Project Title: Magnet Powered Electrical Generator Project Proposal

Project Objective:
The objective of this project is to design and construct a magnet-powered electrical
generator that can be used to generate a small amount of electrical power and power a light
bulb. The goal is to demonstrate the principles of electromagnetic induction and create a
functional, self-powered electrical generator using the provided materials.

Materials Needed:

1. Plywood (Base) 6. Magnets 11. Receptacle

2. Dynamo 7. Steel wire 12. Light Bulb
3. Syringe 8. Outlet 13. Electrical Wire
4. Bearing 9. Cutter 14. Soldering Iron
5. Carved wood 10. Nail 15. Pliers (Long Nose)

Design Plan:

1. Prepare the Base:

Use the plywood to create a stable base for the project. Ensure that the base is large
enough to accommodate all the components.
2. Assemble the Rotor:
Attach the dynamo to the base, ensuring that it can spin freely. Secure the bearing to the
base, allowing the dynamo to rotate smoothly. Attach the carved wood piece to the dynamo,
creating a rotor. Place the magnets around the syringe attached to the carved wood, ensuring
they are evenly spaced.
3. Construct the Stator:
Attach the steel wire below the syringe. Secure the wire around the nail on its end ensuring
it is close to the rotating magnets on the rotor. Connect the ends of the coil to the electrical
wire.
4. Assemble the Electrical Circuit:
Connect the electrical wire from the stator coil to the outlet or receptacle. Attach the light
bulb to the outlet or receptacle, completing the electrical circuit.
5. Test and Refine:
Manually spin the dynamo and observe the light bulb. Experiment with the number of
magnets, the number of turns in the coil, and the distance between the magnets and the coil to
optimize the generator’s performance. Adjust the positioning of the components as needed to
ensure smooth operation and maximum power generation.
6. Enhance and Improve:
Explore ways to improve the generator’s efficiency, such as using a more powerful motor
to spin the rotor or incorporating a gear system to increase the rotational speed. Investigate
the possibility of incorporating additional features, such as a charging circuit or a voltmeter to
monitor the generated voltage.
7. Safety Precautions:
Emphasize safety precautions, especially when working with water and electrical
components. Ensure proper supervision, especially for younger students, to prevent accidents.
8. Documentation and Reflection:
 Document the design and construction process, including materials used, assembly steps,
and testing results. Reflect on the challenges faced during the project and any improvements
that could be made for future iterations.

According to Supardi, A., & Dzikri, N. M. (2019), One type of generator used in renewable
power generation systems is a permanent magnet generator. This generator provides a
constant excitation produced by a permanent magnet, but does not provide a mechanism to
regulate the excitation current. It can also directly generate a voltage when the rotor has
been rotated, but it is quite difficult to control the output voltage when the load is changed.

Theories:

A magnet-powered generator applies several key physics theories:

1. Electromagnetic Induction (Faraday’s Law):

This fundamental principle states that a changing magnetic field in a conductor induces an
electromotive force (EMF), or voltage, in the conductor. In your project, spinning the magnet
near the coil creates a changing magnetic field within the coil. This changing field pushes and
pulls on the electrons in the wire, causing them to flow and create a current. Electromagnetic
(EM) techniques are the methods widely utilized for locating conductive and metallic objects
in the subsurface. The foundation concept of EM induction is that any time-varying EM field
will cause current to flow in any conductive (or semiconductive) object that it encounters.
(Daniels, J. J., Vendl, M., Ehsani, M. R., & Allred, B. J. (2008).

2. Motional EMF (Electromotive Force):

This is a specific case of Faraday’s Law where the movement between a magnet and a
conductor (or vice versa) is what induces the EMF. In our project, the spinning magnet
creates the relative motion between the magnet and the stationary coil, resulting in the
current. FRONTLINE downwards along the U-shaped copper rod, which lies on the inclined
perspex. As the aluminum rod has not entered the magnetic field region yet, there is no
induced current flow and its downward acceleration is the gravitational acceleration. The
aluminum rod accelerates as its gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy.
Lyna, K., & Leong, B. K. (2012).

3. Law of Conservation of Energy:

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. Your magnet-powered generator

doesn’t create new energy, but converts the mechanical energy of spinning the magnet into
electrical energy in the coil. There will always be some energy loss due to friction and
inefficiencies. In a closed system, the total energy of this system remains unchanged. Because
the law of conservation of energy is the most important one in natural sciences, it should play
an increasingly great role. For this reason and according to the principle of the uniqueness of
truth, the New Newton Mechanics (NNM) taking law of conservation of energy as unique
source law. Yuhua, F. (2015).
 4. Magnetic Fields:

The project utilizes the properties of magnetic fields. The strength and direction of the
magnetic field from the magnet will influence the amount of current induced in the coil. A
stronger magnet will generally produce a larger current. Magnetic fields, described by
Michael Faraday in the 19th century, are regions where magnetic materials or moving electric
charges experience a force (Faraday, 1831). This fundamental force is governed by Maxwell’s
equations, which illustrate the behavior of electric and magnetic fields (Maxwell, 1865).
Understanding magnetic fields is crucial in diverse areas, including particle accelerators,
medical imaging (such as MRI), and power generation.

5. Lenz’s Law:

This law builds upon Faraday’s Law and describes the direction of the induced current. The
induced current will always flow in a direction that opposes the change in the magnetic field
that created it. In your project, the current in the coil will create a magnetic field that tries to
resist the motion of the original magnet. Lenz’s Law, proposed by Heinrich Lenz in 1834,
states that the direction of the induced electromotive force (EMF) generated by a changing
magnetic field opposes the change that produced it (Lenz, 1834). This law is a consequence
of the conservation of energy and is fundamental in understanding electromagnetic induction
phenomena, such as in transformers and electric generators.

References:

Daniels, J. J., Vendl, M., Ehsani, M. R., & Allred, B. J. (2008). Electromagnetic induction
methods. Handbook of agricultural geophysics, 109-128.

Faraday, M. (1831). “Experimental Researches in Electricity.” Philosophical Transactions of

the Royal Society of London, 121, 1–12.

Lenz, H. F. (1834). “On the determination of the direction of the magnetic effects caused by
electric currents.” Annals of Physics and Chemistry, 106(1), 267–288.

Lyna, K., & Leong, B. K. (2012). A simple demonstration of motional electromotive force.
Physics Education, 47(2), 147.

Maxwell, J. C. (1865). “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field.” Philosophical

Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 155, 459–512.

Supardi, A., & Dzikri, N. M. (2019, June). A prototype of low power permanent magnet
generator for renewable energy applications. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol.
2114, No. 1). AIP Publishing.
Yuhua, F. (2015). New Newton Mechanics Taking Law of Conservation of Energy as Unique
Source Law. Science Journal of Physics, 2013.

Boni Joshua Benson Kenneth Duhaylungsod

Earl John Cortez Phejie Collamar