Project Title

journals management system

 CONTENTS

Sl no TOPIC Page no.

1 INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT 3

2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT 3

3 SYSTEM ANALYSIS 7

4 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION 10

5 SYSTEM DESIGN 20

6 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM 23

7 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM 28

8 DATA STRUCTURE 30

9 IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING 34

10 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 41

11 CONCLUSION 42

12 BIBLIOGRAPHY 43

0
 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION ABOUT PROJECT

In the digital age, the management of academic and professional journals is becoming increasingly
complex. With the proliferation of research articles and the evolution of publishing formats, there
arises a need for an efficient and systematic solution to manage the vast array of scholarly content.
The Journals Management System (JMS) emerges as a comprehensive tool designed to streamline
the processes involved in the publication, dissemination, and archival of scholarly works.

JMS serves as a centralized platform catering to the diverse needs of publishers, editors, reviewers,
authors, and readers within the academic and scientific communities. By leveraging advanced
technologies and intuitive interfaces, JMS facilitates seamless communication, collaboration, and
workflow management throughout the entire lifecycle of a journal article.
This system offers a plethora of features tailored to enhance efficiency and productivity in journal
management. From manuscript submission and peer review to editorial decision-making and
publication, JMS automates repetitive tasks, reduces administrative burdens, and ensures
adherence to established publishing standards. Additionally, it provides robust tools for content
indexing, metadata management, and search functionalities, thereby facilitating easy access to
relevant research literature.

Furthermore, JMS prioritizes transparency, integrity, and accessibility in scholarly publishing. It

implements stringent measures for plagiarism detection, copyright compliance, and ethical
considerations to uphold the credibility and trustworthiness of published content. Moreover, JMS
supports open access initiatives, enabling unrestricted access to knowledge and fostering greater
collaboration and innovation within the academic community.
In summary, the Journals Management System represents a transformative solution that
revolutionizes the way academic journals are managed and disseminated. By harnessing the power
of technology and innovation, JMS empowers stakeholders in the scholarly publishing ecosystem to
navigate the complexities of modern research dissemination with efficiency, transparency, and
integrity.

1
 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT:

The Journals Management System (JMS) project aims to revolutionize the scholarly publishing
landscape by streamlining the complex processes involved in journal management. With a focus on
efficiency enhancement, JMS automates routine tasks such as manuscript submission, peer review
coordination, and editorial decision-making, reducing administrative overhead and accelerating the
publication workflow. By providing centralized communication channels and tools for quality
assurance, JMS fosters transparent collaboration among authors, editors, reviewers, and
publishers, ensuring the integrity and credibility of published content. Moreover, JMS prioritizes the
author experience by offering intuitive submission interfaces and real-time status updates, while
also supporting initiatives for open access publishing to promote accessibility and inclusivity. With
robust data management and analysis capabilities, JMS empowers publishers and editors to track
performance metrics, monitor publication trends, and make informed decisions to optimize journal
operations. Ultimately, the Journals Management System seeks to enhance the efficiency,
transparency, and integrity of scholarly publishing, facilitating broader dissemination of knowledge
and fostering collaboration and innovation within the academic community.

2
 PROJECT OVERVIEW:

The Journals Management System (JMS) is a comprehensive software solution

designed to streamline the management of academic and professional journals. It
serves as a centralized platform for publishers, editors, reviewers, authors, and
readers, facilitating efficient communication, collaboration, and workflow
management throughout the entire lifecycle of a journal article.

PROJECT SCOPE:

 Functional Requirements: JMS will include features for manuscript submission, peer review
management, editorial decision-making, publication, and post-publication processes.
Functionalities such as user registration, role-based access control, manuscript tracking,
communication tools, and reporting capabilities will be incorporated to support efficient
journal management.

 User Interfaces: The system will feature intuitive user interfaces for authors, editors,
reviewers, and administrators, facilitating easy navigation and interaction with the platform.
Each user role will have access to specific functionalities tailored to their respective
responsibilities in the journal management process.

 Integration with External Systems: JMS may integrate with external systems or services for
tasks such as plagiarism detection, indexing, DOI assignment, and payment processing.
Seamless integration with existing publishing platforms or databases may also be considered
to streamline data exchange and enhance interoperability.

 Data Management and Security: The project will address data management requirements,
including storage, retrieval, backup, and archival of journal content, as well as compliance
with data protection regulations and best practices for information security. Measures will
be implemented to safeguard sensitive information and prevent unauthorized access or
data breaches.

 Scalability and Performance: JMS will be designed to accommodate the scalability needs of
journals of varying sizes and disciplines, supporting a growing volume of submissions, users,
and content. Performance optimization measures will be implemented to ensure fast
response times and reliable operation, even under heavy usage loads.

