.
C. Pack-strap carry – can be used with conscious or

unconscious persons.
I. Do the procedures from a l-X of Walking Assist.

II. Go in front of the patient in squat position without
releasing his hands.
III. Tell the patient to lie in your back, then grab his opposite
arm while the other hand is for checking if there is an
obstruction on the way.
IV. Bring the patient in the nearest safe place.
V. If you’re already in the safe place, do the squat position
to put down the patient.
VI. Go back to Walking Assist position.
VII. Do the procedures from XIV-XV of Walking Assist.

D. Firefighters carry – not too heavy for the bearers
I. Do the procedures from l-X of Walking Assist.

II. Kneel in front of the patient and put the patient on your
shoulders.
III. Grab the thigh of the patient:
I. If the patient is a male, insert your hands between his
thighs, grab one of his thighs and hold one of his forearms.
II. If the patient is a female, grab her two thighs and hold one
of her forearms.
IV. Put the other hand of the patient in your pocket.
V. Lift the patient
VI. Bring the patient to the safe place
VII. If you’re already in the safe place, release the patient’s hand and
put him down from your shoulders.
VIII. Go back to Walking Assist position
IX. Do the procedures from XIV-XV of Walking Assist.
TWO-MAN ASSIST/CARRIES:
A. Walking Assist
I. Survey the scene

II. Introduce yourself and then ask permission to the
patient if the patient needs your assistance. To
execute this step, state “I’m (Name of the first aider))
trained first aider, may I help you?”
a. There are things to consider in asking
permission of the patient, check:
1. If the patient is conscious, ask the
patient directly
2. If the patient is unconscious and the
relatives or friends of the patient is in
the scene, ask permission to his
relatives or friends.
3. If the patient is unconscious and the
by-standers are in the scene, ask
permission to by-standers
4. If the patient is unconscious and you are the only person in the scene,
still ask the patient for permission.
NOTE: Sense of hearing fades last among the rest of the five senses.
III. Kneel down. One of your knees should be aligned with the patient’s shoulder and the
other on his side.
IV. Ask the patient or the by-standers what happened
V. Cross the hands of the patient above his chest.
VI. Arrange the legs close to each other and lift the knee.
a. There are things to consider in lifting the knee of the patient:
1. If the patient is wearing jeans or shorts just lift the knee using his
pants or shorts.
2. If the patient is wearing skirt, put your elbows on the ground then slide
it under her knees and lift her knees.
VII. Put your elbows on the ground then slide it in his nape. Twist your palm, lift the victim
and put your leg on his back. Your legs should be on 90o.
VIII. Check the airway
a. If there is no obstruction seen, proceed to the next step
b. If there is obstruction is seen:
1. If the obstruction is a solid:
1. Scissors
2. Forceps
3. Baby hook
2. If the obstruction is a liquid, use a clean cloth then gently and lightly
touch the obstruction until the cloth absorbs the liquid
IX. Go to his back, feet’s in the ground and squat position. The patient’s back should lean
in your thighs.
X. Insert your hands in the patient’s underarm then grab the patient’s opposite hands
with your hands.
a. There are things to consider in inserting your hands:
1. If the patient is a male and the responder is also a male, you can insert
your hands below his underarm and grab the patient’s opposite hand
(this is also applicable if the patient is a female and the responder is
female).
2. If the patient is female and the responder is a male:
1. You can grab her elbow then lift the patient
2. You can also let the patient hold one of her elbows. Lift the
patient by grabbing her elbow and her hand that holds her
another elbow.
XI. Before Lifting the patient call for help by shouting “Buddy I need help” or anything that
will notify your buddy that you need their help.
I. He/she will help you lift the patient by holding to the patient’s belt loop and if
they don’t have one the aider can hold the sides their upper clothing or their
waistband.
XII. Lift the patient
NOTE: Do not use your back in lift instead use your knees
TO SEE ACTUAL VICTIM TRANSFER TECHNIQUES, JUST VISIT PLV-NSTP YOU CHANNEL:

