Junta de Andalucía

Consejería de Educación y Deporte

Pruebas Específicas de Certificación 2019/2020

Comprensión de Textos Escritos
NIVEL C1 | IDIOMA

Apellidos: ............................................................................................................................................................
Nombre: ..............................................................................................................................................................
 Alumno/a OFICIAL del grupo: .......................................................................................................
Indica el nombre de tu profesor/a-tutor/a: ...........................................................................
 Alumno/a LIBRE.

INSTRUCCIONES
 Duración máxima: 75 minutos.
 Este prueba consta de tres tareas:
o En la Tarea 1 tendrás que identificar las ideas generales del texto.
o En la Tarea 2 tendrás que entender las ideas principales del texto.
o En la Tarea 3 tendrás que comprender los detalles importantes de un texto.
 En cada tarea obtendrás: 1 punto por cada respuesta correcta; 0 puntos por cada respuesta incorrecta
o no dada.
 Solo se admitirán respuestas escritas con bolígrafo azul o negro.
 Por favor, no escribas en los espacios sombreados destinados a la calificación de las tareas.

PUNTUACIÓN NOTA FINAL CALIFICACIÓN

 Superado
/ 26 / 10  No Superado
 Junta de Andalucía Pruebas Específicas de Certificación 2019/2020

TASK 1
Read the text on how to overcome entrepreneurial anxiety and choose one of the headings A-H as
a title for each of the paragraphs 1-6. There are two headings that you DO NOT need to use. Item
0 is an example. You will get 1 point per correct answer.
HOW TO OVERCOME ENTREPRENEURIAL ANXIETY, BANISH STRESS, AND CRUSH YOUR GOALS

'Unstoppable' author Craig Ballantyne outlines habits that will help you beat anxiety, refocus, and excel.

In 2006, 30-year-old self-confessed “know-it-all” Craig Ballantyne checked into the emergency room of
Toronto General Hospital with “heart attack” symptoms — twice. In reality, the hard-charging
entrepreneur was suffering debilitating anxiety attacks triggered by his lifestyle. More than 40 million
people suffer from some type of anxiety. In his book Unstoppable, Ballantyne outlines coping strategies
to beat anxiety and become a consistently high performer.
[0]
Ballantyne sends cards to friends, family, and colleagues every day. He estimates it costs him over $1,000
a year in materials, writing time, and postage. “As I put each card in the mailbox, I say ‘thank you’ out
loud. Start with sending one card each week. This small habit might be the therapy missing from your
life.”
[1]
Ballantyne recommends making a list of all the people in your life and next to each name putting a
positive mark if the person reduces your anxiety, or a negative mark if the person increases it. Then list
the 10 people you spend the most time with alongside your top five goals and values. Are the lists
congruent?
“My business partner, Bedros Keuilian, has nearly 100 blocked numbers on his phone,” says Ballantyne.
“That may sound harsh, but the result is he doesn’t lose precious minutes dealing with ‘energy vampires,’
negative people, and gossips. “Un-follow, de-friend, mute, or block any negative influence on social
media,” he adds.
[2]
Ballantyne says that entrepreneurs crave freedom, but having complete autonomy can lead to bad time-
management decisions that add to your stress.
“Go to sleep and get up at the same time every day, seven days a week,” says Ballantyne. “And never hit
the snooze button. As my friend Bedros says, when you choose to snooze, you’re telling your hopes and
dreams that they can wait. “Next, read or listen to something positive. Then get stuff done (GSD) on your
most important task (MIT) before even looking at email or social media. If you focus on other people’s
urgent requests or ‘emergencies,’ you will never achieve your own goals. “After a productive day, plan
your next day. Begin with a 10-minute brain dump, prioritizing everything from most to least important.
Remember: if you’re making a to-do list in the morning, you’re already too late!”
[3]
“Self-reflection is one of the best tools to identify ‘cause and effect’ connections between your behaviors
and problems,” says Ballantyne. “One hour before bed, review your day. Ask yourself, ‘Why was I so
anxious?’ Maybe it was too much caffeine. Perhaps the glass of wine you drank the night before to ‘relax’
actually interrupted your sleep and made you wake up late. Maybe checking email or social media first
thing threw you into a reactive mode and sucked one hour from your day.”
 Junta de Andalucía Pruebas Específicas de Certificación 2019/2020