 Training and Support: The project may include provisions for user training and ongoing
technical support to assist stakeholders in effectively utilizing the JMS platform.
Documentation, tutorials, and helpdesk services may be provided to address user inquiries,
troubleshoot issues, and facilitate smooth adoption of the system.

3
 Quality Assurance and Testing: Comprehensive testing will be conducted throughout the
development lifecycle to ensure the reliability, usability, and functionality of the JMS
platform. Testing methodologies may include unit testing, integration testing, system
testing, and user acceptance testing to identify and address any defects or inconsistencies.

 Regulatory Compliance: JMS will adhere to relevant regulatory requirements and industry
standards governing scholarly publishing, including but not limited to copyright laws, ethical
guidelines, publication ethics, and open access mandates. Compliance with standards such
as COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) guidelines may also be considered.

4
 CHAPTER-

2 SYSTEM

ANALYSIS

During the system analysis phase of the Journals Management System (JMS) project,
requirements are meticulously gathered from stakeholders involved in academic
journal management. Utilizing techniques such as interviews, surveys, and
workshops, system analysts delve into the needs and preferences of publishers,
editors, reviewers, authors, and readers. These requirements are then analyzed to
identify patterns, dependencies, and conflicts, categorizing them into functional and
non-functional categories. Validation with stakeholders ensures that the identified
requirements align closely with their expectations and objectives. Use case modeling
is employed to capture interactions between system actors and the JMS, illustrated
through diagrams such as use case diagrams and activity diagrams. Additionally, data
modeling defines the structure of relevant data entities, including users, manuscripts,
reviews, and publications, through entity-relationship diagrams or class diagrams.
Throughout this phase, a keen focus is placed on designing a robust system
architecture that considers scalability, performance, security, and interoperability.
Potential risks are identified and analyzed, with mitigation strategies developed to
address them effectively. Prototypes or proof-of-concept implementations are
developed to validate design decisions and gather stakeholder feedback, aiding in
refining requirements and ensuring user needs are met. Lastly, a feasibility study is
conducted to assess the project's technical, economic, and operational viability,
guiding decisions on project feasibility

EXISTING SYSTEM :

In the existing system of academic and professional journal management, processes

are predominantly manual, relying on traditional methods such as paper-based
submissions and email communication. This manual approach often leads to
inefficiencies and challenges in managing the publication workflow. Communication
among authors, editors, reviewers, and publishers is fragmented, occurring through
multiple channels and lacking a centralized platform for coordination. As a result,
transparency and accountability in the publication process are limited, with
stakeholders having difficulty tracking the status of submissions and reviews.
Moreover, ensuring the quality and integrity of published content poses challenges.

5
 LIMITATIONS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM:

The maintenance of various records and procedure of reporting are

being done manually by the counseling department. This leads to
many drawbacks some of which are:

The existing system of academic and professional journal management is

characterized by several limitations. Primarily, it relies heavily on manual processes,
including paper-based submissions and email communication, which often result in
inefficiencies, errors, and delays. Communication among authors, editors, reviewers,
and publishers is fragmented and lacks a centralized platform for coordination,
leading to miscommunication and difficulties in tracking correspondence. Moreover,
the absence of a centralized system hampers transparency and accountability in the
publication process, with stakeholders having limited visibility into the status of
submissions and reviews. Managing journal submissions and peer reviews manually
requires significant resources, including personnel, time, and administrative
overhead, which may strain resources and hinder scalability. Ensuring the quality and
integrity of published content is also challenging without robust tools for plagiarism
detection and ethical compliance checks, potentially compromising the credibility of
published research. Additionally, access to scholarly content may be restricted due to
subscription-based models, limiting the dissemination of knowledge. The manual
nature of the existing system may also pose security risks, such as loss of confidential
information or unauthorized access to sensitive data. In summary, the limitations of
the existing system underscore the need for a more efficient, transparent, and
scalable solution to streamline journal management processes .

6
 PROPOSED SYSTEM :

Introduction

The proposed Journals Management System (JMS) represents a significant

advancement in the management of academic and professional journals. Designed to
address the limitations of traditional manual processes, the JMS offers a
comprehensive solution that streamlines journal management workflows, enhances
transparency, and promotes efficiency in scholarly publishing.

At its core, the JMS introduces automation to key aspects of journal management,
including manuscript submission, peer review coordination, editorial decision-
making, and publication. By replacing paper-based submissions and fragmented
communication channels with a centralized platform, the JMS enables seamless
collaboration among authors, editors, reviewers, and publishers, significantly
reducing administrative burdens and accelerating the publication timeline.

