Sensasi dan

Persepsi
Ergonomi Kualitatif Part 1
Basic Priciples
•The process of
receiving stimulus
Sensation energies from the
external environment

•The process of
transforming physical
energy into
Transduction electrochemical
energy (action
potential)

• The process of
organizing and
Perception interpreting
sensory
information
 The Process….

Bottom-Up
Processing
Perception Top-Down
Processing

• Initiated by • Initiated by
sensory cognitive
input processing
• sensation  • perception
perception
Sensation  sensation
 Sensation
• Sensory Receptors
• Specialized cells that detect and transmit sensory
information to the brain
• These cells respond selectively to stimulation
• Cells send signals via distinct neural pathways
 Sensory Thresholds

Psychophysics Absolute Noise Difference Weber’s Law

• The field that Threshold • Irrelevant and Thresholds • Two stimuli must
studies the link • The minimum competing stimuli • Just Noticeable differ by a constant
between sensation amount of energy an Difference (JND) minimum
and perception organism can detect • How much stimulus percentage (not a
50% of the time change is necessary constant amount) to
for detection? be perceived as
different
• The JND increases
with stimulus
magnitude
Strickland, B. R. (2001). The gale encyclopedia psychology second ed. Detroit: Gale Group
Signal Detection Theory
 Factor Affecting Perception

Attention

Stroop Effect

Sensory Adaptation
 Attention

Selective Attention
Cocktail Party Effect
Novelty, Size, Color, Movement
Stroop Effect
Stroop Effect
Sensory Adaptation

VS
 Intersection:
Ethnicity and Perception

Ethnicity and
perceptual errors
Do expectations • Reactions influenced
not by personal
influence prejudice but by
perception? knowledge of cultural
• Harmless objects or stereotypes
deadly weapons?
Visual Processing
 Three Types of
Receptors
Color Vision • Green, red, and blue
cones
Theories:
Trichromatic
Theory Color Blindness
• One or more cone types
is inoperative
• Dichromats – only two
kinds of cones
 Color Vision Theories:
After Images
Sensation remains
after a stimulus is
removed

Opponent Process
Theory
• Complementary color pairs
• Red-green; blue-yellow
 Visual Perception

Dimensions
• Shape: Figure-ground
Organizing and relationship
interpreting visual • Depth
• Motion
signals
• Constancy
 Visual Perception: Shape
Gestalt Psychology
Gestalt Psychology
Gestalt Principles
Perceptions are naturally
organized according to certain Figure-ground relationship
patterns
Closure
Whole is different from the
sum of the parts Proximity
Similarity
Figure-ground Relationship
Visual Perception: Depth
Visual Perception: Motion
Visual Perception: Motion
 Visual Perception: Constancy
the ability
to recognize
objects even
as their
size, shape,
color, or
orientation
change
 Visual Perception: Illusion
• Discrepancy between reality and perception
• Incorrect, but not abnormal perceptions

Illusion
• Müller-Lyer illusion
• Horizontal-vertical illusion

Example • Ponzo illusion

• Moon illusion
• Devil’s tuning fork
Müller-Lyer Illusion

26
Horizontal-Vertical Illusion

27
Ponzo Illusion

28
Moon Illusion

29
Devil’s Tuning Fork

30
Thank You