Biology Unit 5: Genetics

Guided Notes: Genetics, Types of Dominance, Blood Typing

Genetics:

Central Dogma:

Who is Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)?

Mendel used __________________________ as his model organism. Why?

1.

2.

3.

Terminology:
Gene:

Allele:

o Dominant alleles:

o Recessive alleles:

Purple (P) is dominant to white (p).

Homozygous (True Breeding) - Homozygous Dominant –

Heterozygous –

Homozygous Recessive –

Heterozygous: Purple Flower –

White Flower -

Genotype:

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Phenotype:

Mendel’s Findings:
- Law of Segregation:

Punnett Squares:
1.Determine the genotype of each parent.
2.Write down the cross
3. Draw a table that’s 2x2
4.Separate each allele using the ________________________________________________________ and
place one allele at the top of each column and to the left side for each row.
5.Match up the pairs of alleles by crossing each column with each row.
6.Record genotype and phenotype frequency for each possible.

Practice: In plant height, tall (T) is dominant to short (t)

a. Cross a tall true breeding parent with a short parent. Cross ________

Genotypic Ratio –

Phenotypic Ratio –

b. Cross two heterozygous tall plants. Cross _________

Genotypic Ratio –

Phenotypic Ratio –

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 Plant Generations
- Parental generation (P) =

- First filial generations (F1) =

- Second filial generation (F2) =

Homozygous round seed crossed with wrinkled seed: Cross _________

Genotypic Ratio –

Phenotypic Ratio –

Heterozygous round seed crossed with wrinkled seed: Cross _________

Genotypic Ratio –

Phenotypic Ratio –

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Heterozygous round seed crossed with heterozygous round seed:
Cross _________

Genotypic Ratio –

Phenotypic Ratio –

Types of Dominance

Complete Dominance –

Incomplete Dominance –

Codominance -

Using the letter R/r (R= Red, r = yellow) answer the questions below:

Complete Dominance

a. What are the three different possible genotypes and their associated phenotypes?

Incomplete Dominance

a. What are the three different possible genotypes and their associated phenotypes?

Codominance

a. What are the three different possible genotypes and their associated phenotypes?

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Blood typing

● Blood typing genetcs is an example of:

1)

2)

● Write out all the possible genotypes using the alleles IA, IB, & i and their associated phenotypes.

● Which blood type is an example of codominance?

Blood Typing practice:

1. A woman with Type O blood and a man who is Type AB are expecting a child. What are the possible
blood types of the child? Cross _________

Genotypic Ratio –

Phenotypic Ratio –

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 2. What are the possible blood types of a child whose parents are both heterozygous for blood Type B?
Cross _________

Genotypic Ratio –

Phenotypic Ratio –

3. What are the chances of a woman with Type AB blood and a man with Type A having a child with Type
O?

Why do we need to be mindful about blood donations?

Blood Type Antigens Present on Antibodies present in Can donate blood Can receive
Surface of cell Blood to blood from
A

AB

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 Biology Unit 5: How is the variation in life affected?
Notes: Evolution by Natural Selection

What is evolution?
Remember
! Allele =
●

Five Fingers of Evolution:

●

Adaptation =

Jean Baptist Lamarck (Big Misconception!)

●

Charles Darwin proposed the following mechanism:

●

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 ●

Natural Selection is the mechanism for

adaptation and evolution.
● These 4 driving forces are necessary for it to occur:

1.

2.

3.

4.

What causes the genetic variation within a population?

●

What do those 4 driving forces lead to?

● Organisms best adapted to their environments will…

● Organisms NOT well adapted will…

Extinction Speciation
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Evidence for Evolution:

1. Fossils

2. Common Structures

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 Analogous Structures 🡪 Homologous Structures 🡪

Convergent Evolution Divergent Evolution

3. Embryology

What features are shared among early embryos?

4. DNA/Protein (Molecular)

5. ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE OF ______________!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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