TEST 10

P Part 1: You will hear part of an interview in which a student called Katerina Philips is discussing her
work experience. For questions 1 – 5, answer the questions. Write NO MORE THAN FIVE WORDS for
each answer.
(5 x 2 = 10 pts)
1. What was Katy’s main reason for choosing the position?
____________________________________________
2. What was her main responsibility regarding the ingredients for ice cream?
__________ _________________________________
3. What career is Katy interested in pursuing?
__________________________________________
4. What is Katy’s advice for students looking for work experience rather than money?
____________________________________________
5. What may students actually get if they work for a company they want to work with in the future?
________________ ____________________________
Part 2: You will hear two colleagues, Catherine and Donald, discussing some new office software. For
questions 6 – 10, decide whether the statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false.

(5 x 2 = 10 pts)

6. Catherine says the existing software is unfit for purpose. ____

7. According to Donald, the new program is a waste of time and resources. ____
8. Both Catherine and Donald think some modifications are done for the wrong reasons. ____
9. Donald disagrees with Catherine that the right software can be beneficial to a business. ____
10. In Donald’s view, job security will soon be a thing of the past. ____

Part 3: You will hear RANDAL PICKER talking about how an explosion in remote learning changes
education. For questions 11 – 20, complete the sentences, using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for
each answer. (10 x 2 = 20 points)

11. The program COVID 2025 explores how the pandemic is __________________________ our future.
12. In the past, it was difficult to bring in guest speakers or be in ____________ at the same time.
13. Although the trend has been towards remote learning, it has been __________________________.
14. There need to be the __________________________ ready to do online education on the widest-
possible basis.
15. He mentions what’s happening at the precollege level as an explanation for the term
__________________________.
16. In the past, the __________________________ was put everywhere in the US as a way to connect
everyone together.
17. There’s a __________________________ law to control all student educational records.
18. He says they need to work out how to bring the _____________________________ to the new
environment.
19. He thinks it’s wrong to swap in technology for the __________________________ that shows up in
class.
20. He thinks in five years’ time, we will be ____ _________________ and able to bring people into a
classroom in an easy way.

Part 4: You will hear an expert being interviewed about stress. For questions 21 – 25, choose the correct
answer according to what you hear. (5 x 2 = 10 pts)

21. Timothy Fry tells us that stress

A. should be controlled rather than eradicated. B. makes for an interesting life.

C. is little understood by ordinary people. D. is an inevitable fact of life.

22. According to Timothy, what produces stress?

A. Losing control of a situation B. Excessive physical exercise

C. A person’s own attitudes and actions D. Tiredness after a short burst of activity
23. The disadvantage of ‘deadline euphoria’ is that you

A. may become overconfident of your abilities. B. could unconsciously ruin the work environment.

C. might fail to accomplish your objective. D. might put things off indefinitely.
24. ‘Self-fulfilling prophecies’ come true because

A. we have unrealistic expectations of the future.

B. our attitudes affect what happens.

C. some people are genuinely unlucky.

D. negative events get progressively worse with time.

25. According to Timothy, people have a tendency to

A. want to control the actions of others. B. alter the course of history.

C. overestimate what others can do. D. make too many mistakes.

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
Circle A, B, C or D that best completes each of the following sentences.
WORD CHOICE
1. She was in the office all of Wednesday and so has a ________ alibi.
A. stale B. considerable C. broad D. cast-
2. The camel has adapted to survive in an ________ environment like the desert for many days
without water.
A. acidic B. alkaline C. arid D. avid
3. A special feature of the room is the huge picture window which ________ a splendid view of the
Quantock hills.
A. allows B. affords C. enables D. presents
4. He still suffers from a rare tropical disease which he ________ while in Africa.
A. infected B. complained C. gained D. contracted
5. Some people prefer to watch a film first, and then read the ________ in the paper.
A. critic B. revue C. review D. criticism
6. We want everyone to begin the test ________.
A. simultaneously B. unexpectedly C. indefinitely D. continuously
7. You are bound to find information on the stock market crash of 1987 in the newspaper ________.
A. files B. archives C. records D.
collections
8. What stands out from The Voice Kids is that many young children are ________ with natural
talent for music.
A. bestowed B. conferred C. endowed D. vouchsafed
9. Most critics praise that actor's work but I think he's rather ________.
A. over-played B. over-rated C. over-blown D. over-priced
10. Marlene is quite ________ - I don't know she manages to fit everything in.
A. inexhaustible B. tiresome C. inexorable D.
indefatigable

. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS

1. He'll have to buckle ________ to his work soon if he wants to pass his finals.
A. up B. in C. down D. for
2. His poor handling of the business ________ on negligence.
A. neared B. edged C. approached D. bordered
3. After its engine failed, the small boat ________ with the current.
A. waved B. tossed C. hastened D. drifted=
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4. There is a rumor that the National Bank is going to ________ the company I work for.
A. take on B. overtake C. take over D. take off
5. Why don’t you have a night out? It would take your ________ off your worries.
A. thoughts B. heart C. mind D. head
6. The government decided to ________ down on income tax evasion.
A. press B. crack=mạnh tay trong vc gì đó C. push
D. snap
7. If we ________ over the details, we’ll never finish filming this episode by today.
A. niggle B. discuss C. huddle D. mob
8. The Corporation is laying ________ a lot of money on building a new creation center.
A. down B. off C. into D. out
9. She’s decided to ________ her German by attending an evening course.
A. brush up B. patch up C. polish off D. dust off
10. I didn’t really want to go to the party, but I thought I’d better put ________ an appearance.
A. away B. in C. off D. on

