Cambridge International AS & A Level

39-34
* 7 1 3 1 9 5 6 9 9 1 *

PHYSICS 9702/22
Paper 2 AS Level Structured Questions February/March 2021

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

✓
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 60.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 20 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (MS/CT) 199879/2
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Data

speed of light in free space c = 3.00 × 108 m s−1

permeability of free space μ0 = 4π × 10−7 H m−1

permittivity of free space ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 F m−1

1
( = 8.99 × 109 m F−1)
4πε0
elementary charge e = 1.60 × 10−19 C

the Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10−34 J s

unified atomic mass unit 1 u = 1.66 × 10−27 kg

rest mass of electron me = 9.11 × 10−31 kg

rest mass of proton mp = 1.67 × 10−27 kg

molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1

the Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol−1

the Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 × 10−23 J K−1

gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10−11 N m2 kg−2

acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s−2

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Formulae

1
uniformly accelerated motion s = ut + 2 at 2
v 2 = u 2 + 2as

work done on/by a gas W = p ΔV

Gm
gravitational potential φ =−
r

hydrostatic pressure p = ρgh

1 Nm 2
pressure of an ideal gas p = 3 〈c 〉
V
simple harmonic motion a = − ω 2x

velocity of particle in s.h.m. v = v0 cos ωt

v = ± ω (x 02 - x 2)
fsv
Doppler effect fo =
v ± vs

Q
electric potential V =
4πε0r

capacitors in series 1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + . . .

capacitors in parallel C = C1 + C2 + . . .

1
energy of charged capacitor W = 2 QV

electric current I = Anvq

resistors in series R = R1 + R2 + . . .

resistors in parallel 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + . . .

BI
Hall voltage VH =
ntq

alternating current/voltage x = x0 sin ω t

radioactive decay x = x0 exp(−λt )

0.693
decay constant λ =
t 1
2

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Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1 (a) Complete Table 1.1 by stating whether each of the quantities is a vector or a scalar.

Table 1.1

quantity vector or scalar

acceleration vector
power scalar
work scalar
[2]

(b) The variation with time t of the velocity v of an object is shown in Fig. 1.1.

1.50

1.25

1.00

v / m s–1 0.75

0.50

0.25

0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0
t/s

Fig. 1.1

(i) Determine the acceleration of the object from time t = 0 to time t = 4.0 s.

a =
gradient
1.40-0.70
=
4. 0

= 0-175
0.18
acceleration = ................................................ m s−2 [2]

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(ii) Determine the distance moved by the object from time t = 0 to time t = 4.0 s.

distance = area under graph

0-70-11.40
=
✗ 4.0
2

=
4.2

4. 2
distance = ..................................................... m [2]

(c) (i) Define force.

Rate of change of momentum

...........................................................................................................................................
.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The motion represented in Fig. 1.1 is caused by a resultant force F acting on the object.

On Fig. 1.2, sketch the variation of F with time t from t = 0 to t = 12.0 s.

Numerical values of F are not required.

ma
F-
date
-

F
m
=

adze 0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0
t/s

Fig. 1.2
[3]

[Total: 10]

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2 (a) State what is meant by work done.

The product of force and distance moved in the direction

...................................................................................................................................................

of force
.............................................................................................................................................
.
[1]

(b) A beach ball is released from a balcony at the top of a tall building. The ball falls vertically
from rest and reaches a constant (terminal) velocity. The gravitational potential energy of the
ball decreases by 60 J as it falls from the balcony to the ground. The ball hits the ground with
speed 16 m s−1 and kinetic energy 23 J.

(i) Show that the mass of the ball is 0.18 kg.

I ✗ mx 162--23
m = 0.1797
I 0.18kg
[2]

(ii) Calculate the height of the balcony above the ground.

0.18×9.81×4=60
h =
34

34
height = ..................................................... m [2]

(iii) Determine the average resistive force acting on the ball as it falls from the balcony to the
ground. T T
a- Ept= AEK + heat

60=23 1- F- ✗ 34

f- =
1. I

1. I
average resistive force = ..................................................... N [2]

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(c) State and explain the variation, if any, in the magnitude of the acceleration of the ball in
(b) during the time interval when the ball is moving downwards before it reaches constant

If (terminal) velocity.