XIII. Release one of the patient’s hand and immediately grab his belt loop or the
waistband of his pants while on the other hand, you have to go in his underarm. The
second rescuer will do the same He/she will go under the patient’s arm hold the other
side of the patients belt loop or waistband.
NOTE: The patient’s shoulders should be relaxed which means you need to adjust on the
patient’s height.
XIV. The Team leader should tell the patient what foot he/she will step first so that
you can assist him/her while walking. If the patient is unconscious, the rescuers can
push his foot for him to be able to walk.
XV. Bring the patient in nearest safe place.
XVI. If you’re already in the safe place, the Team leader will return to the patient’s
back and then he/she will grab the patient’s hands and will cross it again.
XVII. The Team leader will move backwards and will do a squat position as gently
as possible while he/she is holding the patient. The second rescuer will then support
the Team Leader by holding to the patient’s belt loop, waistband, or the sides of their
upper clothing just like what he/she did when lifting the patient. When the patient is
already sitting on the floor, release the hands of the patient and immediately move to
one side at the same time hold his shoulder that will support the patient’s head.
XVIII. Slowly put the patient’s head on the floor.

B. Swing carry (two-handed seat)
I. From Assist to Walk Position Sit the patient by
having both rescuers sit down on either side
of the victim, where their outer legs will be
used as a support, knee on the ground, while
their inner legs will be used as the patient’s
seat.
II. Tell the patient to grab the rescuer’s

shoulders
III. Reach and hold the patient’s shoulders and

under their knees and then hold the other
rescuer’s wrists.
NOTE: There is a proper way of holding wrists.

You should grab it firmly to prevent injuries
for both parties.
IV. Lift the patient
NOTE: Using a proper lifting technique is

required, you should use the force from your
legs and not from your back.
V. Start walking and bring the patient in the

nearest safe place.
NOTE: Synchronization is needed while

walking, Team Leaders should command other
rescuers before stepping with your inner foot
or outer foot. In any case always walking
using your inner foot.
VI. If you’re already in the safe place, the Team

leader will return to the patient’s back and
then he/she will grab the patient’s hands and
will cross it again.

VII. The Team leader will move backwards and will do a squat position as
gently as possible while he/she is holding the patient. The second rescuer
will then support the Team Leader by holding to the patient’s belt loop,
waistband, or the sides of their upper clothing just like what he/she did
when lifting the patient. When the patient is already sitting on the floor,
release the hands of the patient and immediately move to one side at the
same time hold his shoulder that will support the patient’s head.
VIII. Slowly put the patient’s head on the floor.
C. Four Hand Carry
I. From Assist to Walk Position Sit the patient by having

both rescuers sit down on either side of the victim,
where their outer legs will be used as a support, knee
on the ground, while their inner legs will be used as
the patient’s seat.
II. Tell the patient to grab the rescuer’s shoulders
III. Reach and hold the co-responder both wrist under

their knees
NOTE: There is a proper way of holding wrists. You

should grab it firmly to prevent injuries for both
parties.
IV. Lift the patient
NOTE: Using a proper lifting technique is required, you

should use the force from your legs and not from your back.

V. Start walking and bring the patient in the nearest
safe place.
NOTE: Synchronization is needed while walking,

Team Leaders should command other rescuers
before stepping with your inner foot or outer foot. In
any case always walk using your inner foot first.
VI. If you’re already in the safe place, the Team leader

will return to the patient’s back and then he/she will
grab the patient’s hands and will cross it again.
VII. The Team leader will move backwards and will do a

squat position as gently as possible while he/she is
holding the patient. The second rescuer will then
support the Team Leader by holding to the patient’s
belt loop, waistband, or the sides of their upper
clothing just like what he/she did when lifting the
patient. When the patient is already sitting on the
floor, release the hands of the patient and
immediately move to one side at the same time hold his shoulder that will
support the patient’s head.
VIII. Slowly put the patient’s head on the floor.

D. Extremity carry
I. Survey the scene
II. Introduce yourself and then ask permission to the patient if

the patient needs your assistance. To execute this step,
state “I’m (YOUR NAME) trained first aider, may I help you?”
a. There are things to consider in asking permission of
the patient, check:
1. If the patient is conscious, ask the patient
directly
2. If the patient is unconscious and the relatives
or friends of the patient is in the scene, ask
permission to his relatives or friends.
3. If the patient is unconscious and the by-
standers are in the scene, ask permission to
by-standers
4. If the patient is unconscious and you are the
only person in the scene, still ask the patient
for permission.
1. Kneel down. One of your knees should be aligned with the
patient’s shoulder and the other on his side.
2. Ask the patient or the by-standers what happened
3. Cross the hands of the patient above his chest.
4. Arrange the legs close to each other and lift the knee.
b. There are things to consider in lifting the knee of the patient:

pants or shorts.
2. If the patient is wearing skirt, put your elbows on the ground then slide
it under her knees and lift her knees.
III. Put your elbows on the ground then slide it in his nape. Twist your palm, lift the
victim and put your leg on his back. Your legs should be on 90o.

