Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 13 Issue 7,JULY/2022, ISSN:0377-9254

BEHAVIOUR OF CONCRETE BY PARTIAL

REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE WITH
RECYCLED PLASTIC
Mr. A. KARTHIK, GAMINI THILAK HEMANTH KUMAR, MUNIKUNTLA MADHAVA NATH GOUD, RATHOD SWATHI
Asst. professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Aurora’s Technological & Research Institute, Hyderabad, India.
1
student, Department of Civil Engineering, Aurora’s Technological & Research Institute, Hyderabad, India.
2
student, Department of Civil Engineering, Aurora’s Technological & Research Institute, Hyderabad, India.
3
student, Department of Civil Engineering, Aurora’s Technological & Research Institute, Hyderabad, India.
avulakarthik@atri.edu.in
thilak.hemanth03@gmail.com
madhavgoudmunikuntla@gmail.com
swathirathod123ss@gmail.com

Abstract— In this paper we are using recycled plastic granules
because plastic is a non-biodegradable material and it is hazardous
to the environment so to decrease the land pollution caused by the
plastic we are using them in concrete to increase the strength.
Disposal of used plastics is one of the major problems faced in the
present era of world. Day by day the the usage of plastic is
increasing. The non-biodegradability of plastic makes it very
harmful to the environment. In this work to reduce waste plastic
we partially replacing the fine aggregate by recycled plastic
granules at 2%,4%,6%, 8% in M30 grade of concrete. The
compressive, split tensile strengths are determined after 7 day and
28 days of water curing.
Key Words: Eco-friendly concrete, environmental solution, Fine
aggregate, recycled plastic.
I. INTRODUCTION
Plastic is a very common material in our day to day life.
Lack of proper disposal methods for waste plastic is one of
the hazards faced by the present world. Because of the non-
biodegradability it causes the environmental pollution. The
use of waste or recycled plastic in concrete in an effective
manner can reduce the pollution to a certain extent.
Solid waste is one of the many factors that negatively affect
the environment. Problems stem from factors such as
difficulty of waste recycling and limited reuse. Plastic is an
important type of solid waste with a strong environmental
impact. This study aims to investigate the effects of utilising
low density polyethylene (LDPE) as a partial substitute for
sand in concrete. The effects of this material on the physical
and mechanical properties of concrete were examined.
Concrete was cast to determine the behaviour of fresh and
hardened concrete in terms of workability, unit
weight, compressive strength.
Increasing consumption of various types of plastic
products is one of the most important challenges in
environmental protection. Large quantities of plastic waste
and low biodegradability of these quantities negatively affect
the environment. All types of plastic used by humans in daily
life eventually becomes waste; several tons of these plastic
wastes require large areas of land for storage and cannot be
fully recycled at once Every year, approximately 6.5 billion
tons of plastic waste and discarded rubber are generated
globally; the disposal of these plastics poses a considerable
threat to the environment due to their long degradation
periods from different perspectives, waste reuse is important
because it helps to recycle and conserve energy in the
production process, reduces environmental pollution, and
helps sustain and conserve non-renewable natural
resources Using plastic waste in the materials industry is an
environmental solution to minimize the proportion of
landfills used in waste incineration studies have shown that
plastic can be used in concrete this type of material has
become a major research subject in recent years
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
[1] “Recycled Plastics as Coarse Aggregate for
Structural Concrete”: Praveen Mathew, Shibi Varghese,
Thomas Paul, Eldho Varghese (2013)
The use of plastic is increasing day by day, although steps
were taken to reduce its consumption. This creates
substantial garbage every day which is much unhealthy. A
healthy and sustainable reuse of plastics offers a host of
advantages.
[2] “Recycled plastics used as coarse aggregate for
constructional concrete” SJB Institute of Technology,
Bangalore
Landfill sites are becoming overcrowded and expensive for
waste disposal, efforts are made to minimize the quantities
of materials that are delivered to landfills. The threat due to
leaching of non-biodegradable materials like waste plastics,
scrap tyres. E-waste may contaminate the soil and ground
water
[3] “Studies on Concrete containing E plastic waste”
Lakshmi.R, K.L.N.College of Information Technology,
Sivagangai Nagan.S, Thiagarajar College of
Engineering, Madurai (2010)
Utilization of waste materials and by-products is a partial
solution to environmental and ecological problems. Use of
these materials not only helps in getting them utilized in
cement, concrete and other construction materials, it helps in

