13.

6 Prepositions of manner
Prepositions of manner.

[00:00:01] Prepositions of manner tell us how why and what happened. The most popular ones
are by, with and without. But let's start with on.

[00:00:11] On holiday.

[00:00:13] This is to go on vacation and to be on vacation. To be on holiday. Notice that vacation

and holiday are singular. If we talk about the holidays, this means the three fall and winter
holidays in the US. That's Thanksgiving Christmas and New Year's.

[00:00:29] Sorry. I'm not in the office right now. I'm on holiday. I will call you back as soon as
possible.

[00:00:34] My family always goes on holiday in the summer.

[00:00:38] On television.

[00:00:40] I mentioned this quickly before. Things are on TV. We watch shows on TV as well with
most technology, like phones, cell phones, radios, computers and tablets we use on most of the
time.

[00:00:53] To be on the phone.

[00:00:54] On your computer.

[00:00:55] Listening to something on the radio on your tablet.

[00:00:59] Online, on the internet on a web page.

[00:01:02] If it's a tech gadget, you probably want to use on.

[00:01:06] Cultural note.

[00:01:07] Because a lot of people visit New York. You might hear New Yorkers say that they
wait for something on line. Every American outside of New York City and New Jersey, as well as
every English speaker outside of the US, will say to wait in line. or waiting in a line. For all of us
outside of New York and New Jersey, to wait on line means to be waiting for something on your
computer.

[00:01:31] On fire.

[00:01:32] If something is on fire, it's burning. It's engulfed in flames. So hopefully your house
doesn't start on fire. There aren't many things. You purposefully want to catch on fire.
[00:01:44] The entire Forest caught on fire when a lady set her mail on fire to start a bonfire.

[00:01:50] Don't smoke at a gas station. You can make everything start on fire.

[00:01:54] On time.

[00:01:56] To be on time is to be punctual. The opposite of being late. It's not early though, early
is ahead of time on time is at the exact right moment, and to be late is to arrive or finish
something after it is supposed to happen.

[00:02:12] I don't know how you always arrive on time even though you take public transport.

[00:02:17] I'm always on time or early, never late.

[00:02:21] Now. Let's look at how we use the preposition at starting with age.

[00:02:25] If we want to describe the age we did something, we can say to be, and then the age.
Or we can say at with th age. We never use with or have with age. Not in English.

[00:02:39] He bought a house at 30.

[00:02:41] So here we have at and the age.

[00:02:44] He bought a house when he was 30.

[00:02:47] So here we are using the verb to be, to be and then the age, 30.

[00:02:52] At with a temperature.

[00:02:54] Different things happen at different temperatures. Water boils at a hundred degrees
Celsius. At a cold temperature, you wear a jacket at a warmer temperature. You wear less
clothes. We can also say when it's warmer or when it's colder, but with a specific temperature
use at.

[00:03:11] The oven should be at 200 degrees Celsius to make the pizza.

[00:03:15] At a specific speed. If you want to mention what happens at a specific speed use at as
well. Notice a trend? Were using at to show cause and effect.

[00:03:26] When you travel at a speed faster than the speed of sound, there is a sonic boom. It's
really loud.

[00:03:32] If you drive at 60 miles per hour, you might get pulled over by a cop.

[00:03:37] Okay. Now let's look at the most common preposition of manner, by.

[00:03:41] Using by with a method of transportation.

[00:03:44] We use by to explain how someone went somewhere. Did they go by bus, by car, by
bike, by plane, by train, how? But if you walk somewhere, we say to go on foot. Though, you
hear native speakers sometimes say by foot.

[00:00:08] We've got plenty of time. Do you want to go to the meeting by taxi or by bus?

[00:00:12] Hmm. It's really nice out. Why don't we go on foot since there's no rush.

[00:00:16] By to show the author or performer.

[00:00:19] We always use by when expressing who created something, wrote a book performed
a song, painted a painting, etc.

[00:00:01] I heard of this book before but who's it by?

[00:00:04] Its by Mark Twain.

[00:00:05] Who performs this version of the song? I know it's originally by the Bee Gees.

[00:00:09] This version is performed by some new singer. I don't know.

[00:00:12] By in the passive.

[00:00:14] And of course we use by in the passive to show who the action was done by, who
performed the action. So go to the passive section, if you have questions about that. Let's switch
now to with and without.

[00:00:27] We use with to show that more is included. Can be more people or more things, like
drinking tea with friends or having a tea with milk.

[00:00:36] So you drink the tea while spending time with a friend. And you put milk in the tea so
we do things with or without other people. Maybe you grew up with both of your parents, or
without one of them or possibly without either of them. You can order a sandwich with mustard
or without. Get it with meat or without meat. You can do an activity with additional, extra tools.
Cut paper with a scissors. Attach pieces of paper together with glue.

[00:01:05] Appearance.

[00:01:06] When describing someone's appearance, we use with and without to describe what
they're wearing and physical characteristics.

[00:01:12] So I'm talking about that guy with the brown hair, a mustache and tattoo. Or that girl
over there. No that girl with long hair. The one with short brown hair.

[00:01:23] When describing physical characteristics and clothing. We don't usually use without.
Instead we negate with, with 'not.' Not the one with blue shorts. Not the tourist with a map. Not
the guy with the mustache. Not the guy with the tattoos.
[00:01:40] Verbs and about.

[00:01:42] We use about with verbs to show what something is related to. What it is concerning,
regarding or in respect to. It shows us what the subject is on. For that reason, we talk about
something or someone.

[00:01:56] We're talking about King Henry the IV in class.

[00:01:59] Don't speak about that topic in front of children.