CHOOSE THE COORECT ANSWER

1. That Mary is an ________ liar; you must take what she says with a small grain of salt.
A. incorrigible B. incurable C. irredeemable D.
irremediable
2. I knew my mother would ________ a face the minute she saw my new haircut.
A. drag B. lift C. pull D. raise
3. If you don’t stop smoking, you ________ the risk of developing chronic bronchitis.
A. bear B. suffer C. make D. run
4. He was a pickpocket and had to spend many years behind ________.
A. windows B. prisons C. cells D. bars
5. If you say you'd like ________ of cream on your strawberries then you don't want very much
cream.
 A. a dash B. oodles C. lashings D. a dollop
6. In her speech the Prime Minister ________ tribute to the valuable contributions to society made
by voluntary organizations.
A. paid B. sent C. brought D. gave
7. Tamara has set her ________ on becoming a ballet-dancer.
A. feet B. brain C. heart D. head
8. The football team Manchester United paid ________ to sign up the Brazilian twins Rafael and
Fabio Da Silva when they were only eighteen.
A. their heart in it B. an arm and a leg
C. a good heart D. their eyes to eyes
9. He spoke well though it was his ________ speech.
A. first-hand B. maiden C. slurred D. prime
10. In his ________ days, he was quite dandy.
A. salad B. green C. fruit D. vegetable
11. Politicians are trying to ______ the tension developing among the city’s residents.
A. tease B. release C. seize D. ease
12. You’re looking at the problem from the wrong ________.
A. angle B. aspect C. corner D. point
13. The documents ________ that Fiona was the rightful owner of the estate.
A. authorized B. notified C. testified D. certified
14. Before his act, the magician had to ________ an assistant in the audience.
A. use B. conceal C. plant D. locate
15. In order to give up smoking, you need to exercise great _______ .
A. abstinence B. endeavour C. courage D. will-power
16. The architect was ________ by the challenge of the project, despite warnings from his
colleagues.
A. unperturbed B. unflawed C. uninterested D. undaunted
17. He has too _______ to go up to a woman at a party and ask her to dance.
A. much arrogance B. many inhibitions C. many vices D. much intelligence
18. Sue avoids carbohydrates because they make her feel ________ after eating.
A. sluggish B. flawless C. deficient D. withered
19. They waited until the storm had _________ before going out.
A. receded B. descended C. sunk D. subsided
20. Closure of schools took place _________ the wide spread of Covid-19 pandemic.
A. in the context of B. with regard to C. with a concern for D. in consideration of
V. READING COMPREHENSION (10 pts)
Read the following passages carefully and circle A, B, C or D that best answers the questions.
READING PASSAGE 1 (5 pts)
THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
Slavery was legal for over 200 years in some parts of North America, particularly the southern
states of the United States, where the plantation system of agriculture depended on the labor of
slaves, most of whom came from Africa. Slaves had no rights or freedoms because they were
thought of as property. From the time of its origin, slavery had opponents. The abolitionist
movement began in the 1600s when the Quakers in Pennsylvania objected to slavery on moral
grounds and wanted to abolish the institution.
In 1793, Canada passed a law abolishing slavery and declared that any escaped slaves who
came to Canada would be free citizens. Slavery was already illegal in most northern states;
however, slaves captured there by slave hunters could be returned to slavery in the South. Canada
refused to return runaway slaves or to allow American slave hunters into the country. It is estimated
that more than 30,000 runaway slaves immigrated to Canada and settled in the Great Lakes region
between 1830 and 1865.
The American antislavery movement was at the height of its activity during the 1800s, when
abolitionists developed the Underground Railroad, a loosely organized system whereby runaway
slaves were passed from safe house to safe house as they fled northwards to free states or Canada.
The term was first used in the 1830s and came from an Ohio clergyman who said, “They who took
passage on it disappeared from public view as if they had really gone to ground”. Because the
Underground Railroad was so secret, few records exist that would reveal the true number of people
who travelled it to freedom. The most active routes on the railroad were in Ohia, Indiana, and
western Pennsylvania.
Runaway slaves usually traveled alone or in small groups. Most were young men between the
ages of 16 and 35. (A) The fugitives hid in wagons under loads of hay or potatoes, or in furniture
and boxes in steamers and on rafts. (B) They traveled on foot through swamps and woods, moving
only a few miles each night, using the North Star as a compass. Sometimes they moved in broad
daylight. (C) Boys disguised themselves as girls, and girls dressed as boys. In one well-known
incident, twenty-eight slaves escaped by walking in a funeral procession from Kentucky to Ohio.
(D)
The railroad developed its own language. The trains were the large farm wagons that could
conceal and carry a number of people. The tracks were the backcountry roads that were used to
elude the slave hunters. The stations were the homes and hiding places where the slaves were fed
and cared for as they moved north. The agents were the people who planned the escaped routes. The
“conductors” were the fearless men and women who led the slaves toward freedom. The
“passengers” were the slaves who dared to run away and break for liberty. Passengers paid no fare
and conductors received no pay.
The most daring conductor was Harriet Tubman, a former slave who dedicated her life to
helping other runaways. Tubman made 19 trips into the South to guide 300 relatives, friends and
strangers to freedom. She was wanted dead or alive in the South, but she was never captured and
never lost a passenger. A determined worker, she carried a gun for protection and a supply of drugs
to quiet the crying babies in her rescue parties.
A number of white people joined the effort, including Indiana banker Levi Coffin and his wife
Catherine, who hid runaways in their home, a “station” conveniently located on three main escape
routes to Canada. People could be hidden there for several weeks, recovering their strength and
waiting until it was safe to continue on their journey. Levi Coffin was called the “president of the
Underground Railroad” because he helped as many as 3,000 slaves to escape.
The people who worked on the railroad were breaking the law. Although the escape network
was never as successful or as well organized as Southerners thought, the few thousand slaves who
made their way to freedom in this way each year had a symbolic significance out of proportion to
their actual numbers. The Underground Railroad continued operating until slavery in the United
States was finally abolished in 1865.
1. Why did thousands of runaways slaves immigrate to Canada?
A. They preferred the climate of the Great Lakes region.
B. Working conditions for slaves were better in Canada.
C. Canada had no laws restricting immigration.
D. Former slaves could live as free citizens in Canada.
2. The phrase “The term” in paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A. Antislavery movement C. Underground Railroad
B. Abolitionist D. free state
3. The word “fugitives” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. Leaders B. old men C. runaways D. brave ones
4. All of the following are mentioned as methods of escape on the Underground Railroad EXCEPT
________.
 A. Hiding in a hay wagon C. riding in a railcar
B. Wearing a disguise D. walking in a procession
5. The author discusses the language of the Underground Railroad in paragraph 5 in order to
________.
A. Trace the history of American English words
B. Illustrate the secret nature of the escape network
C. Point out that some words have more than one meaning
D. Compare the Underground Railroad to other railways
6. The word “elude” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. avoid B. follow C. find D. assist
7. Which of the following statements is true about passengers on the Underground Railroad?
A. Their destination was in the northern states or Canada.
B. They were not allowed to make stops during the journey.
C. Their babies were disguised to look like baggage.
D. They paid the conductors at the end of the journey.
8. Why was Harriet Tubman wanted dead or alive in the South?
A. She was a criminal who carried a gun and sold drugs.
B. She refused to return the runaway slaves that she captured.
C. She was an escaped slave who led others to freedom.
D. She became the president of the Underground Railroad.
9. It can be inferred from paragraph 8 that the author most likely believes which of the following
about the Underground Railroad?
A. The people who worked on the railroad should have been arrested.
