Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOCOS NORTE

Mathematics 9
Quarter 4 – Module 1:
The Six Trigonometric Ratios and
the Trigonometric Ratios of
Special Acute Angles

MELCs:

• Illustrates the six trigonometric ratios: sine,

cosine, tangent, secant, cosecant, and
cotangent (M9GE-IVa-1)
• Finds the trigonometric ratios of special
angles (M9GE-IVb-c-1)

Prepared by:
 BERNADETTE MAE S. GALLEGOS KRISTEL
JANE D. DELLOS
ii

Mathematics 9
Share-A-Resource-Program
Quarter 4 – Module 1: The Six Trigonometric Ratios and the Trigonometric
Ratios of Special Acute Angles
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module

Writers: Bernadette Mae S. Gallegos

Kristel Jane D. Dellosa

Editors: Edmund T. Respicio

Heri Bert B. Pascua

Reviewers: Martina R. Agullana

Michael B. Malvar

Management Team: Joann A. Corpuz

Joye D. Madalipay
Santiago L. Baoec
Jenetrix T. Tumaneng
Martina R. Agullana

Division Design & Johnsen-Virgil P. Calili

Lay-out Artist
Printed in the Philippines by ______________________________
Schools Division of Ilocos Norte
Office Address: Brgy. 7B, Giron Street, Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
Telefax: (077) 771-0960
Telephone No.: (077) 770-5963, (077) 600-2605 E-mail
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ii
 9
Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 1:
The Six Trigonometric Ratios and
the Trigonometric Ratios of
Special Acute Angles
Introductory Message
This Contextualized Learning Module (CLM) is prepared so that you, our
dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to
understand each lesson with ease.
This CLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-
bystep as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-test is provided to measure your prior knowledge on the lesson. This will
show you if you need to proceed in completing this module or if you need to ask
your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson.
At the end of this module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for all activities and tests. We trust that you
will be honest in using them.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher is also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you in your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this CLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. Likewise, read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any question in using this CLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
Pre-Assessment
Directions. Find out how much you already know about the topics in this module. Choose
the letter of the correct answer. Take note of the items that you were not able to answer
correctly and find the right answer as you go through this module.

1. What is the inverse of Sine?

A. Cosecant C. Cotangent
B. Cosine D. Secant
2. What is the trigonometric ratio for tangent?

A. C.

B. D.
3. If the measure of one acute angle in a right triangle is 55°, what would be the measure
of the other acute angle?
A. 15 C. 35
B. 25 D. 45
4. Using the figure, what is the trigonometric ratio for cos A?

A. C.

B. D.
5. If the measure of the given angle is 15° and its opposite side
measures 2 cm, what is the measure of its hypotenuse?
A. 7.25 C. 7.73
B. 7.37 D. 7.77
6. Find the perimeter of a square whose diagonal is 18 2 cm long.
A. 36 cm C. 36 2 cm
B. 72 cm D. 144 cm 18 cm
7. What is the area of the parallelogram given at the right?
A. 72 cm2 C. 216 cm2
B. 108 cm2 D. 108 3cm2 60 ⁰

8. Each side of a square is 30 cm. How long is its diagonal?

A. 10 3cm C. 30 3cm
B. 30 2 cm D. 60 cm
9. What is the area of an equilateral triangle if each side measures 18 dm long?
A. 81 3 dm2 C. 18 3 dm2
B. 81 dm2 D. 18 dm2
10. How long is the altitude of an equilateral triangle if each side measures 12 cm?
A. 6 cm C. 12 cm
B. 6 3cm D. 12 3cm
 Lesson
The Six Trigonometric
1 Ratios

What I Know

Directions. Find out how much you already know about the lesson. Choose the letter of
the correct answer. Take note of the items that you were not able to answer correctly and
find the right answer as you go through this module.
For numbers 1 – 6, refer to the figure at the right.
1. With respect to the given angle, what is the ratio of hypotenuse
and adjacent side?
A. sine C. tangent
B. cosine D. secant
2. With respect to angle Y, what is the adjacent side?
A. ̅𝐴𝑌̅̅ C. ̅𝐴𝐷̅̅
B. ̅𝐷𝑌̅̅ D. d
3. What is the ratio form for cos A?

A. 5/3 B. 3/4 C. 5/4 D. 4/3

4. What is the trigonometric ratio for tan A?
A. 3/5 B. 3/4 C. 4/5 D. 4/3
5. What is the trigonometric ratio for csc Y?
A. 5/4 B. 4/5 C. 3/4 D. 4/3
6. What is the ratio form for cot Y?
A. 4/5 B. 3/5 C. 4/3 D. 3/4

For numbers 7 – 10, refer to the figure at the right.