[00:02:02] Did you hear about what he did? It's crazy.

[00:02:04] How do you know so much about ancient history?

[00:02:06] Nouns and about.

[00:02:08] We use about in the exact same way after a noun. To describe what the thing is
related to or discussing.

[00:02:15] I just finished reading a book about classic cars.

[00:02:18] I have a question about the test tomorrow.

[00:02:20] I watched a program on TV about bacteria.

[00:02:23] Can you give me any information about the parade next week?

[00:02:26] Preposition + ing form of the verb the gerund.

[00:02:30] The most important rule with prepositions, is to remember that if you put a verb
after a preposition, it will be in the gerund -ing form.

[00:02:39] So to be good at doing something.

[00:02:42] Fed up with arguing.

[00:02:44] Sorry for making a mistake.

[00:02:45] Ready to leave the party after having one more drink.

[00:02:49] Get in trouble without doing anything.

[00:02:51] Think of selling your car.

[00:02:53] Thank you for inviting me.

[00:02:55] Depend on.

[00:02:56] Always use on after depend. This preposition never changes. If you don't know what
it means, to depend on someone means to rely on someone. To need their support. And we do
things depending on a situation, meaning what we do is determined by a particular situation.
Here are some more examples.

[00:03:18] I depend on my job to pay the bills.

[00:03:20] Whether we go to the park or not depends on the weather.

[00:03:23] I can't tell you what I'm doing next week yet. It depends on this project I'm working
on.

[00:03:28] There are many uses of on as a preposition. So I can't tell you if you are right or
wrong. It depends on the context of the sentence.

[00:03:37] Look with, at, for or after.

[00:03:40] The meaning of look changes completely depending on the preposition that is used
with it. Here are some examples.

[00:03:47] Look at.

[00:03:48] To look at something is to give it your attention ,specifically using your eyes to
examine it.

[00:03:54] Look at that colorful bird in the tree.

[00:03:56] I'm looking at your test right now, and it doesn't look good.

[00:04:00] Look for.

[00:04:01] To look for something is to search for something to try and find something.

[00:04:05] Excuse me. I'm looking for a bathroom cleaning supplies. Can you tell me where I can
find them?

[00:04:10] I've been looking for my phone for over an hour and I still can't find it.

[00:04:14] Look after.

[00:04:16] To look after someone is to guard, keep them safe and take care of them. They are
under your protection and surveillance. The meaning changes slightly depending on who you're
talking about. But if you work as a nurse, you have to look after your patients. If you're
babysitting your little neighbors' kids, you're just making sure they don't do anything their
parents wouldn't allow. To look after something is primarily to keep it safe. If your friends go on
vacation, they probably need someone to look after their house. That means to make sure that
no one breaks in or steals anything.
[00:04:48] Say, speak and tell.

[00:04:50] I'll give you the rules quickly and then a few examples to highlight the differences.
We say something to someone about something or someone.

[00:04:59] Like, I said what I heard to his mother about what happened at school.

[00:05:04] We speak to or with someone about something or someone.

[00:05:09] Laura. Can I speak with you about your dad?

[00:05:12] And we tell someone something or tell something to someone.

[00:05:15] I already told it to you, or I already told you it.

[00:05:19] Here's a couple more.

[00:05:20] Can I speak with your parents about the trip?

[00:05:23] I need to say something to you that might make you upset.

[00:05:26] I will tell you what happened after work.

[00:05:29] Rapidfire.

[00:05:30] Okay, I'm calling this next part rapid-fire because it's a bunch of quite random verb
and preposition combinations that you have to memorize, so more phrasal verbs.

[00:05:40] These are quite common expressions and they are mistakes that I hear pretty
frequently. So don't try to memorize all of them at once. Learn them gradually over a long
period of time. That way they're easier to study and memorize. Here we go.

[00:05:54] To be afraid or scared of something.

[00:05:57] I'm afraid of the dark.

[00:05:58] He's afraid of talking to him.

[00:06:00] To be angry with or at someone.

[00:06:02] My mom's angry at me for not doing my homework.

[00:06:05] They're angry with us for arriving late.

[00:06:07] To be different from something or someone.

[00:06:10] I'm different from my brothers.

[00:06:12] I wanted blue paint, but they gave me a different color from what I wanted.
[00:06:16] To be fed up with someone or something.

[00:06:18] My computer keeps freezing. I'm so fed up with it.

[00:06:21] He got angry because he was fed up with her.

[00:06:23] To be good at something to be bad at something.

[00:06:26] I'm pretty good at playing video games.

[00:06:29] We're really bad at putting puzzles together.

[00:06:31] To be interested in something.

[00:06:33] I'm interested in hearing your story

[00:06:35] The kids aren't interested in politics.

[00:06:38] To be married to someone.

[00:06:40] I have been married to him for 20 years.

[00:06:42] He's married to a doctor.

[00:06:44] To get married to someone.

[00:06:47] We will get married next year.

[00:06:49] She hopes to get married to someone and start a family.

[00:06:52] To be nice or kind to someone.

[00:06:54] You should be nicer to your relatives.

[00:06:56] They weren't very kind to me.

[00:06:58] To be nice of someone to do something, to be kind of someone to do something.

[00:07:02] It was nice of you to give us a ride to the game.

[00:07:05] It's really nice of you to take care of your parents.

[00:07:07] To be sorry about or for something.

[00:07:11] I'm sorry about forgetting our anniversary.

[00:07:13] I'm sorry for being late.

[00:07:15] To feel sorry for someone.

[00:07:16] I feel so sorry for the people begging in the street.

[00:07:19] I feel sorry for him. He's so greedy.