 Gathering of needed materials
WHAT IS FIRST AID?
 an immediate care given to a
person who have been injured or
suddenly taken ill
 the immediate, temporary
treatment carried out in cases of
emergency, sudden illness or
accident prior to the arrival of a
doctor or the transportation of the
patient to the hospital
THREE OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID
1. to alleviate suffering
2. to prevent added or further injury
or danger
3. to prolong life
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
FIRST AIDER
1. GENTLE – should not cause pain
2. RESOURCEFUL – should make
the best use of things at hand
3. OBSERVANT – should notice all
signs
4. TACTFUL – should not alarm the
victim
5. EMPHATIC – should be
comforting
6. RESPECTABLE – should maintain
a professional and caring
attitude
GUIDELINES IN GIVING
EMERGENCY CARE
I. GETTING STARTED
 Planning of action
 Initial response as follows
A – Ask for help
I – Intervene
D – Do no further harm
II. EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES
Survey the scene.
 Is the scene safe?
 What happened?
 How many people are injured?
 Are they bystanders who can
help?
 Identify yourself as a trained first
aider.
III. DO A PRIMARY SURVEY OF THE VICTIM
First aid requires rapid assessment of
victims to determine whether life-
threatening conditions exist.
 A – Airway – is the victim
conscious or unconscious? Is it
open or unobstructed?
 B – Breathing – is the victim
breathing? Look, listen, and feel
for breathing. Is it shallow or
deep? Does he appear to be
choking?
 C – Circulation – is the victim’s
heart beating? Assess pulse. Is
he severely bleeding? Check
skin color and temperature for
additional indications of
circulation problems.
IV. DO A SECONDARY SURVEY OF THE
VICTIM
Interview the victim.
 Introduce yourself.
  Get permission to give care.
 Ask the victim’s name.
 Ask what happened.
Check vital signs.
 Determine radial of carotid
pulse.
 Determine skin appearance,
look at the victim’s face and lips
Record skin appearance
(temperature, moisture, color)
 Determine breathing.
Do the head-to-toe examination.
 HEAD – look and feel for cuts
and bruises.
 EYES – check and compare
pupils:
 dilated pupils – bleeding or
shock
 constricted pupils – heat
stroke or drug overdose
 unequal pupils – head injury
or stroke
 NOSE, EAR, AND MOUTH
– check for fluid or blood
 NECK – feel for injury
 COLLAR BONE – check and
compare shoulders
 CHEST/RIBS – check and
compare chest
 ABDOMEN – check for
tenderness, press abdomen
using flat palm fingers
 HIP BONE – press slowly, inward
and upward
 LEG AND ARM – one at a time
 SPINAL COLUMN – press gently
from cervical region down
lumbar

Record all assessment and time.