7. What is the measure of ̅𝐴𝑃̅̅?
A. 1 C. 3√5
B. 3 D. 5√3
8. What is the measure of ̅𝐿𝑃̅̅?
A. 1 C. √2 D. 3√2
B. 2
9. What is measure of ∡𝑃?
A. 45° B. 55° C. 75° D. 90°
10. What is the measure of ∡𝐴?
A. 45° B. 55° C. 75° D. 90°
 What’s In

Direction. Answer the following mental tasks.

I. Arrange the following words to form the correct word for familiarization.
Jumbled Letters Correct Terms
T O S E P I P O 1.

C A N J E D A T 2.

G T I R H
3.
N E L A G
T H I R GN E T
4.
G I L A R
I T A R O 5.

II. Match the following terms to their respective ratio. Write you answer on
the space provided before the item.
TRIGO RATIO

________ 1. sin A.

________ 2. cos

________ 3. tan

________ 4. cot D.
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
E. ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
________ 5. sec 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒

________ 6. csc F.

What’s New
I. Identify the given side of the triangle that is related to the given angle
OPPOSITE ADJACENT OPPOSITE ADJACENT
SIDE SIDE SIDE SIDE

1. ∠𝑆 ∠𝐻
2. ∠𝐵 ∠𝑇

3. ∠𝐴 ∠𝑆

4. ∠𝐵 ∠𝐸

5. ∠𝑌 ∠𝑁
II. Find the trigonometric ratios of the angles.

∡𝑼 ∡𝒀
sin
cos
tan
cot
sec
csc

What Is It

THE SIX TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS

 Note: SOH - CAH - TOA is a mnemonic for remembering equations.

Example 1. Identifying the side of a triangle.

Given Angle ∡𝐾 ∡𝑌
Opposite Side k y
Adjacent Side y k

HYPOTENUSE will always be the opposite side of the right angle.

Example 2. Find the trigonometric ratios of the triangle.

Example 3: Find the unknown measures of the
triangle

K Y k e y
𝟔𝟖° 10 cm

Solutions:
∡𝑌 = ______
Since the total measures of a triangle is 180° and we all know that the
measure of the right angle is 90°, then there will a 90° remaining to be
distributed to the 2 acute angles.

Given ∡𝐾 = 68°, we get

90° − 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
90° − 68° = 𝟐𝟐°
e = _______
Since the given measure are ∡𝐾 and its opposite side, then we can use
the sine formula.

(Multiply both sides by e.)

e sin 68° = 10 (Divide both side by sin 68°.)
10
(Evaluate.)
y = _______
 Since the given is the opposite side of the given angle and we are
looking for the adjacent side of the given angle, then we will use the
tangent.

Multiply both sides by y.)

𝑦 tan 68° = 10 (Divide both sides by tan 68°.)

(Evaluate.) FINAL
ANSWER: y = 4.04
K Y k e y
a. 68° 𝟐𝟐° 10 cm 10.79 4.04

What’s More

Independent Activity 1: Exemplifying the Craft

I. Direction. Find the trigonometric ratios of the triangle.
 ∡𝑊 ∡𝑁
sin
cos
tan
cot
sec
csc
II. Direction. Find the unknown measures.

W N w u n
𝟓𝟎° 2 cm

Independent Assessment 1

Directions. Fill in the table.

I. Identify the side of the triangle that is related to the given angle.
1. 2.
∠𝑀 ∠𝐸 ∠𝑂 ∠𝐺
Opposite Opposite
Adjacent Adjacent

3. 4.
∠𝐵 ∠𝑅 ∠𝐾 ∠𝑆
Opposite Opposite
Adjacent Adjacent

5. 6.
∠𝐿 ∠𝑌 ∠𝑊 ∠𝑂
Opposite Opposite
Adjacent Adjacent

II. Find the trigonometric ratios of the given triangle and the given
acute angle.

1. ∠𝑂 2. ∠𝐺 3. ∠𝐿 4. ∠𝑌
sin
cos
 tan
cot
sec
csc

Independent Assessment 2
Direction. Find the equivalent value of the ratios of the angles.

1. ∠𝑂 2. ∠𝑊 3. ∠𝑀 4. ∠𝐸
sin
cos
tan
cot
sec
csc

5. ∠𝐵 6. ∠𝑅 7. ∠𝐾 8. ∠𝑆
sin
cos
tan
cot
sec
csc
 9. ∠𝑂 10. ∠𝐺
sin
cos
tan
cot
sec
csc

Independent Assessment 3
Direction. Find the unknown measure of the triangle. Use your calculator.
Express answers in 2 decimal places.

O G o m g
1. 52° 8 cm

2. 48° 2 cm

3. 25° 10 cm

4. 15° 5 cm

5. 30° 6 cm
 What I Can Do

Direction. Write a brief essay using the following questions.

