Group 5

Members:
David, Marielle E.
Dizon, Rianne Jane T.
Morales, Ma. Lyanne Gwen
3rd Grade
Nicole G.
Naguit, Precious Elaine I.
Reyes, April Joy S.
Serafica, Shaina Mae G.
Patterns and
Algebra
 Motivation: The Line Up Game
The demonstrator will group the class into 5. Students will then arrange themselves
randomly in a straight line within their group. Then, the demonstrator will call out a
particular characteristic:
• Everyone please now line up in order of age, oldest at the front, youngest at
the back
• Everyone please now line up in first name alphabet order
• Everyone please now line up by height, shortest first
• Everyone please now line up according to your birthdays - first in the year
goes first
• Everyone please now line up according to your Hair length - longest to
shortest
The students will then rush to arrange themselves in that order, and the group to
successful completes the arrangement should all raise their hands. The demonstrator
then has to verify if the arrangement is correct. If the line is incorrect, give the players
another chance to line up and let them try again.
Demonstrator #1

Rianne
Jane T.
Dizon
01 Repeating
Patterns
Patterns and Algebra
 What is a repeating patterns?

It can be a color pattern or number

patterns, for example:
Repeating patterns
are patterns where
a group of
elements repeat
themselves as the
pattern extends.
 Example 2:

Complete the pattern.

 Example 2:

This shape arrangement follows

an order.

An arrangement that follows a

certain order is called pattern.
01 Odd and Even
Numbers
Patterns and Algebra
 What is odd and even
numbers?

An even number is What is odd and even in repeating

a number that can patterns?
be divided into
two equal
groups. An odd
number is a number
that cannot be
divided into two
equal groups.
 Example 2:
Odd and Even Numbers.
Demonstrator #2

Shaina Mae
G.
Serafica
Number 02
Sequence
Patterns and Algebra

13
 What is a number sequence?

A number sequence is a
group of number that
follows a rule while
repeating or changing.
 What can you say about the
number sequence?

5 10 15 20

25 30 35 40
 Parts of a Sequence

A sequence has three

(3) parts:
∆ Terms
∆ Rule or Pattern
∆ Sequence Ending.
 Parts of a Sequence

∆ Terms -are the

numbers that form a
sequence.
 Parts of a Sequence

∆ Rule or Pattern - is
the specific order that a
sequence follows.
 Parts of a Sequence

∆ Sequence Ending - A sequence

can stop after a few terms, or go on
forever.
If a sequence goes on forever, we
put 3 dots (...) at the end,
called ellipsis.
Parts of a Sequence
 Forward and Backward
Sequence

Sequences can
count up or down.
 Forward and Backward
Sequence
Sequences that count
up are called forward
sequences.

10,
+10 20,
+10 30,
+10 40,
50,
+10 60,
+10 ...
 Forward and Backward
Sequence
Sequences that count
down are called backward
sequences.

19,
-2 17,
-2 15,-213,
11,
-2 9,-2...
Finding the Missing
Value in a Number 02
Sentence

Patterns and Algebra

24
 What is a number sentence?

A number sentence is a
mathematical sentence,
made up of numbers and
signs.
What is a number sentence?
 Types of Number Sentences
A number sentence can use
any of the mathematical
operations from addition,
subtraction, multiplication to
division.
Types of Number Sentences
 Find the Missing Value in a
Number Sentence

43 + ___ = 47
 Find the Missing Value in a
Number Sentence

43 + ___
4 = 47
 Find the Missing Value in a
Number Sentence

11 + 13 = ___
 Find the Missing Value in a
Number Sentence

11 + 13 = 24
___
Demonstrator #3

Ma. Lyanne
Gwen
Nicole G.
Morales
03 Tessellating
Plane Figures
Patterns and Algebra
Tessellation ( Tiling ) is
a repeated pattern or
arrangement of shapes that
can fill any space with no
gaps or overlapping edges.
What is tessellation?
There are a few qualifications for a pattern to be a
tessellation. These include:
∆ Shapes cannot overlap.
∆ Shapes cannot have space between them.
∆ The patterns are created by rotating, translating, or
reflecting the shapes.