[4]
Avoid “comparison syndrome,” when you believe you need to follow what others do. Ballantyne learned
this the hard way, losing over $250,000. At the time, his business focused on health and fitness. Many of
his competitors offered free cookbooks to customers for a small shipping and handling fee; so, he
partnered with a chef and hired five people to produce a book. It took him 12 months to realize the
project didn’t suit with his values, mission, and goals (he didn’t even like cooking!). “I cut my losses and
laid off five people in one day. It was the worst day of my career,” recalls Ballantyne. “Your peers may
join in your binge drinking or praise the long hours you put in at work,” he says. “But those behaviors
are pulling you away from higher priorities — such as dating or having a family.”
[5]
“Hard-working entrepreneurs, especially those from humble beginnings, think they have to do everything
themselves,” says Ballantyne. “You can’t get rich doing $10-an-hour jobs like laundry, administrative tasks,
and meal prep yourself. Make the short-term investment of hiring and training someone to help. You’re
not living in the same era as your parents, who did everything themselves. You have permission to let
go of the guilt and focus on what matters.”
[6]
“Run opportunities through the filter of your values,” recommends Ballantyne. “For example, if your family
is your top priority, set a boundary that you don’t work or travel for business on Sundays, or commit to
a ‘device-free family day’ to be fully present with your loved ones.”

Source: entrepreneur.com

. ANSWER

A. Get outside.

B. Keep space for you and yours.

C. Talk to someone.

D. Delegate.

E. Structure your day.

F. Be your own person.

G. Get rid of your anxiety triggers.

H. Have daily introspection.

I. Take time to thank others. 0 

MARK /6
 Junta de Andalucía Pruebas Específicas de Certificación 2019/2020

TASK 2
Read the following text and answer the questions on page 7.

PROTECTING OURSELVES FROM FAKE NEWS: FACT-CHECKERS AND THEIR LIMITATIONS

Accompanying the increasing amount of fake news and misinformation online, there are
numerous platforms on the web for authentication, verification, [ 0 ] . The systems themselves
are very useful. The limitations in their effectiveness in helping [ 1 ] , and the section of our
website on cognitive biases explains a lot about why people don’t take advantage of fact-
checking systems. Nevertheless, many efforts have in fact been made and strategies have
developed to assist us in distinguishing false information from the truth.
News Agencies’ Fact-checking Reports
We can easily turn to reputable news media outlets that produce fact-check reports on a regular
basis. Fact-checking reports have recently increased in the major news outlets, such as the
Washington Post, New York Times, and CNN. They can be used to monitor or verify statements
made by the politicians. Some researchers suggest that simply knowing that such tools exist
constrains on politicians from making false claims, and pressures them to make statements more
cautiously. Most fact-checking news agencies contact politicians [ 2 ] (although President Trump
never directly responded to these inquiries).
Some fact-checking outlets provide “true or false” ratings for statements made by politicians.
Fact Checker, by the Washington Post, for example, indicates [ 3 ] . Awarding “Geppetto
Checkmark,” for example, suggests that a statement is true. “One Pinocchio” means mostly true.
“Two Pinocchios” indicates half true. “Three Pinocchios” means mostly false, and “Four
Pinocchios” means absolutely false.
Independent Fact-Checking Resources
Other fact-checking sites are independent from traditional news media outlets, and are solely
dedicated to professional fact-check services. Politifact, for example, rates statements as “True,”
“Mostly True,” “Half True,” “Mostly False,” and “False.” Such sites are selective in terms of what
statements to verify based on [ 4 ] .
Other fact-checking sites focus on providing additional information and context to politicians’
statements, to help readers make their own judgments about the validity of those statements.
FactCheck.org doesn't rate politicians’ statements by true or false, but [ 5 ] and lets you decide
whether they are true or false. You can also submit inquiries directly to the site about various
topics including political policies, rulings, and rumors related to other societal issues.
FactCheck.org then posts answers to readers’ questions if they are verifiable and fact-based.
Resources for Journalists, Fact Checkers, and Policy Makers
Various database resources have become available for news agencies, fact-checking
organizations, and policy makers to help effectively address the spread of false information and
fake news. CREDBANK, a dataset of tweets, for example, [ 6 ] . TwitterTrails and RumorLense also
help researchers visualize and track the spread of rumors online. The Hoaxy system is also well
 Junta de Andalucía Pruebas Específicas de Certificación 2019/2020