1. How can you put into real life the ideas / information you have learned in
this lesson?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. Explain this quote, "Trigonometry is a Sine of the Times.”

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
Assessment

∡𝑼 ∡𝑷
sin

cos

tan

cot

sec

csc

W N w u n

𝟑𝟎° 30 cm

Lesson
The Trigonometric Ratios
2 of Special Acute Angles

What I Know
Directions. Find out how much you already know about the lesson. Answer
the following items. Take note of the items that you were not able to answer
correctly and find the right answer as you go through this module.

A. Write T if the statement is correct, otherwise, write F.

1. The hypotenuse of a right triangle is the longest of the three sides.

2. In a 30⁰ - 60⁰ - 90⁰ triangle, the hypotenuse is half the shorter leg.
3. In a 30⁰ - 60⁰ - 90⁰ triangle, the ratio of the longer leg to the shorter
leg is 3 .
4. In a 45⁰ - 45⁰ - 90⁰ triangle, the ratio of the hypotenuse to a leg is 3 .

B. Read each statement carefully then choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.

For numbers 5 – 6, refer to the figure at the right.

1. What is the value of y?

x 9
A. 18

C. 60 ⁰
93 y

B. 5

D. 3 3 45 ⁰ 7
x
2. What is the value of x?
A. 18
C. 6 3
B. 5 D.
33
3. In the triangle at the right, what is the value of x?
A. 72 C.
14
72
B. D. 7 3
2
4. Which of the following cannot be a value of a cosine ratio?
3
A. C.
22
B. D.
2

5. Which of the following cannot be a value of a secant ratio?

 23
A. 2 C.
3
2
B. 2 D.
2
6. What is the value of sec 30° + cot 60°?

A. C.
3
B. 1 D.
3

What’s In

Direction. Get a piece of paper and do activity 1 and 2.

Activity 1:
1. On a piece of paper, draw a square.
2. Set the length of each side to 1.
3. Cut the square along a diagonal. What triangles are formed?
4. Indicate the right angle in the triangle.
5. Determine the exact length of the hypotenuse using the Pythagorean
theorem.
6. Label the hypotenuse and all other sides and angles.
7. Write the primary trigonometric ratios for 45° (SOH – CAH – TOA)
8. Rewrite the primary trigonometric ratios with rationalized denominators.

Activity 2:
1. On a piece of paper, draw an equilateral triangle.
2. Set the length of each side to 2.
3. What are the measures of the angles of the triangle?
4. Label each angle.
5. Divide the triangle into two identical triangles using an altitude.
6. The base of the triangle is now divided into equal portions of length
7. Consider only one of the new triangles.
8. Indicate the right angle in the new triangle.
9. What is the third angle in the new triangle?
10. Determine the exact height (altitude) using the Pythagorean theorem.
11. Label the altitude (and all other sides and angles) with their measures.
12. Write the primary trigonometric ratios for 30° and 60° in the triangle.
13. Rewrite the primary trigonometric ratios with
rationalized denominators.

What’s New

Directions. Based on the results of the activities above, complete the table
for the primary and secondary trigonometric ratios for special angles. (Note:
These values will be used in finding the values of special acute angles.)

Trigonometric Ratios of Special Angles

θ sin θ cos θ tan θ csc θ sec θ cot θ

30°
√3

45°
√2

60°
√3
 What Is It

In Geometry, the following sides of special right triangles are related as

follows:

hypotenuse

leg 30° – 60° – 90° Right Triangle

45° – 45° – 90° Right Triangle
Theorem
In a 45° – 45° – 90° triangle,
✔ the legs are congruent
✔ the length of the hypotenuse is
2 times the length of a leg
✔hypotenuse = 2times the leg
Theorem
In a 30° – 60° – 90° triangle; ✔
the length of the hypotenuse is
twice the length of the shorter
leg
✔ the length of the longer leg is
3 times the length of the shorter leg
✔ hypotenuse = 2 times the
shorter leg

hypotenuse

leg shorter leg

longer leg
 ✔ longer leg = 3times the shorter
leg

Examples: Find the unknown length of the indicated side.

1. 2.

8
x8 2 x 2
2
x 4 2
x8 2

3. 4.

x8 3 x
6

2 x8 3x3
y 3 3
y 3 3

y82

y16

Since you already know how to solve for the unknown length of a
special right triangle, we now evaluate given expressions without using a
scientific calculator. You will be using the table of values of the trigonometric
ratios for the special angles 30⁰, 45⁰ and 60⁰ obtained in the previous
activities.