B. The railroad was unsuccessful because it could not help every slave.
C. Southerners did not know about the railroad until after it closed.
D. The railroad represented a psychological victory for abolitionists.
10. Where would the following sentence best fitted into paragraph 4?
Women and children also escaped, but they were more easily captured.
A. (A) B. (B) C. (C) D. (D)
READING PASSAGE 2 (5 pts)
The Amazonian wilderness harbors the greatest number of species on this planet and is an
irreplaceable resource for present and future generations. Amazonia is crucial for maintaining global
climate and genetic resources, and its forest and rivers provide vital sources of food, building
materials, pharmaceuticals, and water needed by wildlife and humanity.
The Los Amigos watershed in the state of Madre de Dios, southeastern Peru, is representative
of the pristine lowland moist forest once found throughout most of upper Amazonian South
America. Threats to tropical forests occur in the form of fishing, hunting, gold mining, timber
extraction, impending road construction, and slash and burn agriculture. The Los Amigos
watershed, consisting of 1.6 million hectares (3.95 million acres), still offers the increasingly scarce
opportunity to study rain forest as it was before the disruptive encroachment of modern human
civilization. Because of its relatively pristine condition and the immediate need to justify it as a
conservation zone and as a corridor between Manu National Park and the Tambopata-Candamo
Reserved Zone, this area deserves intensive, long-term projects aimed at botanical training,
ecotourism, biological inventory, and information synthesis.
On July 24, 2001, the government of Peru and the Amazon Conservation Association,
represented by Enrique Ortiz, signed a contractual agreement creating the first long-term
permanently renewable conservation concession. To our knowledge this is the first such agreement
to be implemented in the world. The conservation concession protects 340,000 acres of old growth
Amazonian forest in the Los Amigos watershed which is located in southeastern Peru. This
watershed protects the eastern flank of Manu National Park and is part of the lowland forest corridor
that links it to Bahuaja-Sonene National Park. The Los Amigos conservation concession will serve
as a mechanism for the development of a regional center of excellence in natural forest management
and biodiversity science.
Several major projects are being implemented at the Los Amigos Conservation Area. Louise
Emmons is initiating studies of mammal diversity and ecology in the Los Amigos area. Other
projects involve studies of the diversity of arthropods, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. Robin Foster
has conducted botanical studies at Los Amigos, resulting in the labeling of hundreds of plant species
along two kilometers of trail in upland and lowland forest. Los Amigos has also been a major field
site for Robin's rapid identification laminated photographic field guides to tropical plants. Michael
Goulding is leading a fisheries and aquatic ecology program, which aims to document the diversity
of fish, their ecologies, and their habitats in the Los Amigos area and the Madre de Dios watershed
in general.
With support from the Amazon Conservation Association, and in collaboration with US and
Peruvian colleagues, the Botany of the Los Amigos project has been initiated. At Los Amigos, we
are attempting to develop a system of preservation, sustainability, and scientific research; a marriage
between various disciplines, from human ecology to economic botany, product marketing to forest
management. The complexity of the ecosystem will best be understood through a multidisciplinary
approach, and improved understanding of the complexity will lead to better management. In
essence, we must be informed to make wise management decisions about Amazonian forests. These
forests hold the greatest number of species on our planet and are an irreplaceable resource for
present and future generations. The future of these forests will depend on sustainable management
and development of alternative practices and products that do not require irreversible destruction.
The botanical project will provide a foundation of information that is essential to other
programs at Los Amigos. By combining botanical studies with fisheries and mammology, we will
better understand plant/animal interactions. By providing names, the botanical program will
facilitate accurate communication about plants and the animals that use them. Included in this
scenario are humans, as we will dedicate time to people-plant interactions in order to learn what
plants are used by people in the Los Amigos area, and what plants could potentially be used by
people.
To be informed, we must develop knowledge. To develop knowledge, we must collect,
organize, and disseminate information. In this sense, botanical information has conservation
value. Before we can use plant-based products from the forest, we must know what species are
useful. We must know what their names are in order to be able to communicate accurately about
them. We must be able to identify them, to know where they occur in the forest, how many of them
exist, how they are pollinated and when they produce fruit (or other useful products). Aside from
understanding the species as they occur locally at Los Amigos, we must have information about
their overall distribution in tropical America in order to better understand and manage the
distribution, variation, and viability of their genetic diversity and germplasm. This involves a more
complete understanding of the species through studies in the field and herbarium.
1. The phrase “genetic resources” refers to ________.
A. plant seeds
B. different races of people
C. diverse species of plants and animals
D. cells that can be used in genetic cures for diseases
2. In paragraph 2, the author emphasizes that the current environmental condition of Amazonian
South America is ________.
A. mostly unscathed
B. restorable through his project
C. irredeemable everywhere but in the Los Amigos watershed
D. varying from destroyed to virtually pristine
3. The word “concession” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.
 A. grant B. acknowledgement C. apology D.
compromise
4. The author implies in paragraph three that the agreement between Peru and the Amazone
Conservation Association is history primarily because it ________.
A. was the first long-term agreement regarding land in the Amazone Rainforest
B. represented the first time a South American government had agreed to renew a
conservation agreement
C. is essentially a permanent conservation agreement
D. represents the first time such an agreement has been in the form of a renewable contract
5. The author’s main purpose in the passage is to ________.
A. demonstrate that conservation efforts have been historically successful and so should be
continued
B. garner support for opposition to destructive activities in the Los Amigos watershed
C. position the Los Amigos watershed agreement as a success towards the achievement of
the vital goal of conservation the Amazonian rainforests
D. argue that the study pristine rainforests is essential for documenting and studying the
myriad new species that the forests contain
6. The author’s tone in the passage can be best described as ________.
A. advocacy for his project over the other competing projects
B. general praise for conservation projects in Amazonian South America.
C. passionate support for his and related projects
D. zealous advocacy for his point of view
7. The work of Louise Emmons, Robin Foster, and Michael Goulding (in the fourth paragraph) are
employed in the passage as ________.
A. colleagues of the author’s in his botanical project
B. examples of the kinds of activities the author and his colleagues are trying to halt
C. scientists who are represent new trends of study in Amazonian botany
D. scientist involved in projects related and amenable to the author’s
8. The author’s botanical project involved all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A. studying plants in laboratory
B. studying how plants are used by humans and animals
C. facilitating pharmaceutical use of plants
D. labeling plants in the Los Amigos area
9. When the author says that the botanical project will “provide names” he means that the project
will ________.
A. help recognize new species
B. aid in the standardization of names for new species
C. participate in naming the region’s different zones
D. clarify the conclusion surrounding the names of different organizations working in
Amazonia
10. When the author says that “botanical information has conservation value” he means that
________.
A. a robust understanding of conservationism is aided by botanical information
B. conservationists should strive to preserve botanical information
C. specification is important for conservation
D. political discussions about conservation should use botanical nomenclature