known for assisting researchers and other experts in tracking how particular misinformation and
false contents spread over a social network online. The system works on the basis of the data it
has been collecting since June 2016 in relation to the spread of misinformation throughout
public Twitter streams.
Shortcomings and Concerns
Despite the presence of a variety of professional fact-checking sites and tools, [ 7 ] . The sites
may not be as reliable or credible as expected, because of the lack of consistency and coherence
among different fact-checking sites. For example, Fact Checker and Politifact rarely check the
same statements, and even when they do check the same statements, they often don’t agree
with one another. [ 8 ] and even compel them not to reconsider their preexisting perceptions of
a story’s truthfulness.
Fact checkers also often fail to penetrate the network of misinformation and remain at the
periphery of networks online. For example, previous research found that only a small portion of
the Tweets in misinformation networks shared links to fact-checking contents. This means that
fact-checking sites, in reality, [ 9 ] . It may be more difficult than we think for us to escape our
dense misinformation networks.
Suggestions
So when should we check for facts? We don’t expect everybody to verify everything they read.
But we strongly recommend that you fact-check before you share, like, or comment on a news
item, in social media. It’s important to get into a habit of fact-checking, [ 1 0 ] . When people
articulate opinion based on something they claim is real or is a fact, it would be a good idea to
check how real it is. You should question the reliability of facts even when people you know and
like provided them in their own good faith. Given the diversity of resources, reports, sites, and
systems available for us to verify information, it’s also important to spend enough time weighing
one information source against another and develop sufficient insight that will assist you in
preventing the spread of fake news in the future.
Source: https://www.cits.ucsb.edu/
 Junta de Andalucía Pruebas Específicas de Certificación 2019/2020

TAREA 3
Read the following text and answer the questions on pages 8 and 9.

DEMOCRATIC 2020 CANDIDATES ROLL UP TO SUPPORT MARIJUANA LEGALISATION

There was a time when it was taboo for presidential candidates to talk about marijuana. Bill Clinton said
he smoked but “didn’t inhale”. Barack Obama said he did inhale and even did some cocaine in his youth
– “maybe a little blow” – but said the drug use was “reflective of the struggles and confusion of a teenage
boy”. As presidents, both continued the “war on drugs” and upheld the prohibition of marijuana.

Times have changed. Last month, the California senator Kamala Harris was unrepentant and giggling as
she told a New York radio show she smoked pot as a student. Asked if she supported legalisation, she
said: “Half my family’s from Jamaica. Are you kidding me?”

Among 2020 candidates, marijuana legalisation is a mainstream issue. Among Democrats, nearly all have
expressed at least some degree of support. Even Donald Trump’s lone Republican challenger, the former
Massachusetts governor Bill Weld, supports it. Advocates are optimistic that the 2020 election could help
bring an end to the federal prohibition of the drug.

“The support for marijuana legalisation has quickly become a litmus test in the 2020 Democratic primary,”
said Erik Altieri, executive director of the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (Norml).
“With the upcoming primary, it is also clear that support for prohibition is ultimately disqualifying with
the Democratic electorate – and with the American electorate generally.”

Since 2012, 10 states and the District of Columbia have legalised recreational use. More appear to be on
the path to legalisation, which, according to a Pew Research Center poll last year, 62% of Americans
support. That poll also found nearly seven in 10 Democrats to be supportive, as were 49% of Republicans
and 75% of independents.

“No matter where [voters] are on the issue, they can read the polls,” said Don Murphy, director of federal
policy at the pro-legalisation Marijuana Policy Project (MPP) and a Republican national convention
delegate for Maryland in 2016.

But according to the federal Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), marijuana remains a schedule 1
drug. That puts it on par with heroin or LSD, characterized as a substance with no accepted medical use
and a “high potential for abuse”.

Among Democratic candidates, the New Jersey senator Cory Booker has been seen as a leading pro-
legalisation voice. Late last month, he reintroduced legislation that would in effect legalise marijuana at
the federal level. His Marijuana Justice Act would take cannabis off the DEA schedule of controlled
substances, punish states that do not legalise it by withholding some federal funds, clear records for
federal marijuana offenses and invest in communities affected by the “war on drugs”.

Some still considering a run have not come out for legalisation. The former vice-president Joe Biden, for
example, has said legalisation would be a “mistake” and called marijuana a “gateway drug”. But in a party
 Junta de Andalucía Pruebas Específicas de Certificación 2019/2020

where marijuana legalisation increasingly looks like a part of the platform, continued opposition could
hurt his chances.

“I don’t know how you survive a Democratic primary if you’re on the wrong side of this,” said Murphy.

If Biden reversed course, he would not be the only candidate to do so. As San Francisco district attorney,
in 2010, Harris opposed legalising marijuana in California, saying it would encourage high drivers and
workplace drug use. Now in favour of legalisation, she says marijuana “gives a lot of people joy”.

Warren was against legalisation in 2012, but has said she voted to legalise it in Massachusetts in a 2016
referendum. She has pushed for additional reform and last year introduced a bipartisan bill that would
protect states that legalise marijuana from federal prohibition of the drug.

“I can’t help but look through some of their records and wonder if this isn’t a position of convenience,”
said Murphy. “Nothing improves the record of a Democrat on drug policy reform like a contested
primary.”

John Hudak, author of Marijuana: A Short History and a policy expert with the Brookings Institution, said
criticisms of candidates changing views were unfair.

“It feels a lot to me like the criticisms that were being lobbed at candidates over their evolution of same-
sex marriage,” he said. “There were a lot of Americans 20 years ago who did not support cannabis
legalisation. To criticise a candidate for having a position 20 years ago that the average voter had 20
years ago is a non-starter.”