IV. Check the airway
1. If there is no obstruction seen, proceed to the next step
2. If there is obstruction is seen:
3. If the obstruction is a solid:
i. Scissors
ii. Forceps

iii. Baby hook
4. If the obstruction is a liquid, use a clean cloth then gently and
lightly touch the obstruction until the cloth absorbs the liquid
V. Go to his back, feet on the ground and squat position. The patient’s back should
lean in your thighs.
VI. Insert your hands in the patient’s underarm then grab the patient’s opposite hands
with your hands.
a) There are things to consider in inserting your hands:
i. If the patient is a male and the responder is also a male, you can
insert your hands below his underarm and grab the patient’s
opposite hand (this is also applicable if the patient is a female and
the responder is female).
ii. If the patient is female and the responder is a male:
VII. You can grab her elbow then lift the patient
VIII. You can also let the patient hold one of her elbows. Lift the patient by grabbing her
elbow and her hand that holds her another elbow.
1. Before Lifting the patient call for help by shouting “Buddy I need help” or
anything that will notify your buddy that you need their help.
i. There are things to consider before lifting the patient in this
technique:
1. If the patient is if the patient is wearing jeans or shorts

the Second rescuer will back between the victim's legs,
squats down, and grabs the patient’s knees.
2. If the patient is wearing skirt go to the side of the patient

and then grab the patient’s knees and place it on your
side.
IX. Start walking and bring the patient in the nearest safe place.
NOTE: Synchronization is needed while walking, Team Leaders should command

other rescuers before stepping with your inner foot or outer foot. In any case
always walk first using your inner foot.
X. If you’re already in the safe place, the Team leader will return to the patient’s back
and then he/she will grab the patient’s hands and will cross it again.

XI. The Team leader will move backwards and will do a squat position as gently as
possible while he/she is holding the patient. The second rescuer will then support
the Team Leader by holding to the patient’s belt loop, waistband, or the sides of
their upper clothing just like what he/she did when lifting the patient. When the
patient is already sitting on the floor, release the hands of the patient and
immediately move to one side at the same time hold his shoulder that will support
the patient’s head. Slowly put the patient’s head on the floor.
Three to four man carries:

A.) Hammock carry.
I. Survey the scene
II. Introduce yourself and then ask permission to the
patient if the patient needs your assistance. To
execute this step, state “I’m (YOUR NAME) trained
first aider, may I help you?”
a. There are things to consider
in asking permission of the
patient, check:
1. If the patient is
conscious, ask the
patient directly
unconscious and the
relatives or friends of
the patient is in the
scene, ask permission
to his relatives or
friends.
unconscious and the by-standers are in the scene, ask
permission to by-standers
4. If the patient is unconscious and you are the only person
in the scene, still ask the patient for permission.
III. Kneel down. One of your knees should be aligned with the patient’s shoulder and the
other on his side.
IV. Ask the patient or the by-standers what happened
V. Cross the hands of the patient above his chest.
VI. Arrange the legs close to each other and lift the knee.
A. There are things to consider in lifting the knee of the patient:

pants or shorts.
2. If the patient is wearing skirt, put your elbows on the ground then
slide it under her knees and lift her knees.
VII. Call for help by shouting “Buddy I need help” or anything that will notify your team
that you need their help.
VIII. The rescuers will then stand on the side of the patient, Rescuers should stand in order
of their height, the tallest rescuer should be the nearest to the patient’s head. the
Team Leader will command other rescuers to count a sequence of 1 and 2 to identify
who will go on the other side of the patient. The Team Leader will then tell his team
that all of those who counted number 2 will go on the other side of the patient.
NOTE: Always remember that rescuers should prevent from going through the
patient’s head to go to the other side, instead, they should go around the patient’s
feet to go to the other side.
IX. The rescuers will then kneel and practice interlock.
X. The rescuers will insert their hand under the patient’s body and hold one wrist of the
opposite rescuer. The rescuers on the ends will only
XI. To be able to hold one of the wrists of the opposite rescuer. The rescuers in both ends
will use their free hands to support the victim’s head and feet/legs.
NOTE: There is a proper way of holding wrists. You should grab it firmly to prevent
injuries. When inserting your hand always remember to always put your elbows
on the ground first and then your palms should be facing the ground to prevent
injuries.
XII. On the command of the Team Leader, the rescuers will lift the patient the rescuers
will then use their knees/thighs nearest to the patient’s head to act as a support for
the patient. Their other knee will still be on the ground.
XIII. On the command of the Team Leader all of the rescuers will stand up.
XIV. Before walking the Team, Leader should command other rescuers if they will face on
the direction of the head or the feet of the patient, Team Leaders should command
other rescuers before stepping with their inner foot or outer foot. In any case always
walk first using your inner foot
XV. If you’re already in the safe place. The rescuers will go back to the squad position with
their knees/thigh’s acting as a support and the other knee on the ground. (The same
position before lifting the patient).
XVI. Put the patient on the ground as gently as possible.
NOTE: Wait for the Team Leader’s command before putting the patient on the
ground.
TO SEE ACTUAL VICTIM TRANSFER TECHNIQUES, JUST VISIT PLV-NSTP YOU CHANNEL:

BASIC LIFE SUPPORT AND CARDIO PULMONARY RESUSCITATION
Basic Life Support refers to maintaining the airway patency and support breathing and the circulation
without the use of equipment other than a protective device.
• Includes recognition of signs of sudden cardiac death (SCA), heart attack, stroke, and foreign-
body airway obstruction (FBAO).
• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
• Defibrillation with an automated external defibrillator (AED)
BLS / CPR Emergency Action Principles
1. Survey the Scene – by observed the following:

a. Is the scene safe?
b. Get consent to give care by introducing yourself.
“I’m (name of the first aider) trained first aider, I have my PPE’s (Personal Protective Equipment)
on, may I help you?”
c. Check responsiveness/consciousness using primary assessment:

• Alertness – give simple instruction to the injured person and checked if he/she
can follow. (ex. raising his hand)
• Verbal response – ask simple question to the injured person. (ex. What is his/her
name)
• Pain stimuli – induce mild pain (through trapezius squeeze, sternal rub) to
the patient so that you can identify if he/she is still conscious. (Do not do sternal
rub if the person have a history or suffering a heart problem).
• Unresponsiveness –tap the shoulder of the injured person three times and ask if
the person is ok?
Ex. “Hey, hey, hey are you ok?” Simultaneously tapping the shoulder.
d. If the person is unresponsive check the following:

• Airway – check airway for possible obstruction such as: foreign-body airway
obstruction or even blood/fluids.

Tree different type of clearing an obstruction
ü Baby Hook – using you’re pointing to remove the possible obstruction.
ü Scissor – using your pointing and middle finger.
ü Forceps – using your pointing finger and thumb.
• Breathing and circulation – check B and C simultaneously for 10 secs.

ü Check circulation by looking for the carotid pulse of the person.
• Use your pointing and middle finger upon checking of pulse
• Positive pulse and positive breathing indicates that the person
don’t need CPR.
• Positive pulse and negative breathing indicates that the
person is suffering from chocking you must proceed to
Heimlich maneuver, or abdominal thrusts.
• Negative Pulse and negative breathing indicates that you need
to perform CPR.
3. Activate Medical Assistance.
3.2 How to activate medical assistance?
Ask the by-stander to call for advance medical assistance
“Sir/Ma’am (identify the person thru the: attire, accessories or anything distinct to the person),
please call an ambulance/advance medical personnel bring an AED and come back to me
ASAP”
Note:
• Do not use a finger to pin point a by-stander instead use your hand.
• Use modulated voice in giving instruction.
4. Perform the CPR