Read the extract taken from Darwin's book The Voyage of the Beagle then choose the best
answer A, B, C or D to complete each statement. (10 pts)
 That large animals require a luxuriant vegetation, has been a general assumption which has passed
from one work to another; but I do not hesitate to say that it is completely false, and that it has
vitiated the reasoning of geologists on some points of great interest in the ancient history of the
world. The prejudice has probably been derived from India, and the Indian islands, where troops of
elephants, noble forests, and impenetrable jungles, are associated together in every one's mind. If,
however, we refer to any work of travels through the southern parts of Africa, we shall find
allusions in almost every page either to the desert character of the country, or to the numbers of
large animals inhabiting it. The same thing is rendered evident by the many engravings which have
been published of various parts of the interior. Dr. Andrew Smith, who has lately succeeded in
passing the Tropic of Capricorn, informs me that, taking into consideration the whole of the
southern part of Africa, there can be no doubt of its being a sterile country. On the southern coasts
there are some fine forests, but with these exceptions, the traveller may pass for days together
through open plains, covered by a poor and scanty vegetation. Now, if we look to the animals
inhabiting these wide plains, we shall find their numbers extraordinarily great, and their bulk
immense. We must enumerate the elephant, three species of rhinoceros, the hippopotamus, the
giraffe, the bos caffer, two zebras, two gnus, and several antelopes even larger than these latter
animals. It may be supposed that although the species are numerous, the individuals of each kind are
few. By the kindness of Dr. Smith, I am enabled to show that the case is very different. He informs
me, that in lat. 24', in one day's march with the bullock-wagons, he saw, without wandering to any
great distance on either side, between one hundred and one hundred and fifty rhinoceroses - the
same day he saw several herds of giraffes, amounting together to nearly a hundred. At the distance
of a little more than one hour's march from their place of encampment on the previous night, his
party actually killed at one spot eight hippopotamuses, and saw many more. In this same river there
were likewise crocodiles. Of course it was a case quite extraordinary, to see so many great animals
crowded together, but it evidently proves that they must exist in great numbers. Dr. Smith describes
the country passed through that day, as 'being thinly covered with grass, and bushes about four feet
high, and still more thinly with mimosa-trees.' Besides these large animals, every one the least
acquainted with the natural history of the Cape, has read of the herds of antelopes, which can be
compared only with the flocks of migratory birds. The numbers indeed of the lion, panther, and
hyena, and the multitude of birds of prey, plainly speak of the abundance of the smaller quadrupeds:
one evening seven lions were counted at the same time prowling round Dr. Smith's encampment. As
this able naturalist remarked to me, the carnage each day in Southern Africa must indeed be
terrific! I confess it is truly surprising how such a number of animals can find support in a country
producing so little food. The larger quadrupeds no doubt roam over wide tracts in search of it; and
their food chiefly consists of underwood, which probably contains much nutriment in a small bulk.
Dr. Smith also informs me that the vegetation has a rapid growth; no sooner is a part consumed,
than its place is supplied by a fresh stock. There can be no doubt, however, that our ideas respecting
the apparent amount of food necessary for the support of large quadrupeds are much exaggerated.
The belief that where large quadrupeds exist, the vegetation must necessarily be luxuriant, is the
more remarkable, because the converse is far from true. Mr. Burchell observed to me that when
entering Brazil, nothing struck him more forcibly than the splendor of the South American
vegetation contrasted with that of South Africa, together with the absence of all large quadrupeds.
In his Travels, he has suggested that the comparison of the respective weights (if there were
sufficient data) of an equal number of the largest herbivorous quadrupeds of each country would be
extremely curious. If we take on the one side, the elephants hippopotamus, giraffe, bos caffer, eland,
five species of rhinoceros; and on the American side, two tapirs, the guanaco, three deer, the vicuna,
peccary, capybara (after which we must choose from the monkeys to complete the number), and
then place these two groups alongside each other it is not easy to conceive ranks more
disproportionate in size. After the above facts, we are compelled to conclude, against anterior
probability, that among the mammalian there exists no close relation between the bulk of
the species, and the quantity of the vegetation, in the countries which they inhabit.
Adapted from: Voyage of the Beagle, Charles Darwin
1. The author is primarily concerned with __________.
A. discussing the relationship between the size of mammals and the nature of vegetation in their
habitats
B. contrasting ecological conditions in India and Africa
C. proving the large animals do not require much food
D. describing the size of animals in various parts of the world
2. According to the author, the ‘prejudice’ has lead to __________
A. errors in the reasoning of biologists B. false ideas about animals in Africa
C. doubt in the mind of the author D. incorrect assumptions on the part of
geologists
3. The author uses information provided by Dr. Smith to __________.
A. supply information on quality and quantity of plant life in South Africa

