Organizational Behavior Across Cultures

multinational organizations- one that has business offices and operations in two or more countries in
the world.

Social Conditions

Kakulangan sa employees, less skills = poor performance

Legal and Ethical Conditions

Bribery- to retain business. It is important for organizations to have a clear understanding of the legal
and ethical conditions of the countries or regions they operate in, as well as the cultural norms and
values of their employees. This can help ensure that the organization is operating within legal and ethical
boundaries while also promoting a positive work environment for employees.

Political Conditions

Instability of government- struggles, conflicts

Nationalism- can lead to a desire for self-determination and independence from foreign powers.

The following conditions can either make or break an organization. They can restrain advanced
technology and sophisticated organizational systems, it is important for organizations to have a clear
understanding of these conditions.

Individual Differences

Individualism/Collectivism

Individualism

 work on tasks independently or with minimal guidance and supervision.

 Employees may be recognized for their unique qualities, competencies, and specific
contributions.
 Employees may feel that they have the liberty to inject their personal qualities into their work.

Collectivism

 The primary focus is on the greater good of the organization or at least that of the team.
 The values that matter most are those that foster strong group dynamics, such as teamwork,
cooperation, collaboration, communication, honesty, empathy, and emotional intelligence.
 the whole team receives recognition and incentives.

Power Distance

Power distance refers to the extent to which people in a company view inequality and accept the
hierarchy of power and authority.
Employees may be afraid to express disagreement with their managers. Leadership positions may be
created based on seniority or tenure rather than merit. Employees may be expected to follow orders
without questioning them.

Uncertainty Avoidance

behaves in strict manners and has less inclination toward change. They may also be less likely to take
risks or try new things.

Masculinity/ Femininity

Masculinity

The values that matter most are those that foster strong individual performance, such as ambition,
decisiveness, and self-confidence.

Employees may be more likely to prioritize individual goals over group goals.

Femininity

The primary focus is on the greater good of the organization or at least that of the team.

The values that matter most are those that foster strong group dynamics, such as teamwork,
communication, empathy, and emotional intelligence.

Multiculturalism

High –context cultures- communication is often indirect and relies on implicit cues such as body
language and tone of voice. nonverbal cues such as facial expressions and body language.

Low-context cultures- communication is often direct and straightforward, with people valuing efficiency
and getting straight to the point. Meetings are often structured, and agendas are followed closely.
Business conversations are concise, and people tend to use fewer words to convey their message.

Parochialism- people have a narrow, self-centered view of the world and refuse to recognize any point of
view other than their own.

Ethnocentrism- can lead to a lack of understanding and appreciation for other cultures, which can
negatively impact communication, collaboration, and productivity.

Cultural Distance- when employees from different cultures work together on a project. In such cases,
cultural differences can impact the way people communicate, collaborate, and make decisions.

Culture Shock- It can lead to decreased productivity, increased turnover, and decreased job satisfaction.

Overcoming barriers to cultural adaption

Careful Selection- Selection is an important process because hiring good resources can help increase the
overall performance of the organization.
Compatible Adjustment- degree of fit between an employee and their job, work group, and organization.
It can lead to better job satisfaction, performance, and retention.

Pre-departure Training- includes training in hard and soft skills as well as cultural awareness to prepare
candidates for life in another country.

Orientation and support in new country- to help them adjust to their new environment.