In performing CPR you must remember the following:
Before CPR
• Wear proper PPE’s and
• Do not proceed if the person have a DNAR (Do Not Attempt Resuscitation)
• Do not proceed if the person is decapitated
During CPR
• Make sure that the front of your elbow is the one who is visible.
• Use your upper body upon giving chest compression.
• Always look to the face of the person to monitor if he/she is making a reaction,
indicating that the person is conscious.
• Do not do the following when providing chest compression
o Bending the elbow
o Massaging the chest
o Rocking your head

o Do not bounce your hand
o Changing the position of your hand
Table for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Action Adult (13 yrs old and above Child ( 1 – 12 yrs old)
Compression area Center of the chest (on lower half of sternum)
Depth At least 2inches (5cm) About 2inches (5cm)
2 hands (one hand on top below is the dominant)
How to compress Heel of 1 hand or 2 hands
use the heel of the hand
Rate (speed) At least 100 compression per minute
Compression / 30 chest compression : 2 ventilation 30 chest compression : 2 ventilation
ventilation 1 or 2 rescuers 1 or 2 rescuers
Mouth to Mouth
Mouth to Mouth
Mouth to Mouth and Nose
Ways to ventilate
Protective equipment to ventilate:
Face shield; face mask and bag valve mask (BVM)
Ventilations Until the chest clearly rises (about 1 second per ventilation)
Number of cycles per 5 cycles 5 cycles for 1 rescuer
two minutes 1 or 2 rescuers 10 cycles for 2 rescuers
Counting for 1*2*3*4*5*6*7*8*9*10*11*12*13*14*15*16*17*18*19*20
standardization 1*2*3*4*5*6*7*8*9 and 1
purposes Then breathe, breathe
(… up to 5 cycles)
When to STOP Cardiopulmonary (CPR)

Ø Spontaneous signs of breathing and circulation
Ø Turn over to professional provider/advance medical personnel.
Ø Operator is exhausted
Ø Physician assumes responsibility
Ø Scene become unsafe
After CPR
When the person is showing signs of life (positive signs of pulse and breathing) checked for DOTS if
there is any possible injury and put the person into the recovery position
Follow these steps:
TO SEE THE ACTUAL BASIC LIFE SUPPORT, JUST VISIT PLV-NSTP YOUTUBE CHANNEL:

ü With the person lying on their back, kneel on the
floor at their side.
ü Extend the arm nearest you at a right angle to
their body with their palm facing up.
ü Take their other arm and fold it so the back of
their hand rests on the cheek closest to you, and
hold it in place.
ü Use your free hand to bend the person's knee
farthest from you to a right angle.
ü Carefully roll the person onto their side by
pulling on the bent knee.
ü Their bent arm should be supporting the head,
and their extended arm will stop you rolling
them too far.
ü Make sure their bent leg is at a right angle.
ü Open their airway by gently tilting their head
back and lifting their chin, and check that
nothing is blocking their airway.
ü Stay with the person and monitor their condition until help arrives.
TO SEE THE ACTUAL BASIC LIFE SUPPORT, JUST VISIT PLV-NSTP YOUTUBE CHANNEL:
TAKE OF ACTIVITY NO. 1 EXTEND
Now you know. How to manage and open wound using the principle of 4’C
Note: Follow the proper sequence
Type of
Process of the management
management
C-
C-
C-
C-
TAKE OF ACTIVITY NO. 2
Let us see. Identify the type of Cravat in each injury

Type of Injury Type of Cravat

TAKE OF ACTIVITY NO. 3
Try to find out. Fill in the blank with the proper process of CPR
Action Adult (13 yrs. old and above Child (1 – 12 yrs. old)
Compression area 1. of the chest (on lower half of sternum)
Depth At least 2inches (5cm) About 2inches (5cm)
2 hands (one hand on top below is the dominant) use
How to compress Heel of 1 hand or 2 hands
the 2. ______________
Rate (speed) At least 3. per minute
Compression / 4. __________________________________ 30 chest compression: 2 ventilation
ventilation 1 or 2 rescuers 1 or 2 rescuers
Mouth to Mouth
Mouth to Mouth
Mouth to Mouth and Nose
Ways to ventilate
Protective equipment to ventilate:
Face shield; face mask and bag valve mask (BVM)
Ventilations Until the chest clearly rises (about 1 second per ventilation)
Number of cycles per 5. _____________________ 5 cycles for 1 rescuer
two minutes 1 or 2 rescuers 10 cycles for 2 rescuers
1*2*3*4*5*6*7*8*9*10*11*12*13*14*15*16*17*18*19*20
Counting for
1*2*3*4*5*6*7*8*9 and 1
standardization
Then breathe, breathe
purposes
(… up to 5 cycles)