B. indicate the presence of large numbers of animals

C. give evidence of numbers of carnivorous animals

D. A, B and C are correct

4. The flocks of migratory birds are mentioned to __________.
A. describe an aspect of the fauna of South B. indicate the abundance of wildlife
Africa
C. contrast with the habits of the antelope D. suggest the size of antelope herds
5. The ‘carnage’ refers to the __________.
A. number of animals killed by hunters B. number of prey animals killed by
predators
C. number of people killed by lions D. amount of food eaten by all species
6. To account for the ‘surprising’ number of animals in a ‘country producing so little food’,
Darwin suggests all of the following as partial explanations except __________.
A. food requirements have been B. rapid regrowth of plant material
overestimated
C. large area for animals to forage in D. mainly carnivorous animals
7. The author makes his point by reference to all of the following except ___________.
A. historical documents B. published illustrations
C. private communications D. recorded observations
8. Darwin quotes Burchell’s observations in order to ___________.
A. describe a region of great splendor B. counter a popular misconception
C. account for a curious situation D. illustrate a well-known phenomenon
9. Darwin apparently regards Dr. Smith as __________.
A. reliable and imaginative B. observant and excitable
C. intrepid and competent D. foolhardy and tiresome
10. Anterior probability refers to ___________.
A. what might have been expected B. ideas of earlier explorers
C. likelihood based on data from India D. hypotheses of other scientists
VI. GUIDED CLOZE TEST (10 pts)
Read the following passages and circle A, B, C or D that best fits each numbered blank.
GUIDED CLOZE TEST 1 (5 pts)
GERARD MERCATOR: THE MAN WHO MAPPED THE PLANET
When Gerard Mercator was born in 1512, the geography of the globe still remained a mystery.
It was unclear whether America was part of Asia if there was a vast (1) ________ of sea at the top
of the world or if Australia was connected to Antarctica.
Mercator’s childhood was spent chiefly in Rupelmonde, a Flemish trading town on the river,
and it was here that his geographical imagination was (2) ________ by the ships which passed to
and from the rest of the world. Alongside imagination, he developed two very different skills. The
first was the ability to gather, (3) ________ and co-ordinate the geographical information provided
by explorers and sailors who frequented the margins of the known. He also had to be able to
imagine himself (4) ________ from the heavens, to achieve the visionary (5) ________ of gods in
the skies, (6) ________ down on the world. The main reason why Mercator’s name is familiar to us
is because of the Mercator Projection: the solution he (7) ________ to represent the spheroidal
surface of the globe on a two-dimensional plane. It is less well known that Mercator was the first
man to conceive of mapping the (8) ________ surface of the planet or that he (9) ________ the idea
of multiple maps being presented in bound books, to which he gave the name ‘Atlas’.
It is difficult for us now to be surprised by maps, so many are there, and of such detail and
coverage, but we should bear in mind that Mercator lived at a time when such knowledge was far
from (10) ________. He was the man who altered our worldview forever.
1. A. territory B. distance C. range D. expanse
2. A. raised B. reared C. supplied D. nourished
3. A. congregate B. amass C. assimilate D. construct
4. A. suspended B. located C. situated D. attached
5. A. inspection B. observation C. perspective D. assessment
6. A. glimpsing B. scutinizing C. watching D. gazing
7. A. invented B. contrived C. devised D. schemed
8. A. sheer B. full C. entire D. utter
9. A. pioneered B. initiated C. lead D. prepared
10. A. typical B. common C. routine D. normal

GUIDED CLOZE TEST 2 (5 pts)

