MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

MIT POLYTECHNIC PUNE

MICRO PROJECT

TOPIC: Vehicular Pollution Impact on

Environment

Program: Information technology

Program Code: IF6I

Course: Management
Course Code: 22509

Name of Guide: Prof.Pradeep Paygude.

 Certificate

This is to certify that this micro project report titled ‘Vehicular Pollution Impact on Environment’ is
the bonafide work of Ms.Avantika Bhatgave of third year diploma in Information technology for the
course ‘ Management ’ Course code: 22509 during the academic year 2024- 2025, who carried out the
micro project work under my supervision.

Place: Pune. Enrollment no: 2101480039

Date: Exam Seat No.:

subject teacher Head of Department Principal

(Prof.Pradeep Paygude) (Prof.Mrunal Fatangare) (Prof.Dr.R.S.Kale)

 Certificate

This is to certify that this micro project report titled ‘Vehicular Pollution Impact on Environment’ is
the bonafide work of Ms.Prachi Nimbalkar of third year diploma in Information technology for the
course ‘Management ’ Course code: 22509 during the academic year 2024- 2025, who carried out the
micro project work under my supervision.

Place: Pune. Enrollment no: 2101480046

Date: Exam Seat No.:

Subject Teacher Head of Department Principal

(Prof.Pradeep Paygude) (Prof.Mrunal Fatangare) (Prof.Dr.R.S.Kale)
 Certificate

This is to certify that this micro project report titled ‘Vehicular Pollution Impact on Environment’ is
the bonafide work of Mr.Vaibhav Tadke of third year diploma in Information technology for the course
‘ Management ’ Course code: 22509 during the academic year 2024- 2025, who carried out the micro
project work under my supervision.

Place: Pune. Enrollment no: 2101480065

Date: Exam Seat No.:

Subject Teacher Head of Department Principal

(Prof.Pradeep Paygude) (Prof.Mrunal Fatangare) (Prof.Dr.R.S.Kale)

 Certificate
This is to certify that this micro project report titled ‘Vehicular Pollution Impact on Environment’ is
the bonafide work of Ms.Vishakha Poojari of third year diploma in Information technology for the
course ‘ Management ’ Course code: 22509 during the academic year 2024-2025, who carried out the
micro project work under my supervision.

Place: Pune. Enrollment no: 2101480080

Date: Exam Seat No.:

Subject Teacher Head of Department Principal

(Prof.Pradeep Paygude) (Prof.Mrunal Fatangare) (Prof.Dr.R.S.Kale)

 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Student/Group Details (if group is applicable):

SR NAME ROLL NO. ENROLLMENT NO. SEAT

NO. NO.

1 Avantika Bhatgave 04 2101480039

2 Prachi Nimbalkar 10 2101480046

3 Vaibhav Tadke 26 2101480065

4 Vishakha Poojari 39 2101480080

Name of Guide: Prof. Pradeep Paygude

 ACKNOWLEDGEMEMT

It is with profoundly sense of gratitude that we acknowledge from our

guide Mr.Pradeep Paygude . He has been guide in the true sense of word, a guide who
satisfaction from our word & progress.

We are highly obliged to Mrs. Mrunal Fatangare. .Head of Information Technology

for aberrance &good co-operation given to us for bringing this project to almost standard.
We are grateful to our principal Dr. Rohini Kale for proceeding acknowledgement to
us in the connection of this project concluding. We appreciate the assistance of all staff that
helps us in for their sincere & obliging help to make our project successfully.
 Annexure - I
Part A-Micro project proposal

1. BRIEF INTRODUCTION:

This report provides individual case studies of workplace health and safety systems in
ten New Zealand organizations. The case studies were completed on contract to the
Independent Taskforce on Workplace Health and Safety1. The case studies aim to
illustrate: • the nature of health and safety systems operating in NZ workplaces • how
health and safety representatives operate in workplaces and how managers and
employees interact with regard to health and safety • how these systems and processes
are influenced by the size of the workplace, nature of industry and organizational form.
An outline of the methodology used to conduct the case studies is provided below,
followed by the case study reports.

AIM OF THE PROJECT:

The project entitled “Safety management and its application with case studies” is aimed
at providing safety to the workers in organization or industry.

2. INTENTED COURSE OUTCOME:

1 Use basic management principles to execute daily activities.

2 Use principles of planning and organizing for accomplishment of tasks.
3 Use principles of directing and controlling for implementing the plans.