Initially speed air resistance = 0 resultant force

-0

%
...................................................................................................................................................
, , ,

"
=
weight acceleration 9=9.81 MS ; =
...................................................................................................................................................
,

W ...................................................................................................................................................
increases
Then speed air resistance increases
...................................................................................................................................................
,
,

resultant force decreases , acceleration decreases

...................................................................................................................................................
.

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 10]

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3 A spring is extended by a force. The variation with extension x of the force F is shown in Fig. 3.1.

8.0

6.0
F/N

4.0

2.0

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
x / cm

Fig. 3.1

(a) State the name of the law that relates the force and extension of the spring shown in Fig. 3.1.

Hooke 's law

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Determine:

(i) the spring constant, in N m−1, of the spring

F- = kx
7. 0 = K (5.0×10-1)
1<=140

140
spring constant = ............................................... N m−1 [2]

(ii) the strain energy (elastic potential energy) in the spring when the extension is 4.0 cm.

Ek ✗
2
E- =

=
12×140×4.0×1542
= 0.112

0.11
strain energy = ...................................................... J [2]

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(c) One end of the spring is attached to a fixed point. A cylinder that is submerged in a liquid is
now suspended from the other end of the spring, as shown in Fig. 3.2.

fixed point

spring,
extension 4.0 cm

cylinder,
cross-sectional area
1.2 × 10–3 m2
cylinder,
cylinder,
weight 6.20 N
length
5.8 cm
liquid

Fig. 3.2

The cylinder has length 5.8 cm, cross-sectional area 1.2 × 10−3 m2 and weight 6.20 N. The
cylinder is in equilibrium when the extension of the spring is 4.0 cm.

(i) Show that the upthrust acting on the cylinder is 0.60 N.

net w

4m¥
-

'
-

Ut 140×(4.0×151)=6.20
U= o f o N
W
-

v [1]

(ii) Calculate the difference in pressure between the bottom face and the top face of the
cylinder.

u =
ftp.A
0.60 = 1.2×6-3 ✗ A

A = 500
500
difference in pressure = .................................................... Pa [2]

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(iii) Calculate the density of the liquid.

Ap __egAh
500=1×9.81×(5.8×152)
1=880
880
density = .............................................. kg m−3 [2]

(d) The liquid in (c) is replaced by another liquid of greater density.

State the effect, if any, of this change on:

(i) the upthrust acting on the cylinder

greater ( increases )
..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) the extension of the spring.

smaller [ decreases )
..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 12]

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4 (a) State the principle of superposition.

When two or more waves meet at a point, The resultant displacement is equal to the
...................................................................................................................................................
sum of displacements of individual waves.
...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) A transmitter produces microwaves that travel in air towards a metal plate, as shown in
Fig. 4.1.

microwave metal
transmitter microwave plate
receiver

Fig. 4.1

The microwaves have a wavelength of 0.040 m. A stationary wave is formed between the
transmitter and the plate.

(i) Explain the function of the metal plate.

to reflect microwave
...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate the frequency, in GHz, of the microwaves.

v ft =

3. 0×108 f- = ✗ 0.040

f- = 7.5×109 Hz
=
7.5 GHz

7.5
frequency = ................................................. GHz [3]

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(iii) A microwave receiver is initially placed at position X where it detects an intensity

minimum. The receiver is then slowly moved away from X directly towards the plate.

1. Determine the shortest distance from X of the receiver when it detects another
intensity minimum.

1-22=1-2×0.040--0.020
0.020
distance = ........................................................... m

2. Determine the number of intensity maxima that are detected by the receiver as it
moves from X to a position that is 9.1 cm away from X.