ME AND MY HEALTH
I never seem to stop. I’m not so much a workaholic as the (1) ________ ‘girl who can’t say
no’. Not only have I never learned to organize my time, I need the deadline to pass before I get
going. Then I wonder why I feel (2) ________. I’m very good at whipping up false energy. Without
(3) ________ rest, though, I start to look grey and then, apart from a good night’s sleep, the only
thing that brings me back to life is meditation. I find that 20 minutes’ meditation is (4) ________ to
a night’s sleep and that keeps me going. Somehow though, I never get around to meditating on a
daily (5) ________. I’m no good in the morning. By the time I’ve managed to get up and repair the
(6) ________ of the night, half of the day’s gone. When it comes to food, I’m a hostess’s nightmare.
As I suffer from migraine, I avoid cheese and (7) ________ like coffee, red wine and spirits, which
are generally (8) ________ to trigger and attack. I only eat rye bread, as the gluten in wheat makes
me feel bloated and ropy. I’ve (9) ________ countless migraine ‘cures’, from the herbal remedy
feverfew to acupuncture. Acupuncture (10) ________ balance the system, but nothing stops the
attacks.
1. A. innovative B. first C. foremost D. original
2. A. apathetic B. exhausted C. grueling D. spent
3. A. sufficient B. severe C. acceptable D. minimal
4. A. compatible B. alike C. equivalent D. proportional
5. A. way B. basis C. routine D. manner
6. A. damages B. wrecks C. ravages D. ruins
7. A. stimulations B. stimulants C. stimulus D. stimulating
8. A. foreseen B. maintained C. regarded D. thought
9. A. tried B. experimented C. searched D. proved
10. A. assists B. improves C. restores D. helps
B. WRITTEN TEST (70 pts)
I. OPEN CLOZE TEST (20 pts)
Fill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word.
OPEN CLOZE TEST 1 (10 pts)
KARAOKE FEVER
 Karaoke is fast becoming the nation’s Number One party pastime. Public humiliation has (1)
________ been so fashionable. It’s 1 a.m. at an exclusive location in the heart of London. A major
pop singer has taken the stage but rather than sing her latest hit, she treats the crowd (2) ________ a
Michael Jackson song. What was (3) ________ the party habit of teenagers is now favoured by
London’s coolest crowd and everyone is having a (4) ________. So why are so many of our young
celebrities queueing up to make fools of (5) ________ in clubs and bars across the country? Maybe
it’s because (6) ________ out a naff pop song to a public audience shows that even though you may
be a celebrity, you don’t (7) ________ yourself too seriously. And if you are a big movie star, that’s
a good message to get across. Nobody gets away without being laughed (8) ________ on a karaoke
evening, no matter how famous they are. Turning all, that’s the whole point of the exercise. (9)
________ for the musical experts among you, a word of warning: this isn’t about proving to the
world that you know all the lyrics to a serious song. It’s about expressing your inner performer.
Don’t bother (10) ________ up at a karaoke night if you aren’t prepared to sing; you’ve got to put in
the effort and prove that you are one of the ‘in-crowd’. Break a leg!

OPEN CLOZE TEST 2 (10 pts)

When he was made (1) ________ four years ago, John Spencer set up his own business dealing
in (2) ________ and second-hand books. “I didn’t expect to lose my job,” he said. “It happened very
suddenly and I knew it would be difficult to find another one. I’d always been interested in books,
so that seemed a good (3) ________ to choose. I run the business from home and send and receive
books by post so I don’t need my own (4) ________. Sometimes I travel to book fairs and
sometimes I have a stall in the market. It was a bit frightening at first, being (5) ________, but I’ve
got used to it now and I really appreciate the feeling of independence I get from “be my own boss”.
John got some advice from his bank manager about the financial (6) ________ of his business and
also took out a small (7) ________ to buy stock. After only two years the business was making a
profit. The secret of success, according to John, is to (8) ________ in certain area (detective fiction
and cookery in his case) so that you always have the book the serious collector is looking for. John
posts books to his consumers and then waits for them to send (9) ________. At first, he wasn’t sure
whether people would pay up promptly. “In fact, this hasn’t been the problem I thought it might be.
Most customers are very (10) ________ and it’s only the occasional one that causes problems.

II. WORD FORMS (20 pts)

1. Supply the correct word form of the words in brackets. (10 pts)
1. She stood there completely ________ so I had no idea at all what she was thinking
(EXPRESS)
2. Any actor who becomes known for one role is in danger of becoming __ ______ (TYPE)
3. This school was once __ _______ as a military hospital during the war.
(REQUIRE)
4. So far, the United States has said it cannot agree to ________ all types of antipersonnel mines.
(LAW)
5. In Scotland, there is greater emphasis on ________ by individual schools. (VALUE)
6. According to a recent survey in Britain, more women than men emphasized ________ and trust.
(CONFIDENCE)
7. People also read these papers for their reviews of new books, films and plays and for their
________.
(EDIT)
8. Since most important problems are ________, there are several alternatives to choose from, each
with unique advantages and disadvantages. (FACET)
9. The rocks appear to be stationary but in the high winds that whip across this desert landscape,
they are in reality moving ________.
(PERCEIVE)
10. After the cup final, the ________ team bussed back to the hotel parading the cup as they went.
(TRIUMPH)
2. Supply each gap with the correct form of the words given in the box. (10 pts)
ALTER SLOUCH COURSE MIND MISERY
RECEDE ROUND RESIDE REAL
MULTIPLE

A GREAT STAYCATION
Holidays at home are usually a last (1) ________ when all other options have been ruled out
for one reason or another, but, in these tough times when money is perhaps tighter than ever before,
the grim (2) ________ that the stay-at-home vacation may be the only realistic (3) ________ is one
that more and more of us are faced with.
However, this does not have to mean a (4) ________ time in the same old (5) ________ you
are in for the other 355-odd days of the year. For those willing to think outside the box a little, there
are, in fact, a (6) ________ of possibilities that should be explored.
Ever thought about a house swap, for example? The house swap is ultimate holiday (7)
________ buster. And there are now websites on which (8) ________ individuals, couples and
families looking to get a flavour of the life lived in some else’s home can hook up and start house
swapping.
Okay, so it’s not the two weeks in Gran Canaria you might have hoped for, but staying in
someone else’s (9) ________ for a few days at least, whether it be ten, fifty or one hundred miles
away, sure beats (10) ________ around at home on your sofa.