3. LITERATURE REVIEW:
Accidents and disasters in any area of life raise urgent questions about why and how they
happened. There are usually two key concerns: to find out who, if anyone, is to blame
and to learn lessons to avoid a repeat of the incident. Child welfare services have been no
exception to this response, especially in the UK, US, Canada, Australia and New
Zealand. When children die or there are other adverse outcomes, inquiries have been
conducted to examine the services offered to the families and to learn lessons to improve
practice. Some recommendations from these inquiries have been highly influential in
shaping the development of child welfare practice. One of the earliest carried out in the
UK was the
 Dennis O’Neil inquiry in 1945 (Home Office, 1945) . This revealed the inadequate
standard of assessment and supervision of the foster home in which Dennis was placed
and subsequently killed, but also reported that such low standards were prevalent.

Safety management
 The main purpose of a safety management system is to provide a systematic approach for
managing safety risks in operations. SMS also aims to improve safety by building on
existing processes, demonstrating corporate due diligence, and reinforcing overall safety
culture.

4. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY:

The following points summarize the nature of safety management.

Questionnaire survey was conducted among site engineers to identify their

opinion towards safety management in construction industry. Survey done
through questionnaires. Based on the survey, various factors were selected.
The case study was conducted by developing a questionnaire and collecting
the responses from construction firms. For the survey questionnaires was
gathered to identify the critical factors. The methodology of the study is as
presented. The questionnaire was prepared and sent to three main individuals
responsible for the project (Contractor, Client and Consultant) and the effect
of each factor has been evaluated by adopting a five-point Likert scale of 1 to
5 (1 = Strongly Agree; 2 = Agree; 3 = Neutral; 4 = Disagree; and 5 = Strongly
Disagree;). The questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the
importance of critical success factors for safety management which was
observed by contractors, clients and consultants working within Construction
Industry. In this paper, factor analysis was used to identify the critical
success factor for safety management in construction industry.

5.RESOURCES REQUIRED:

Name of Resource
Sr . No. Specification
Required
1 Laptop Intel (R) Core 5 - 8GB RAM
2 Operating system Windows 11
3 Software Word
7. ACTION PLAN:

SR.NO. DETAIL OF ACTIVITY WEEK

1 Discussion and finalization of topic 1st

2 Preparation and submission of Abstract 2nd

3 Literature Review 3rd

4 Collection of Data 4th

5 Discussion and outline of Content 5th
6 Editing and proof Reading of Content 6th
7 Compilation of Report and Presentation 7th

8 Final submission of Micro Project 8th

GROUP MEMBERS:

Roll. No. Name of group members

04 Avantika Bhatgave
11 Prachi Nimbalkar
26 Vaibhav Tadke
39 Vishakha Poojari
 Annexure II
Part B- Micro-Project
1 Rationale
The case studies were completed on contract to the Independent Taskforce on
Workplace Health and Safety1. The case studies aim to illustrate: • the nature of
health and safety systems operating in NZ workplaces • how health and safety
representatives operate in workplaces and how managers and employees interact with
regard to health and safety • how these systems and processes are influenced by the
size of the workplace, nature of industry and organizational form. An outline of the
methodology used to conduct the case studies is provided below, followed by the
case study reports.

2 Course Outcome Addressed

 Use basic management principles to execute daily activities.
 Use principles of planning and organizing for accomplishment of tasks.
 Use principles of directing and controlling for implementing the plans.

3 Literature Review
Accidents and disasters in any area of life raise urgent questions about why and how
they happened. There are usually two key concerns: to find out who, if anyone, is to
blame and to learn lessons to avoid a repeat of the incident. Child welfare services
have been no exception to this response, especially in the UK, US, Canada, Australia
and New Zealand. When children die or there are other adverse outcomes, inquiries
have been conducted to examine the services offered to the families and to learn
lessons to improve practice. Some recommendations from these inquiries have been
highly influential in shaping the development of child welfare practice. One of the
earliest carried out in the UK was the Dennis O’Neil inquiry in 1945 (Home Office,
1945) . This revealed the inadequate standard of assessment and supervision of the
foster home in which Dennis was placed and subsequently killed, but also reported
that such low standards were prevalent.

4.Actual Method Followed

The process for this micro project is to make a power point presentation showing safety
management. We collect information and organize by following points:
1. Collect the information on safety management.
2. Collect the information on charging station.
 3. Show the information to faculty.
4. Learn about safety management.
5. First make a raw report and then correct it.
6. After all the corrections make a proposal.
7. Then prepare a report on safety management and its application case studies.
8. Make a power point presentation on the safety management.
9. Make pdf of report and print it.
10. We learn more about business.