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Journal of Engineering Sciences
reducing the cost of cement and concrete manufacturing, but
also has numerous indirect benefits such as reduction in
land•fill cost, saving in energy, and protecting the
environment from possible pollution effects
[4] “Utilization of e-waste and plastic bottle waste in
concrete” Ankit Arora, UG student, Dr. Urmil V. Dave,
Senior Professor, Institute of Technology, Nirma
University,Ahmedabad (2013)
E-waste and plastic waste are the major problem in today
scenario as these are non- biodegradable. Attempts were
made in past to use them in concrete by grinding them. But
it failed to give good strength because grinded particle has
flattened shape. Grinded plastic and e waste mixed with
concrete is a good way to dispose them with cheap concrete
production.
III. MATERIALS USED
Cement :-
Cement is one the major component in the manufacturing
process of concrete. It has the property to stick to any other
raw material added in the preparation process of concrete,
especially when comes in contact with water and hence
produces a good paste. Here, OPC 53 grade cement is used .
Coarse aggregates :-
Coarse aggregate is another fundamental raw material which
gives strength, hardness and increases the volume of the
concrete. Here, coarse aggregate of size 20 mm and angular
crushed shape is chosen
Fine aggregate:-
Sand is a type of rock that is made up of tiny grains of stone
or other minerals. Sand is often used in construction because
it is easy to shape and mold into any desired form. Sand is
also used in making glass, ceramics, paper, paint, cosmetics,
and pharmaceuticals.
Platic Granules:-
The thermoplastic LDPE (low-density polyethylene) is
manufactured from the monomer ethylene. Imperial
Chemical Industries (ICI) produced the first grade of
polyethylene in 1933 using a high-pressure free radical
polymerization technique. The same procedure is still used
to make it now. According to the Environmental Protection
Agency, 3.3.7 per cent of LDPE (recycling number 4) is
recycled. LDPE remains a popular plastic grade despite
competition from more contemporary polymers .The global
LDPE market reached a volume of roughly $1 billion in
2013. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is
a thermoplastic made from the monomer ethylene. It was the
first grade of polyethylene, produced in 1933 by Imperial
Chemical Industries (ICI) using a high pressure process
via free radical polymerization. Its manufacture employs the
same method today. The EPA estimates 5.7% of LDPE
(resin identification code 4) is recycled in the United
States. Despite competition from more modern polymers,
LDPE continues to be an important plastic grade. In 2013
the worldwide LDPE market reached a volume of about
US$33 billion.
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Vol 13 Issue 7,JULY/2022, ISSN:0377-9254
Water:-
Water is essential for concrete production. Concrete needs
water to form a strong bond with sand and gravel. If there is
too much water, the mixture will become too wet and
harden before it sets. If there is too little water, the mixture
won't hold together properly. To ensure that the mix stays
workable, you need to add an appropriate amount of water.
You also need to keep an eye out for any signs of bleeding,
which could indicate that the mix is too dry.
Test details
A. Compressive strength test
The compressive strength test is used to determine the
strength of concrete. The sample dimensions are
150mm×150mm×150mm. Generally compressive strength
conducted on samples of concrete at 3days, 7days, 14days,
28days, 56days and 90days. In this project, the compressive
strength test performed at 7days and 28days. The procedure
of compressive strength followed in this project according to
IS-516:1959. The compressive strength conducted on 3
samples for each temperature condition cured of concrete.
The values of every sample cube cured under different
temperatures were noted. The average values of 3 samples
of concrete taken as final value of strength.
Compressive Strength (N/mm2) = Failure load/cross
sectional area.
𝜎 = 𝑃/𝐴
Where, P=Applied load, A= Cross-sectional Area
Figure 1: COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TESTING
MACHINE
B. Split tensile strength test
Split tensile strength is applying a diametric compressive
load along the entire length until failure occurs. This loading
induces tensile stresses on the plane containing the applied
load and compressive stresses in the area around the applied
load. In this experiment, split tensile strength test is
performed for 7&28 days on the cylinders. The procedure
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Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 13 Issue 7,JULY/2022, ISSN:0377-9254

for split tensile strength is followed according to IS

5816:1999. Compressive strength for 7 Days
30

24.44
24.06
23.33
25

21.4
20

20

20

20
20

load
15

10

Figure 2: SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH TEST 5

Split rigidity was determined by conducting split tensile
strength test.
𝑆 = 2𝑃/𝜋𝐷𝐿
0
Where, P = Failure Load (KN), D = Diameter of Specimen
(150 mm), L = Length of Specimen (300 mm) 0% & 2% 0% & 4% 0% & 6% 0% & 8%

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Normal Replaced

S. NO % OF AVERAGE AVERAGE SPLIT

PLASTIC COMPRESSIVE TENSILE
GRANULES STRENGTH STRENGTH
(N/MM2) (N/MM2) Compressive Strength 28 DAYS
7 DAYS 28 7 DAYS 28 40

35.7
DAYS DAYS 31.6
35
29.62

29.07

1 0% 20 27.4 1.56 2.4

27.4

27.4

27.4

30 27.4
2 2% 21.4 29.62 1.7 2.61
25
3 4% 23.33 29.07 1.66 2.68
load

20
4 6% 24.06 31.6 1.8 2.54
15
5 8% 24.44 35.7 1.89 2.61
10

0
0% &2% 0% & 4% 0% & 6% 0% & 8%

Normal Replaced

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Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 13 Issue 7,JULY/2022, ISSN:0377-9254

strength also decreases. From the results, the 28 days

Spli Tensile strength For 7 Days compressive strength for 0% is 27.4 MPa, 2% is 29.62
MPa, 4% is 29.07 MPa, 6% is 31.6 MPa,8% is 35.7
2 1.89
1.8 MPa . It clearly shows that if we increase the
1.8 1.7 1.66
1.56 1.56 1.56 1.56 percentage of plastics
1.6  It has been found that replacing sand by 2 % of plastic
1.4 sand is substituted by 14.48 Kg .Replacing sand by 4
1.2 % of plastic sand is substituted by 14.19 kg. Replacing
1 sand by 6 % of plastic sand is substituted by 13.89 Kg
,Replacing sand by 8% Plastic sand is substituted by
0.8
13.6 kg.So, when it would be used in large scale in
0.6
construction site, there would be a significant way to
0.4 control this huge amount of plastic
0.2  From the literature survey we are concluding that in
0 the fine aggregate the optimum replacement of plastic
0% & 2% 0% & 4% 0% & 6% 0% & 8% can be up to 8% . Beyond that if we increase the
percentage of plastic it may leads to decrease in the
Normal Replaced strength of the plastic

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Journal of Engineering Sciences
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