What is tessellation?
 A unit shape is a shape
that is repeated over and
over again to form a
pattern. For examples :

What is tessellation?
 Rules
REGULAR TESSELLATIONS:
RULE #1: The tessellation must tile a floor
(that goes on forever) with no overlapping
or gaps.
RULE #2: The tiles must be regular polygons
- and all the same size.
RULE #3: Each vertex must look the same.
 Rules

What is a
vertex? where all the
"corners"
meet!
Example:
 What can we tessellate
using these rules?
Triangle

Notice what happens at each vertex!

The interior angle of each equilateral triangle is
60 degrees.....
60 + 60 + 60 + 60 + 60 + 60 = 360 degrees
Determine if the shape can be
tessellate or can’t tessellate

Tessell
ate
Determine if the shape can be
tessellate or can’t tessellate

No
overla
p
 Determine if the shape can be
tessellate or can’t tessellate

Can’t
Tessell
Circle ate
Determine if the shape can be
tessellate or can’t tessellate

Overlapping
Demonstrator #4

Marielle
E. David
Symmetry 04

Patterns and Algebra

 What is symmetry?

Something is symmetrical when it

is the same on both sides. A shape
has symmetry if a central dividing
line (a mirror line) can be drawn on
it, to show that both sides of the
shape are exactly the same.
 What is symmetry?

Figures are symmetrical in relation to the dashed line.

The line is called a symmetry line. What does that
mean? Imagine that you folded the figure along
the symmetry line. Then both sides would exactly
meet. Or, if you placed a mirror along the symmetry
line, you would see the other half of the figure
reflected in the mirror.
 What is symmetry?
Is the line drawn a symmetry line for the figure? You can cut out the
images and fold them along the dashed line to check.
 What is symmetry?
Is the line drawn a symmetry line for the figure? You can cut out the
images and fold them along the dashed line to check.
Demonstrator #5

Precious
Elaine I.
Naguit
Introduction to 05
Algebra
Patterns and Algebra
 What is Algebra?

Algebra is the branch of Math that uses

alphabetical letters to find unknown numbers.
These letters are also called variables. The values
which are known in the given expression such as
numbers are called constants. Algebra involves
the simple operation of mathematics like addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division involving
both constant as well as variables. For example,
x+10 = 0.
What is Algebra?
Properties of Real 05
Numbers
Patterns and Algebra
 What is Real Numbers?

Real Numbers include many sets of

numbers: integers, fractions, decimals,
rational numbers, and irrational numbers.
The one set of numbers that is not in this
group is “imaginary numbers.” For all real
numbers x, y, and z, the following
properties apply:
 Closure Properties
Real numbers are closed under addition,
subtraction, and multiplication.
That means if a and b are real numbers,
then a + b is a unique real number, and a ⋅ b
is a unique real number.
3 and 11 are real numbers.

3 + 11 = 14 and 3 ⋅ 11 = 33 - Notice that

both 14 and 33 are real numbers.
 Commutative Properties
The commutative properties tell you that two
numbers can be added or multiplied in any
order without affecting the result. Let a and
b represent real numbers.

Commutative property of addition

a+b=b+a
3+4=4+3 both equal 7

Commutative property of multiplication

a•b=b•a
4•8=8•4 both equal 32
 Associative Properties

Changing the grouping of the numbers

in addition or multiplication will not
change the result.

Associative Property of Addition

3 + (4 + 5)= (3 + 4)+ 5 or A + (b +
c)= (a + b)+ c
Associative Property of Multiplication
(2 • 3) • 4 = 2 • (3 • 4) or (ab)c =
a(bc)
 Distributive Property

Multiplication distributes
over addition.
a(b+c )= ab + ac
3(2+5)= 3•2 + 3•5
= 6 + 15
=21
 Identity Property
That when adding or multiplying
a real number, the result is
that same real number.
Additive Identity Property
The number 0 is called the
additive identity since when it
is added to any real number, it
preserves the identity of that
number. Zero is the only
 Identity Property
Multiplicative Identity Property
The number 1 is called the
multiplicative identity since
when 1 is multiplied by any real
number, it preserves the
identity of that number. One is
the only multiplicative
identity.
For example: 6 ⋅ 1 = 6.
 Inverse Property

That when adding or multiplying

a real number, the result is
equal to such Identity Number,
ZERO for Addition and ONE for
Multiplication. For all real
numbers a, except 0 for
multiplication…
 Inverse Property
Additive Inverse Property
For each real number a there exists a
unique real number –a such that their
sum is zero.
A + (-a) = 0. In other words opposites
add to zero.