4 Actual Resources Used

Name of Resource
Sr.No. Specification
Required
1 Book Entrepreneurship
Development
2 Book Reading Material of
Entrepreneurship Awareness
Camp
3 Website https://www.indiastudychanne
l.com/resources/180306-howto-start-an-ev-
chargingstation-business-in-india

Skill Developed /Learning out of this Micro-Project

Group Discussion.
 Team Work.
 Team Management
 ANNEXURE III
Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project

Academic Year: 2024-2025 Name of the Faculty: Mr. Pradeep Paygude

Course: TYIF Course Code: 22509
Semester: Sixth

Title of the project: Safety management and its applications with case studies

COs addressed by Micro Project:

S. No Course Outcomes
A Use basic management principles to execute daily activities
B Use principles of planning and organizing for accomplishment of
tasks.
C Use principles of directing and controlling for implementing the plans.
D
E

Major learning outcomes achieved by students by doing the project

(a) Practical outcome:

(b) Unit outcomes in Cognitive domain:

1) Explain functions of management for given situation.

(c) Outcomes in Affective domain:

1) Function as team member
2) Follow Ethics
Comments/suggestions about team work /leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Marks out of 6 Marks out of 4
Roll for performance for performance
No Name of the Student in group activity in oral/ Total Marks
(D5 Col.8) presentation out of 10
(D5 Col.9)
04 Avantika Bhatgave
11 Prachi Nimbalkar
26 Vaibhav Tadke
39 Vishakha Poojari

(Name & Signature

 Safety Management And It's Application With Case Studies

ABSTRACT
The development of the construction industry depends on increasing the safety
performance. It focuses mainly on the implementation of safety management in
construction projects. It was carried out by conducting questionnaire survey among
the contractors and engineers of various construction projects for knowing the level of
safety in their projects. The survey will include information on safety such as
procedures, training and materials for safety practices, management reviews on
applying safety practices, safety incentives and penalties, safety approaches. The
survey involves a designed questionnaire and case study on safety management. The
survey tell different control measures and their rate of usage on building projects. The
survey depends on the types of accidents on building projects and their control
measures for prevent in accidents or for minimizing the accidents. Questionnaire
survey has been analyzed using SPSS software. The results of the study revealed that
there are many safety problems in the construction industry, such as lack of
knowledge about safety measures and materials which protect from safety hazardous
or damages.

1. INTRODUCTION
Construction industries are the most dangerous due to its working nature which has higher
rate of injury than most other industries . Construction accidents cause many human injuries,
lack of motivation among workers, work interruption, delay in progress which affect the cost,
productivity, and reputation. Expenses, such as medical costs, increased worker’s
compensation insurance and property damage . For these reasons, safety in the construction
industry is very important. The Major concern of Safety in construction industries is
preventing injuries and illness of worker’s .the accidents and hazards in construction sites can
be controlled and prevented by the usage of safety programs in order to reduce accident rates.
However, in developing countries, an effort must be made to raise the level of awareness,
among both employees and employers, of the importance of safety at work sites . Safety must
be the number one priority for the construction team. The construction team includes the
owner, architect/engineer, general contractor, construction manager, subcontractors and
suppliers. It is the construction team’s responsibility to ensure that the project is completed
safely with quality and economy .Good safety programs would certainly help in reducing
injuries at construction sites and also to minimize construction costs, increase productivity
and profitability and more importantly it could save lives of workers and consequently
contribute positively to the construction industry and the nation as a whole.

2.BACKGROUND AND LITEATURE REVIEW

Major Accident caused at construction sites is workers falling from high occurring primarily
on new construction projects of commercial buildings and residential projects of reasonably
low construction cost. The combination of quality and safety achieved for better resource
management and utilization. Safety is preventing or avoiding any hazardous, loss, accidents
in the site . safety rules and regulations need to be implemented not only to overcome issues
like poor quality work, unsafe working conditions, and lack of environmental control but also
reduce cost and enhance productivity .Every construction site has unique safety policy. safety
policies can be varied depend on the projects taken and the type of projects in construction
site .Larger construction projects are better organized whereas small to medium firms do not
have an adequate safety program to see safety criteria needed for construction site. An