From ✗ maxima occurs at : to cm . 3.0cm 5.0cm ,

, ,

70cm , 9.0cm
5
number = ...............................................................
[2]

[Total: 8]

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5 A source of sound is attached to a rope and then swung at a constant speed in a horizontal circle,
as illustrated in Fig. 5.1.

horizontal circular
path of source,
radius 2.4 m

rope source
of sound
distant
observer

Fig. 5.1 (not to scale)

The source moves with a speed of 12.0 m s−1 and emits sound of frequency 951 Hz. The speed of
the sound in the air is 330 m s−1. An observer, standing a very long distance away from the source,
hears the sound.

(a) Calculate the minimum frequency, to three significant figures, of the sound heard by the
observer.

f. =fsY+vs
330
=
951 ×
330-112.0
=
918
918
minimum frequency = .................................................... Hz [2]

(b) The circular path of the source has a radius of 2.4 m.

Determine the shortest time interval between the observer hearing sound of minimum
frequency and the observer hearing sound of maximum frequency.

IG 4)
{ 0-63
.

+ = =
no
=

0-63
time interval = ...................................................... s [2]

[Total: 4]

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6 (a) State Kirchhoff’s first law.

The sum of currents entering a junction is equal to the sum of currents leaving it.
...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 12.0 V and internal resistance r is connected to a
filament lamp and a resistor, as shown in Fig. 6.1.

12.0 V
r

3.6 A

2.1 A

Fig. 6.1

The current in the battery is 3.6 A and the current in the resistor is 2.1 A. The I-V characteristic
for the lamp is shown in Fig. 6.2.

2.0

1.5
I/A

1.0

0.5

0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0
V/V

Fig. 6.2

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(i) Determine the resistance of the lamp in Fig. 6.1.

3.6-2.1=1.5 A
Fron graph
. .
✓ = 4.4 ✓

12=445
1.

= 2.9
2.9
resistance = ..................................................... Ω [3]

(ii) Determine the internal resistance r of the battery.

" "

For r ✓ = Ir
:

12.0-4.4=3.6 r
r -_ 2. I

2. I
r = ..................................................... Ω [2]

(iii) The initial energy stored in the battery is 470 kJ. Assume that the e.m.f. and the current
in the battery do not change with time.

Calculate the time taken for the energy stored in the battery to become 240 kJ.

A- E- =
Pt
(470-240)×103=(12.0×3.6)×-1
-1=5300

5300
time = ...................................................... s [2]

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(iv) The filament wire of the lamp is connected in series with the adjacent copper connecting
wire of the circuit, as illustrated in Fig. 6.3.

filament wire

copper wire

Fig. 6.3 (not to scale)

Some data for the filament wire and the adjacent copper connecting wire are given in
Table 6.1.

Table 6.1

filament wire copper wire

cross-sectional area A 360 A

number density of free electrons n 2.5 n

Calculate the ratio

average drift speed of free electrons in filament wire .

average drift speed of free electrons in copper wire

I =
Anvq
I
v=
Ang
✗
Aln
Vf 1
= =
900
¥
=

¥: -2:
*
"

900
ratio = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 10]

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7 (a) The results of the α-particle scattering experiment provide evidence for the structure of the
atom.

Result 1: The vast majority of the α-particles pass straight through the metal foil or are
deviated by small angles.

Result 2: A very small minority of α-particles is scattered through angles greater than 90°.

State what may be inferred (deduced) from:

(i) result 1
Most of theatom is
empty space ( and the nucleus is
...........................................................................................................................................

very small compared with the atom)

.....................................................................................................................................
. [1]

(ii) result 2.
The nucleus is positively charged and
...........................................................................................................................................
most of the mass [ of the atom ) is concentrated in
...........................................................................................................................................

a tiny ) nucleus
.....................................................................................................................................
.
[2]

(b) A radioactive decay sequence contains four nuclei, P, Q, R and S, as shown.

218 P 214 Q 214 R 214
84 82 83 S
"
Nucleus S is an isotope of nucleus P. ¥ % Ee
(i) Determine the proton number and the nucleon number of nucleus S.

84
proton number = ...............................................................

214
nucleon number = ...............................................................
[2]
"

(ii) The quark composition of a nucleon in Q changes as Q decays to form R. n →

Pt B
Describe this change to the quark composition of the nucleon.
d → u
...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

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