Math Extra Class CA2 Revision

Polygons

Remember how many sides does the speci c shape has, and memorise the name.

Polygons always have the same length of sides. The LOS and ORS are always identical. Draw 7
lines of symmetry when you label the shape.

It is also important to take into account the characteristics and properties of the shape in order to
recognise them.

Lastly, one important thing is the hierarchy of quadrilaterals. Squares and special rectangles as an
example.

Circumference

If the question asks to use the value of pi as 3.14, ALWAYS use it as 3.14. Do not use the calculator
value.

Straight away label the known units, especially the circumference should be labelled as well (I
made this mistake myself). After nishing your calculations, add up all your units and get your
answer (if your question asks you for the perimeter)

3D Shapes

To make a prism, basically extend the back of the shape.

To make a pyramid, all must meet at a centre point on the top of the shape.

Draw the shape out when working out the vertices, edges and faces.

For working out different views of a shape, imagine yourself shining a torchlight on the shape.
What appears on the screen is your views of the shape.

ALWAYS label the units labelled on the diagram to the scale given. (I made this mistake myself as
well)
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 Sequences and Functions

Remember WHAT is Term to Term Rule. It's basically the 2nd term minus the 1st term.

When it says the 1st Term in the question, ALWAYS start with the FIRST TERM. If it says the rst
term is 3 and the give the rst three terms, your rst term in your sequence MUST be 3. To nd the
second term, imply the Term to Term Rule on the 1st term.

ALWAYS LABEL the amount of dots/triangles/any form of icons in the sequence if they are given
or drawn. This will help you to not mess up the numbers.

To nd the nth term, Use the formula (T2T) x n x (T0). To use the nth term, imply the position
number into the nth term. For example, if the nth term rule is 4n - 6, substitute n as 1 and calculate.

For function machines, ALWAYS write down the inverse. "I do not care about how smart you are
or how good you are" - Willie 2023

Afterwards, once you wrote down the inverse, work backwards from the output to calculate the
input and vice versa.

ALWAYS remember that the input is x and the output is y. DO NOY mix up these two because if
you do, you're basically screwed

When working out the inverse operation, to the rst operation from the right to left and put
brackets on it. If it is a divide, ALWAYS use a fraction. Do not use the divide symbol because we're
not in kindergarten anymore. Be sure to do a lot of practice on sequences and functions in general
because in my opinion they are the easiest to score marks in. Remember to be careful in doing
inverse operations. Always label the function machines. (I'm sorry Willy if I'm giving false
information)

Percentages

ALWAYS change percentages in decimals when calculating percentages of a certain number. For
example, when calculating 30% of 120, convert 30% to 0.3 and then do 120 x 0.3 to get your
answer. When completing questions like "What is the percentage of 140 is 112?", do 112/140. It
applies for all questions of this category.

For nding multiplier, make sure to keep on eye of the words INCREASE and DECREASE. From
WHERE and from WHAT is also important. If the product INCREASES 40% of its price, the
multiplier will be 1.4 HOWEVER, if the product DECREASES 40% of its price, the multiplier will
be 0.6. Multipliers will help you complete questions that ask you to increase percentages of values
much quicker and is a very ef cient technique. Also use words, not arrows when indicating
percentage increase of decrease. (e.g 50% increase or 85% decrease).

Please also take note on the metrics/units. If the units are different, convert the units to the same
units, and the only proceed with your usual method to solve the question.

When completing questions like "If a value of a car drops 10% each year, what is the overall
percentage over 3 years", do 100% x 0.9 x 0.9 x 0.9. In the calculator, this will follow the sequence
from left to right and calculate your answer accordingly.

If there's anything that you're not too sure about, rely on trial and error.
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 Graphs

y is ALWAYS the output, and x is ALWAYS the input. I am repeating this for the second time,
please don't screw up on this.

When producing an equation or formula for a situation, you need to understand every single factor
of the situation and what it represents.

When producing the table of values for graphs, always put bracket when you calculate and
substitute the y and x with whichever.

ALWAYS remember the gradient. ALWAYS remember y = mx + c. m is the gradient and c is the y
intercept (gradient being the steepness of the line and y intercept being at which point that the line
crosses the y axis, when x is 0).

When guring out interceptions:

y intercept: when x is 0

x intercept: when y is 0

One thing that I want to add on is to extend the line to in nity and use CROSSES to mark the
points on the graph. In Math Set 1 F/G class today Ms Daphne said that if you put no points or no
form of plotting there is an automatic 1 mark deducted from your marks.

When nding gradient, nd two spots on the line that crosses very nicely. Find out the change in x
and the change in y. One of the most important formulas is Gradient = Changes in y divided by
Changes in x. Therefore, take your changes in y and divide it by your chances in x, and you have
the gradient of the line. While doing this, remember to count properly and not to miscount; check
your answers once the quiz is done.

When analysing graphs, make sure to use a ruler and align certain points of information with the x
or y axis. This will make you clearer of where or what the point is exactly showing you or
depicting.
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