While Hudak said candidates coming to support legalisation after opposing it was not too damaging, it
was probably not enough to simply say they support legalisation.

“What I do think could be a campaign-ending liability is a Democratic primary candidate who can’t talk
about legalisation in a way that connects with the party, particularly when that conversation leads into
questions over criminal justice, racial justice and economic inequality,” he said.

If a pro-pot candidate is elected president, could they actually legalise marijuana?

“It would be hard to overstate the importance of having someone in the White House who used their
bully pulpit to advance this kind of legislation that would de-schedule marijuana and allow for states to
support setting their own policies on it,” said Altieri, of Norml.

“Never before have we had that in any president, much less, really, in a presidential candidate.”

Congress would be the ideal path towards legalisation, however, and that could be tricky for a Democrat
if Republicans retain control of the Senate.
Source: www.the guardian.com
 Junta de Andalucía Pruebas Específicas de Certificación 2019/2020

TASK 2
Read the text about fake news on pages 3 and 4, and fill the gaps with sentences A-K. The capital
letters and punctuation have been eliminated in the statements. Item 0 is an example. You will get
1 point per correct answer.
. ANSWER

A. there still are shortcomings and concerns

B. rather provides detailed evidence for or against the statements

C. to clarify or correct their inaccurate statements

D. given the cognitive biases that make us receptive to fake news

whether the statements are newsworthy and are rooted in facts that are
E.
verifiable

F. may not be as accessible to the public online as they are expected to be

G. or fact-checking the truthfulness of news stories 0 

H. if a statement made by a politician is true

I. this may confuse people even further

J. helps researchers who study misinformation by providing credibility annotations

K. dispel fake news seem to come from their being under-used

MARK / 10
 Junta de Andalucía Pruebas Específicas de Certificación 2019/2020

TAREA 3
Read the text about the American elections and the legalisation of marijuana on pages 5 and 6, and
choose the best option (A, B, C or D) to complete each sentence. Write your answer in the box
provided. Only one of the answers is correct. The first one (0) is an example. You will get 1 point
per correct answer.
RESPUESTA
0. In their youth, presidential candidates…

D
A. were supportive of marijuana legislation.
B. experienced with drugs while in the election run.
C. encouraged banning marijuana in the USA.

D. had random goes at marijuana.
.

1. Marijuana legislation is believed to…

A. be a primary concern among all politicians.
B. be backed up by part of the voters.
C. have an expiration date.
D. be supported by most Democratic candidates.
2. According to Erik Altieri, prohibition in the primary elections…
A. will be supported by the Democratic electorate.
B. might not be supported by some American electorate.
C. will not be supported by the overall electorate.
D. will be supported by Republicans.
3. According to the DEA, evidence of the perils of marijuana are found…
A. in the percentage of people who are against legalization.
B. in its tight resemblance to other hard drugs.
C. in the fact that it is not prescribed by doctors.
D. in how easily people get hooked on it.
4. The Act introduced by a New Jersey senator would lead to…
A. the immediate prohibition of marijuana in the whole country.
B. announcing subsidies for some vulnerable areas.
C. the DEA taking control of the distribution of cannabis.
D. taking marijuana offenders to the federal court.
5. According to the article, those still in favour of prohibition…
A. might see their possibilities of winning the election decreased.
B. probably despise other Democratic candidates’ ideas.
C. have the highest chance of winnning the primary elections.
D. are encouraged by the drug’s trendy nature.
6. Some Democratic candidates…
A. are actively working for legalization in the whole country.
B. have decided to support legalization due to its multiple benefits.
C. believe legalization will prevent car accidents.
D. are decreasingly switching sides.
7. Democratic candidates who have changed their views about marijuana legalization…
A. have substantially gained ground in the general elections.
B. are the same ones who supported same-sex marriage in the past.
C. are being reprimanded for their decision.
D. do a disservice to the genuine legislation supporters.
8. According to John Hudak, not sharing views about legislation within the Democratic
party…
A. could precipitate bad results in the election.
B. could affect regulations on urgent social issues.
C. might cause the candidacy to fail.
D. might raise injustice and discrimination if the candidate is elected.
 Junta de Andalucía Pruebas Específicas de Certificación 2019/2020

9. Having a pro-pot president…

A. would imply a strong pressure for legalization.
B. has been disappointing in the past.
C. would mean that the states would not be able to set their own policies.
D. would not make any difference.
10. Should the pro-legalization Democrats get to Congress…
A. they might be given the green light to legalization in the long run.
B. they could easily pass a legalization bill, despite the opposition of the Republicans.
C. they will have to confront a difficult situation.
D. Republicans could lose control of the Senate.

MARK / 10