Multiplicative Inverse Property

For each real number a there exists a
unique real number 1/a such that their
product is 1.
Demonstrator #6

April Joy
S. Reyes
 Linear
06 Equations in
One Variable
Patterns and Algebra
 What is Linear Equations in
one variable?
The linear equations in one variable is
an equation which is expressed in the
form of ax+b = 0, where a and b are two
integers, and x is a variable and has
only one solution. For example, 2x+3=8
is a linear equation having a single
variable in it. Therefore, this
equation has only one solution, which
is x = 5/2. Whereas if we speak about
linear equation in two variables, it
has two solutions.
 What is Linear Equations in
one variable?
A linear equation in one variable is an
equation which has a maximum of one
variable of order 1. It is of the form
ax + b = 0, where x is the variable.

This equation has only one solution. A

few examples are:
3x = 1
22x-1=0
4x+9=-11
 Solving Linear Equations in
one variable
For solving an equation having only one
variable, the following steps are
followed:

Step 1: Using LCM, clear the

fractions if any.
Step 2: Simplify both sides of the
equation.
Step 3: Isolate the variable.
Step 4: Verify your answer.
 Example of Linear Equation in
One Variable
Let us understand the concept with the help of an example.

For solving equations with variables on both sides, the following

steps are followed:

Consider the equation: 5x – 9 = -3x + 19

Step 1: Transpose all the variables on one side of the equation. By

transpose, we mean to shift the variables from one side of the
equation to the other side of the equation. In the method of
transposition, the operation on the operand gets reversed.

In the equation 5x – 9 = -3x + 19, we transpose -3x from the right-

hand side to the left-hand side of the equality, the operation gets
reversed upon transposition and the equation becomes:

5x – 9 +3x = 19
⇒ 8x -9 = 19
 Example of Linear Equation in
One Variable
Step 2: Similarly transpose all the constant terms on the other side
of the equation as below:

8x -9 = 19

⇒ 8x = 19 + 9

⇒ 8x = 28

Step 3: Divide the equation with 8 on both sides of the equality.

8x/8 = 28/8

⇒ x = 28/8

If we substitute x = 28/8 in the equation 5x – 9 = -3x + 19, we will

get 9 = 9, thereby satisfying the equality and giving us the
required solution.
 Linear Equation in One
Variable Word Problem

Problem: The length of the legs of

an isosceles triangle is 4 meters
more than its base. If the
Perimeter of the triangle is 44
meters, find the lengths of the
sides of the triangle.
 Linear Equation in One
Variable Word Problem
Solution:

Let us assume the base measures

‘x’ meter. Hence, each of the legs
measure y = (x + 4) meters.

The Perimeter of a triangle is the

sum of the three sides.
 Linear Equation in One
Variable Word Problem
The equations are formed and solved as
follows:

x + 2(x + 4) = 44 The length of the

x + 2x + 8 = 44 base is solved as 12
3x + 8 = 44 meters. Hence, each
3x = 44 – 8 = 36 of the two legs
3x = 36 measure 16 meters.
x = 36/3
x = 12
 Linear Equation in One
Variable Word Problem

Problem: A motorboat goes

downstream in river and covers a
distance between two coastal towns in
5 hours. It covers this distance
upstream in 6 hours. If the speed of the
stream is 3 km/hr, find the speed of the
boat in still water.
 Linear Equation in One
Variable Word Problem
Solution:
Let the speed of the boat in still water = x km/hr.

Speed of the boat downstream = (x + 3) km/hr.

Time taken to cover the distance = 5 hrs

Therefore, distance covered in 5 hrs = (x + 3) × 5 (D = Speed × Time)

Speed of the boat upstream = (x - 3) km/hr

Time taken to cover the distance = 6 hrs.

Therefore, distance covered in 6 hrs = 6(x - 3)

Therefore, the distance between two coastal towns is fixed, i.e., same.
 Linear Equation in One
Variable Word Problem
According to the question,
5(x+3)=6(x-3)

⇒ 5x + 15 = 6x - 18

⇒ 5x - 6x = -18 – 15 Required speed

⇒ -x = -33 of the boat is 33
⇒ x = 33
km/hr.