PRELIM REVIEWER Irreducible minimum – microbial burden cannot get any

lower.
Flower Arrangement:
Spatial relationships – awareness of sterile or unsterile
7 Elements of flower arrangement:
Resident flora – bacteria which are normally present below
 Line the skin surface in sebaceous glands.
 Form
 Space Surgical flora – organisms present on the epidermis
 Texture
Standard precautions – procedures followed to protect
 Pattern
personnel from contact with the blood of the patients.
 Color
 Size Sterile – free of microorganism
 Fragrance
Sterile filed – area of free organisms
Types of Flower Arrangement:
MODES OF CONTAMINATION:
 Fan shaped flower arrangement – used as classic
floral arrangement styles.  Physical contact
 Vertical flower arrangement – mostly used in  Droplets
flower bouquets and flower baskets.  Airborne
 Horizontal flower arrangement – makes use of the  Hematogenous (from patient’s own circulating
shallow container blood)
 Triangular flower arrangement – where flowers are
cut and trimmed in the form of a triangle SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION:
 Oval flower arrangement – oval shape and
Animal sources:
comprises of brightest and tallest flower.
 Crescent flower arrangement – draws its  Skin
inspiration from the shape of the moon  Hair
 “S” shaped flower arrangement – the flower is  Nasopharynx
artistically in the form of alphabet “S”
 Vulva or anus.
Antisepsis – prevention of sepsis by exclusion or
Inanimate sources:
destruction.
 Fomite – any inanimate object capable of carrying
Antiseptics – inorganic chemical compounds that combat
infectious organism
sepsis by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.
Example: walls, doors, and etc.
Asepsis – absence of microorganisms that cause disease.  Air

Aseptic technique – method to prevent contamination by

microorganisms

Barrier – a material used to reduce or inhibit the migration or

transmission of microorganism.

Pathogens – microorganisms capable of producing disease.

Mode of contaminations – ways by which infecting

organisms are transmitted to sterile objects.

Contaminate – carrying or infect by microorganism.

- To introduce microorganism to sterile field.

- Presence of microorganisms

Cross-contamination – transmission of microorganisms

from patient to patient.

Decontamination – cleaning and disinfecting or sterilizing

processes

Infection – invasion of the body by disease

Disinfection – chemical or mechanical destruction of

pathogens.
 CHAIN OF INFECTION

Infectious/Etiologic Agent

 Viruses and bacteria

Susceptible Host Reservoir

 Poor hygiene  Sick persons/plants/animals
 Weak resistance  Carriers
a. Convalescent Carriers
b. incubation period

Portal of Entry

 Respiratory tract
 Urinary tract Portal of Exit
 Reproductive tract
Ex: Semen, Vagina, discharge  Respiratory tract
 Urinary tract
 Reproductive tract
Mode of Transport Ex: Semen, Vagina,
discharge
 Direct transport
 Indirect transport
a. Vehicle
- Contaminated H20, food, milk
- Inanimate/fomites – non living
b. Vector bornes animate – living
c. Airborne - droplets