TAKE OF ACTIVITY NO. 1 EVALUATE
HOW WILL YOU MANAGE? If you witness an incident, how do you perform the concepts of
emergency response, bandaging techniques (depending on the injury) and how do you move the
person from dangerous to safe.
Discuss what you are going to do on every scenario. Make sure your explanation is understandable
and direct to the point. Include sample picture of the technique that will be send of Facebook
messenger. If you need help, you may ask your Parent or any Family member for the assistance.
SCENARIO
1. You’re on the way home, when you saw a vehicular accident, the motorcycle driver was lying
on the ground with severe bleeding on his Right Thigh, and possible injury on his left foot.
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2. When your friend suddenly felt dizzy in the classroom, and as she is about to sit down and
rest for a moment, she lost consciousness and accidentally hit the ground with her right elbow
and some abrasion on her left hand.

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3. During your lunch break, your classmate accidentally poured a boiling cup of coffee into his
left hand, due to panic it cause also a difficulty of breathing.
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4. You’re on a vacation, and playing with your niece when she suddenly fell on the ground and
cause laceration on the left elbow and puncture on the right hand of a BBQ stick.
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5. While playing basketball your teammate suddenly fell on the ground and hit his head and
become unconscious, also result a laceration on his right pelvis.
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MODULE FEEDBACK FORM
To provide feedback to the writers of the module, please answer this form. We ask you to include your
name and email address so we can contact you if we need clarification about your suggestions. We
have ensured that all information you give us is confidential.
Name: _____________________________________
Email Address: ______________________________
Which unit or topic does your feedback pertain to:

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Please provide your feedback for this module.
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References and Suggested Readings

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“To help without asking whom?

6.9 BASIC FIRST AID, WOUND MANAGEMENT,

Revised edition 2020

Revised edition 2020

WHAT IS FIRST AID?

What are the roles and responsibilities of a First Aider?

What are the objectives of a First Aider?

A good First Aider must observed the following characteristics:

Hindrances in Providing First Aid

Revised edition 2020

When to do call first and care first?

Emergency Action Principles

f. Check responsiveness/consciousness using primary assessment:

2. Activate Medical Assistance.

Revised edition 2020

Revised edition 2020

Management for minor closed wound

Signs of internal bleeding or severe internal bleeding

Management for major closed wound or severe internal bleeding

Revised edition 2020

Management for Open wound

Revised edition 2020

Revised edition 2020

I. PARTS OF TRIANGULAR BANDAGE:

Revised edition 2020

B. Fold the Bandage by Clapping while holding

TO SEE THE ACTUAL

Revised edition 2020

TO SEE THE ACTUAL

o dy BANDAGE, JUST VISIT

TO SEE THE ACTUAL

Revised edition 2020

Revised edition 2020

III. SQUARE KNOT

Revised edition 2020

Wound in the Head:

A. Bandage (Open Phase)

BURN ON THE FACE AND THE BACK OF THE HEAD:

A. Bandage (Open Phase)

Revised edition 2020

WOUND ON FORE HEAD:

TO SEE THE ACTUAL BANDAGING TECHNIQUES, JUST VISIT PLV-

Revised edition 2020

A. Bandage (Open Phase)

TO SEE THE ACTUAL BANDAGING TECHNIQUES, JUST VISIT PLV-NSTP YOUTUBE

Revised edition 2020

Burn on the Chest and the Back of the Chest:

TO SEE THE ACTUAL BANDAGING TECHNIQUES, JUST VISIT PLV-NSTP YOUTUBE

A. Apply a Gauze Pad with betadine

Laceration on the Palm (Vertical):

TO SEE THE ACTUAL BANDAGING TECHNIQUES, JUST VISIT PLV-NSTP YOUTUBE

Revised edition 2020

Revised edition 2020

Wound on Pelvic area:

Proper way in applying elastic bandage

Revised edition 2020

I. TYPES OF ELASTIC BANDAGING

II. ELASTIC BANDAGE TECHNIQUES

a. Anchor bandage on hand with circular turns

b. Continue covering the amputated area to wrist, repeating

c. Circle around folds at wrist to secure them

TRANSFERRING, LIFTING AND MOVING