Examples:

1. Find the exact value of sin 30° – cos 60°.

 Solution:

sin 30° – cos 60° = 

=0

2. Find the exact value of sin2 30° + cos2 45°.

Solution: sin2 30° + cos2 45° = (sin 30°)2 +

(cos 45°)2

= 122  222



= 

3. Find the exact value of 6 cos 45° + 3 sec 45°.

Solution:

 2 
6 cos 45° + 3 sec 45° = 6 3 2
 2 

= 3 23 2
=62

4. If x = 45°, show that sec2 x + tan x = 3.

Solution:
Substitute x with 45°, we have

sec2 45° + tan 45° = (sec 45°)2 + tan 45°

2

=  2 1
= 2+1
= 3
Hand Mnemonics

You can also study the hand mnemonic for you to easily remember the
value of special acute angles.

Examples:

What’s More

Independent Assessment 1
Direction. Solve for the unknown length/s.
1. 2. 3.
 4. 6.

9.

Xxxxxx 5.

7. 8.
10.

Independent Assessment 2
Direction. Evaluate the given expressions without using a scientific
calculator.

1. (sin 30°)2 + (cos 45°)2

2. sec 30° + cot 60°

3. 2 sin 30° + 3 cos 60° – 3 tan 45°

4. 3(cos 30°)2 – 2(sin 30°)2

5. (sec 30°)(cos 30°) – (tan 60°)(cot 60°)

What I Have Learned

Direction. Complete the following statement.
 1
In a 45⁰-45⁰-90⁰ triangle (isosceles right triangle), the hypotenuse is ____ ___
2
_ times the length of a ________ while in a 30⁰-60⁰-90⁰ triangle (scalene right
4
triangle), the length of the hypotenuse is ________3 as long as the ________
5 6
leg, and the length of the ________ leg is ________ times as long as the
shorter leg.

What I Can Do
Directions. Illustrate the given word problems then solve. Express answers
in radical form and decimal to nearest hundredths.

1. If a diagonal of the square is 8√2, what is the area of the square?

2. The shorter leg of a 30°-60°-90° triangle is 7.4 meters long. Find the
perimeter.

3. A bookcase is 3√3 feet high and 3√3 feet wide. Two braces are going to
be built to diagonally across the back of the case. How long is the
piece of wood that is needed to build each brace?

4. The baseball diamond is in the shape of a square with each side being

37√6 feet. If the catcher throws out a runner at second base who was
trying to steal, how far does he need to throw the ball?

5. An extension ladder forming a 60 angle with the ground is placed

against an outside wall. The top of the ladder touches a windowsill
that is 12 feet high.
a) To what length is the ladder extended?
b) How far from the wall is the bottom of the ladder?
 Assessment

A. Write T if the statement is correct, otherwise, write F.

1. The hypotenuse of a right triangle is the longest of the three sides.

2. In a 30⁰ - 60⁰ - 90⁰ triangle, the shorter leg is half the hypotenuse.
3. In a 30⁰ - 60⁰ - 90⁰ triangle, the ratio of the longer leg to the shorter
leg is 3 .
4. In a 45⁰ - 45⁰ - 90⁰ triangle, the ratio of the hypotenuse to a leg is 3 .

B. Read each statement carefully then choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.
For numbers 5 – 6, refer to the figure at the right.
1. What is the value of y?
A. 18
x 9
C.
93 60 ⁰
y
B. 5

D. 3 3 45 ⁰ 7
x
2. What is the value of x?
A. 18

C. 6 3
B. 5
D. 3 3
3. In the triangle at the right, what is the value of x?
A. 72
C. 14
72
B. D. 7 3
2
4. Which of the following cannot be a value of a cosine ratio?
3
A. C.
2
2
B. D.
2
 5. Which of the following cannot be a value of a secant ratio?
23
A. 2
C.
3
2
B. 2
D.
2
6. What is the value of sec 30° + cot 60°?

A.
C. 3
B. 1
D.
3

Additional Activities

Direction. Answer the following problem systematically. Consider the

illustration for your reference.

Find the shadow cast by a 10 feet lamp post when the angle of
elevation of the sun is 𝟓𝟖°. Find the length to the nearest hundredth of
a foot.
References

• Andres, Sherwin R. Natividad, Eldefenso B. Pastor, Mark Joseph D.,

2014. Simplified Math for Grade 7. Makati, Philippines. SALINLAHI
Publishing House, Inc.
• Nivera, Gladys C. and Minie Rose C. Lapinid. Grade 9 Mathematics.
Patterns and Practicalities. Salesiana BOOKS by Don Bosco Press, Inc.

• SDOIN Activity Sheets in Mathematics 9

• https://www.ck12.org/trigonometry/trigonometry-wordproblems/
lesson/Trigonometry-Word-Problems-GEOM/

• https://www.slideshare.net/jmpalero/mathematics-9-
sixtrigonometric-ratios

• https://mathbitsnotebook.com