organization will setup the safety departments to communicate the safety instruction and
motivates to adopt safety practices. An organization should give proper work environment i.e.
to provide safety equipment’s / materials. For controlling the unsafe practices ,the site
manager has to understand the importance of safety and also has follow the safety norms and
also keep informing about safety measures to the employee. The arrange safety training to the
employees.
Safety management is essential for the desired changes in construction industries. It helps
employee to get basic knowledge about hazardous , precautions to be taken ,and use of tools
and equipment’s for safety which is to achieve quality and profit in the construction project .
Safety management has to prepare a safety manual for the organization. There are only two
safety performance measures which are applied for the construction sector as a whole; a
frequency measure and a severity measure .The frequency measure is based on the number
of accidents. A severity measure is based on the number of lost days. To improve safety
performance, initiate and maintain an organizational setup, safety department, committees
and field procedures. Safety climate refers to observations of policies, procedures and
practices relating to safety in the work place which is used to evaluate through determination
of safety climate that would enhance safety culture and positively impact safety performance
on construction sites. Prioritizing and valuing safety is to increase safety performance and
decrease employee injuries . An individual safety behavior influences and transfers positve
safety performance termed as effective way.
Safety would improve safety culture and give positive impact on safety performance on
construction projects. A safety climate questionnaire survey was conducted on the
construction sites of a leading construction company and its subcontractors. Based on survey,
two principal components were established management commitment, employee involvement
and inappropriate safety procedure and work practices.

3.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Questionnaire survey was conducted among site enginners to identify their opinion towards
safety management in construction industry. Survey done through questionnaires. Based on
the survey, various factors were selected. The case study was conducted by developing a
questionnaire and collecting the responses from construction firms. For the survey
questionnaires was gathered to identify the critical factors. The methodology of the study is
as presented. The questionnaire was prepared and sent to three main individuals responsible
for the project (Contractor, Client and Consultant) and the effect of each factor has been
evaluated by adopting a five-point likert scale of 1 to 5 (1 = Strongly Agree; 2 = Agree; 3 =
Neutral; 4 = Disagree; and 5 = Strongly Disagree;). The questionnaire survey was conducted
to determine the importance of critical success factors for safety management which was
observed by contractors, clients and consultants working within Construction Industry. In this
paper, factor analysis was used to identify the critical success factor for safety management
in construction industry.
The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS v.21) was utilized to conduct factor
analysis. The direct personal interview method and online filling using Google forms are used
for filling the questionnaire and collecting the data. The survey has been conducted at all the
levels and types of construction projects. The various levels of projects are huge level,
medium level and low level which are considered based on total construction cost and size of
the project. The questionnaires are distributed to the construction firms and the data are
collected by means of direct interview method .Then the collected data are analyzed by
means of manual method as well as using software method. The l analysis has been done by 4
approaches. They are Reliability Test, Friedman Test, One way ANOVA Test, Correlation
Test.
4.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Reliability Analysis
Cronbach’s alpha measures a set of value or items into a single or as a group of individuals.
In such cases, we ask a series of questions and combine the answers into a single numerical
value.
It is used to measure reliability. The value doesn’t indicate that as a single dimension , if a
cronbach’s alpha value is high Additional analyses to be performed to identify the
dimensionality. Exploratory factor analysis is one method of checking dimensionality.
Cronbach’s alpha can be written as a function of the number of test items and the average
inter-correlation among the items.

Table 1 Reliability Analysis

Cronbach's Alpha N of

Items

5.922 52

Friedman Test
The Friedman test is the non-parametric test for identifying the differences between groups
when the variable should be ordinal. Nonparametric means the test doesn’t assume your data
comes from a particular distribution. It’s used in place of the ANOVA test when you don’t
know the distribution of your data.

Discussion
Based on various researchers, it is observed that safety managers have the opportunity to
influence and enhance the sense of safety and the quality of the work environment. It is also
been observed that a set of recommendations and strategies is to be provide to contractors for
improving their safety performance. The most safety factors Proper arrangement for regular
collection and disposal of waste materials Workers wearing full body safety equipment while
working at heights Scaffolds designed as per the load requirement. Flame cutting and welding
taking place with proper fire precautions. Proper flooring done with adequate load bearing
capacity.

Model for Effective Saftey Management

On the job site of every project, the project manager shall establish a safety system to avoid
any working accident. This work has four aspects of job

Establishment of Safety Organization

Each project needs a safety organization under the direct leadership of project manager. The
typical construction organization is described in the figure below:
 Safety Inputs Storage
The costs of ensuring safety are regarded as indirect cost. Some contractors normalize that
safety cost be divided into two parts: the first part is withdrawn by the headquarter and used
as accident treatment fare, when there are more accidents happening, this part will increase
consistently. The second part is engaged by the project team and used as accident treatment

fare on the job site. In such case, the project manager is obligated to take measures to avoid
working accidents to decrease the cost of the project.