Read the passage and do the tasks that follow. (8 pts)

A. One misguided legacy over a hundred years of writing on bilingualism is that children's
intelligence will suffer if they are bilingual. Some of the earliest research into bilingualism
examined whether bilingual children were ahead of monolingual children on IQ tests. From the
1920s to the 1960s, the tendency was to find monolingual children ahead of bilinguals on IQ tests.
The conclusion was that bilingual children were mentally confused. Having two languages in the
brain, it was said, disrupted effective thinking. It was argued that having one well-developed
language was superior to having two half-developed languages.
B. The idea that the bilinguals may have a lower IQ still exists among many people,
particularly monolinguals. However, we now know that this early research was misconceived and
incorrect. First, such research often gave bilinguals an IQ test in their weaker language – usually
English. Had bilinguals tested in Welsh or Spanish or Hebrew, a different result may have been
found. The testing of bilinguals was thus unfair. Second, like was not compared with like.
Bilinguals tend to come from, for example, impoverished New York or rural Welsh backgrounds.
The monolinguals tend to come from more middle class, urban families. Working class bilinguals
were often compared with middle class monolinguals. So the results were more likely to be due to
social class differences than language differences. The comparison of monolinguals and bilinguals
was unfair.
C. The most recent research from Canada, the United States and Wales suggests that
bilinguals are, at least, equal to monolinguals on IQ tests. When bilinguals have two well-developed
languages (in the research literature called balanced bilinguals), bilinguals tend to show a slight
superiority in IQ tests compared with monolinguals. This is the received psychological wisdom of
the moment and is good news for raising bilingual children. Take, for example, a child who can
operate in either language in the curriculum in the school. That child is likely to be ahead on IQ tests
compared with similar monolinguals (same gender, social class, and age). Far from making people
mentally confused, bilingualism is now associated with a mild degree of intellectual superiority.
D. One note of caution needs to be sounded. IQ tests probably do not measure intelligence.
IQ tests measure a small sample of the broadest concept of intelligence. IQ tests are simply paper
and pencil tests where only "right and wrong" answers are allowed. Is all intelligence included in
such right and wrong, pencil and paper tests? Isn't there a wider variety of intelligences that are
important in everyday functioning and everyday life.
E. Many questions need answering. Do we only define an intelligent person as somebody
who obtains a high score on an IQ tests. Are the only intelligent people those who belong to high IQ
organizations such as MENSA? Is there social intelligence, musical intelligence, military
intelligence, marketing intelligence, motoring intelligence, political intelligence? Are all, or indeed
any, of these forms of intelligence measured by a simple pencil and paper IQ test which demands a
single, acceptable, correct solution to each question? Defining what constitutes intelligent behavior
requires a personal value judgment as to what type of behavior, and what kind of person is of more
worth.
F. The current state of psychological wisdom about bilingual children is that, where two
languages are relatively well developed, bilinguals have thinking advantages over monolinguals.
Take an example. A child is asked a simple question: How many uses can you think of for a brick?
Some children give two or three answers only. They can think of building walls, building a house or
perhaps that is all. Another child scribbles away, pouring out ideas one after the other: blocking up a
rabbit hole, breaking a window, using as a bird bath, as a plumb line, as an abstract sculpture in an
art exhibition.
G. Research across different continents of the world shows that bilinguals tend to be more
fluent, flexible, original and elaborate in their answers to this type of open-ended question. The
person who can think of a few answers tend to be termed a convergent thinker. They converge onto
a few acceptable conventional answers. People who think of lots of different uses for unusual items
(e.g. a brick, tin can, cardboard box) are call divergers. Divergers like a variety of answers to a
question and are imaginative and fluent in their thinking.
H. There are other dimensions in thinking where approximately balanced bilinguals may
have temporary and occasionally permanent advantages over monolinguals: increased sensitivity to
communication. A slightly speedier movement through the stages of cognitive development, and
being less fixed in the sounds of words and more centered on the meaning of words. Such ability to
move away from the sound of words and fix on the meaning of words tends to be a (temporary)
advantage for bilinguals around the ages four to six. This advantage may mean an initial head start
in learning to read and learning to think about language.
3.1 Write T (true), F (false) or NG (not given) for the following statements.
__________ 1. For more than 100 years, books and articles were wrong about the intelligence of
bilingual children.
__________ 2. Balanced bilinguals have more permanent than temporary advantages over
monolinguals.
__________ 3. Often bilinguals concentrate more on the way a word sounds than its meaning.
__________ 4. Monolinguals learn to speak at a younger age than bilinguals.
__________ 5. Bilinguals just starting school might pick up certain skills faster than
monolinguals.
3.2 Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage to complete the sentences.
6. For approximately 40 years, there was a mistaken belief that children who spoke two languages
were __________________.
7. It was commonly thought that people with a single __________________ were more effective
thinkers.
8. It was unfair to compare bilinguals and monolinguals by using _________________ in English.

Read the following article about a woman who taught a gorilla to “speak”. Seven sentences
have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-H the one which fits each
gap. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
TALKING WITH KOKO
Dr Patterson was introduced to Hanabi-Ko (Koko) in 1972. at a time when Koko was just a tiny,
undernourished one-year-old gorilla. Patterson was in search of a candidate for her forthcoming
four-year project, with Stanford University, on inter-species communication. Little did she know
that this would turn into her lifelong work.
 She wanted to research communication between humans and one of their closest relatives in the
animal world - the gorilla. On a visit to San Francisco Zoo, Dr Patterson's eyes immediately fell on
Koko. (1)................This decision would not only provide Patterson with a constant companion over
the coming years but also make Koko one of the most famous gorillas in the world.
From the beginning. Patterson chose to communicate with Koko through American Sign
Language. She began by teaching Koko the basic signs.(2).............. She suddenly started to create
her own signs by combining different signs for words she already knew and casually dropping them
into her 'sign conversations' with Patterson. For instance, when she wanted to signal 'ring', a word
she had not been taught yet. she signed bracelet' together with "finger'. Although this was not
traditional sign language, it made sense.
After some time of having only human company. Koko signed that she still felt lonely. So a
friend was found for her in the form of Michael, an orphaned gorilla from Cameroon.

(3) ........................They became inseparable. Although there were no plans to teach Michael to sign, he
had an aptitude for learning and was very willing. By the end of his first year, Michael had learnt
over twenty signs, some of which were even taught to him by Koko. Amazingly, the pair even
began to sign to each other.
When Koko reached adulthood, she communicated her desire to have a baby. Patterson's people
suggested Michael as a father but Koko surprisingly showed signs of human-like embarrassment,
explaining that she considered Michael to be more like a brother since they were raised together and
gorillas appear to have their own rules regarding matches. (4)….....Their friendship lasted for
twenty-four years so, naturally, when Koko was told of Michael's death from heart failure in 2000.
she showed signs of grief by crying, searching his rooms and signing his name repeatedly.
By the end of his life. Michael could sign six hundred phrases and understand one thousand
words spoken in English while Koko could sign and recognise twice as many. One particularly
memorable moment occurred when Koko was experiencing great pain. After signing to her
caregivers that she had a toothache, she was able to indicate her level of pain as being between nine
and ten on a pain level chart. (5)............After the painful tooth was removed she received a full
health check-up and thankfully was found to be in good shape.
Over the years, technology was used to enrich Koko's world. To provide her with a voice, she
was given a specially adapted computer and a screen on which she could make sentences. The
screen was housed in the floor of her enclosure and could withstand 900 kg of gorilla force.
(6)............She could switch the lights on and off when she wanted, for example. And in 1998. the
world watched in wonder as Dr Patterson conducted the world's first inter-species live web chat
with Koko.
 Although some are sceptical about Koko's true intelligence, it can not be denied that Koko has
challenged the world's stereotypical view of the angrily. blood-thirsty gorilla. (7)..............Its main
aim is to make people aware of the problems great apes face, both in captivity and in the wild, and
to save them from extinction.

A. It also allowed her to have a certain amount of control over her environment.
B. If only all animals could tell humans this kind of information.
C. Dr Patterson's initial project resulted in the setting up of The Gorilla Foundation.
D. However, it soon became clear that Koko was not only learning each sign, but also logically
adapting the sign language herself.
E. But in the beginning, Koko had difficulty adapting to her new environment.
F. As a result, they were destined to remain just good friends.
G. It was at this point that she knew she had found the perfect subject for her project.
H. At first they did not take to each other, but they started to get on and eventually formed a very
strong bond.
WRITING

Part 1 Summary

Conservation of Animals through Commerce

The safest way to hunt animals and still be a concerned animal activist is to help in the conservation
of animals through commerce. Conservation through commerce gives you the liberty of controlled
and high dollar hunts, whose proceeds again benefits animal conservation.This being one of the
logical and safe tools to simultaneously hunt for your necessity and still help conservation, has been
considered legal and effective in raising awareness of endangered animals and also help fund
solutions.Like other outdoor activities for food, some of us might prefer to hunt animals for food as
it provides a healthier and natural protein source than meat protein source than what is available
from the commercial food industry. There is nothing criminal about doing so if you abide by the
rules and regulations that have been set up for the conservation of our wildlife.In fact, studies show
that hunters and birdwatchers are more likely to engage in the conservation of animals than other
people. If we go back in time, we will see that hunting had been around even before man evolved.
Hence, it is not only difficult but also insensible to try to drive our hunting instincts away.

Human Consumption of Meat

Photo CreditHuman race all over the world consume animal meat, and it would be unfair and
illogical to demand change. In reality, millions of animals are killed every day to sustain human life,
and it is a natural process. In order to help conserve wildlife along with your hunting, you can fund
or donate for local conservation efforts, help enhance wildlife habitat on public lands, support
wildlife recreation and participate in local environmental groups.Human race all over the world
consume animal meat, and it would be unfair and illogical to demand change. In reality, millions of
animals are killed every day to sustain human life, and it is a natural process. In order to help
conserve wildlife along with your hunting, you can fund or donate for local conservation efforts,
help enhance wildlife habitat on public lands, support wildlife recreation and participate in local
environmental groups.So which are the animals you can legally hunt and what are the rules for
hunting them? The Game and Feral Animal Control Act, 2002 has set out a list of animals that can
be legally hunted. The species are categorized into two types and the rules for hunting the two are
differently laid out. The following animals can be legally hunted, as specified by the law.

Part 2: The bar chart shows the number of heat-related illnesses suffered by high school students per 100
000 sports events in central US states. The line graph shows the average temperatures for one year in a
central US state.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.

Part 3: The student who study from the school to university get benefit less and contribute
less too, than those of student who go to travel or job and get skills and experience before
going high. Do you agree or disagree?