CHIEF EXECUTIVE

OTHER PROJECT DIRECTOR

DIRECTORS
Responsible for
safety
input from estimators,
Plant departments,
design office etc.
SAFETY DIRECTOR
Responsible for
Responsible for safety service,
implementing company
information, safety audits,
safety policy on projects
investigating accidents, liaison
with safety authorities and
committees

PROJECT MANAGER
Responsible for attention to safety at tender
stage, liaison with service departments, site
manager training and management

SITE MANAGER SAFETY ADVISOR

Primarily responsible for all health, safety Responsible for
and welfare matters on sites expert advice on
safety matters

Establishment of Safety Regulations

Worker must abide by the safety operation regulation of his work species. So the
management staff involved in an international project must study laws and regulations that
relate to safety construction and labor protection and carry it out rigidly to avoid working
accidents happening. Every work aspect has its own safety regulation and special
requirements. Training to all labors in the job site is necessary. Through training, workers on
the site can get a complete knowledge of safety requirements and safety technique of their
work aspect and enhance their ability of self-protection.

Establishment of Reward and Punishment Rules

During the construction of an international project, the working accident will result in great
economic loss. If all the employee are concerned about the safety construction, a lot of money
will be economized. So it is helpful to develop the safety of construction that reward the job
team with excellent safety performance and records, at the same time, the one with bad safety
performance will be punished.

2. CONCLUSIONS
Generally, the work environments in construction activities are more hazardous, than other
industries due to the use of heavy equipment, dangerous tools, and hazardous materials, all of
which increase the potential for serious accidents and injuries. From the case studies and also
from the surveys taken from the engineers and contractors , the result of various tests would
analysis the level of safety .the basic levels of safety is most important for all construction
industries and the factors which are associated with safety namely access roads suitable for
the movement of plants and vehicles ,first aid center at site, proper arrangement for regular
collection and disposal of waste material, stacks protected from collapse , material protected
from weather and rain, proper arrangement for regular collection and disposal of waste
material, adequate water supply for sanitation workers, wearing suitable hand gloves while
handling rough object ,chemicals etc...,employees given specialized training where needed
first aid center at site safety ,material displayed on the site everyone aware of the content of
safety

policy competent safety professional available at site. From that I conclude, the basic safety
measures are needed for all types of construction. From the case study, the result gives few
safety suggestions for any types of construction are awareness of workers, commitment of
top management and the allocation of safety materials.

REFERENCES
[1] S. Kumar and V. K. Bansal, “Construction safety knowledge for practitioners in the
construction industry,” Journal of Frontiers in Construction Engineering, vol. 2, no. 2, pp.
34–42, 2013. J. M.
[2] Wilson Jr. and E. Koehn, “Safety management: problems encountered and recommended
solutions,” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, vol. 126, no. 1, pp. 77–
79, 2000.
[3] X. Huang and J. Hinze, “Analysis of construction worker fall accidents,” Journal of
Construction Engineering and Management, vol. 129, no. 3, pp. 262–271, 2003.
[4] O. A. Jannadi and M. S. Bu-Khamsin, “Safety factors considered by industrial contractors
in Saudi Arabia,” Building and Environment, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 539–547, 2002.
[5] L. S. Pheng and S. C. Shiua, “The maintenance of construction safety: riding on ISO 9000
quality management systems,” Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, vol. 6, no.
1, pp. 28–44, 2000.
[6] E. E. Koehn and N. K. Datta, “Quality, environmental, and health and safety management
systems for construction engineering,” Journal of Construction Engineering and
Management, vol. 129, no. 5, pp. 562–569, 2003.
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[9] J Dheeraj Benny and D. Jaishree, Construction Safety Management and Accident Control
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611–617 Sherif. Mohamed; “Safety Climate in Construction Site Environments”; Journal
of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 128, No. 5; pp: 375–384; October
1, 2002.
[10] S. Kumar and V. K. Bansal, “Construction safety knowledge for practitioners in the
construction industry,” Journal of Frontiers in Construction Engineering, vol. 2, no. 2, pp.
34–42, 2013. J. M.
[11] Wilson Jr. and E. Koehn, “Safety management: problems encountered and recommended
solutions,” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, vol. 126, no. 1, pp. 77–
79, 2000.
[12] X. Huang and J. Hinze, “Analysis of construction worker fall accidents,” Journal of
Construction Engineering and Management, vol. 129, no. 3, pp. 262–271, 2003.
[13] O. A. Jannadi and M. S. Bu-Khamsin, “Safety factors considered by industrial contractors
in Saudi Arabia,” Building and Environment, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 539–547, 2002.
[14] L. S. Pheng and S. C. Shiua, “The maintenance of construction safety: riding on ISO 9000
quality management systems,” Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, vol. 6, no.
1, pp. 28–44, 2000.
[15] E. E. Koehn and N. K. Datta, “Quality, environmental, and health and safety management
systems for construction engineering,” Journal of Construction Engineering and
Management, vol. 129, no. 5, pp. 562–569, 2003.