One of the key advantages of the proposed system is its focus on transparency and
accountability. With robust tracking mechanisms and real-time status updates,
stakeholders have full visibility into the progress of submissions and reviews,
fostering trust and confidence in the publication process. Additionally, the JMS
incorporates tools for quality assurance, including plagiarism detection and ethical
compliance checks, ensuring the integrity.

8
 Features Of The Proposed System:

The proposed system will aim to automate all the activities and eliminate
all the drawbacks that the existing system of manual operation faces.
The important features of functionality of the proposed system are listed
below-

The Journals Management System (JMS) is envisioned to offer a comprehensive suite

of features tailored to enhance the management of academic and professional
journals. Authors will benefit from a streamlined manuscript submission process,
facilitated by a user-friendly interface enabling easy file uploads, document
formatting, and metadata entry. Editors will have robust tools at their disposal for
managing the peer review process efficiently, including the assignment of reviewers,
tracking review progress, and making informed editorial decisions based on reviewer
feedback. Moreover, the system will automate the publication workflow, managing
manuscript revisions, final approvals, and publication scheduling seamlessly.
Communication among stakeholders will be greatly improved through built-in
communication tools, allowing for seamless collaboration and real-time notifications.
The system will prioritize transparency and accountability by providing stakeholders
with the ability to track the status of submissions, reviews, and editorial decisions
throughout the publication process. Additionally, JMS will incorporate features for
quality assurance, such as plagiarism detection and ethical compliance checks,
ensuring the integrity and credibility of published content. Furthermore, support for
open access initiatives will enable unrestricted access to scholarly content, fostering
broader dissemination of knowledge. Users will also benefit from robust search and
discovery functionalities, facilitating easy access to relevant research articles. Finally,
publishers and editors will have access to analytics and reporting tools for tracking
key performance indicators and monitoring publication trends, enabling data-driven
decision-making and optimization of journal operations

8
 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION

REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION:

The Journals Management System (JMS) demands a robust technological

infrastructure to ensure seamless operation and efficient management of scholarly
publications. Firstly, it requires dedicated servers with ample storage capacity and
sufficient RAM to handle the storage and processing demands of manuscript
submissions, reviewer feedback, and publication data. Compatible operating systems
such as Linux, Windows, or macOS are necessary, alongside web server software like
Apache or Nginx to host the JMS application. Furthermore, a reliable relational
database management system (RDBMS) such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, or Oracle is
essential for storing and managing vast amounts of journal-related data.
Development of the system may involve programming languages like Java, Python, or
PHP for backend development, complemented by HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for
frontend development. Leveraging frameworks and libraries such as Spring Boot,
Django, or Laravel for backend development, and React, Angular, or Vue.js for
frontend development, can expedite development and enhance performance. In
terms of network infrastructure, secure internet connectivity is imperative for user
access and communication with external services. Implementation of secure
communication protocols like HTTPS, along with firewalls and intrusion detection
systems, is crucial to safeguard data confidentiality and integrity during transmission.
Overall, meeting these system requirements is paramount to the successful
implementation and operation of the Journals Management System.

8
 Problem Statement:

The traditional methods of managing academic and professional journals are

plagued by inefficiencies, limitations, and challenges that hinder the smooth
operation and effectiveness of scholarly publishing. Manual processes, fragmented
communication channels, and lack of transparency pose significant obstacles to the
timely dissemination of research findings and the integrity of published content.
Authors, editors, reviewers, and publishers face numerous difficulties in coordinating
manuscript submissions, peer reviews, editorial decisions, and publication workflows,
resulting in delays, errors, and frustration.
Furthermore, the absence of robust tools for quality assurance, such as plagiarism
detection and ethical compliance checks, compromises the credibility and
trustworthiness of published content. Access to scholarly knowledge may also be
restricted due to subscription-based models, hindering the broader dissemination of
research findings and limiting collaboration and innovation within the academic
community. Additionally, scalability constraints and security risks associated with
existing systems further exacerbate the challenges faced by stakeholders in the
scholarly publishing ecosystem.
Therefore, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive and efficient solution that
addresses these challenges and revolutionizes the way academic and professional
journals are managed and disseminated. A sophisticated Journals Management
System (JMS) is required to streamline journal management processes, enhance
transparency and accountability, ensure the quality and integrity of published
content, promote open access initiatives, and facilitate broader dissemination of
knowledge. Such a system will empower stakeholders to navigate the complexities of
modern scholarly publishing with confidence, efficiency, and integrity, ultimately
advancing research dissemination and fostering collaboration and innovation within
the academic community.

8
SOFTWARE & HARDWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

 Introduction
Provide an overview of the software and hardware requirements for the
system.Specify the purpose and scope of the document.

For hardware requirements, the system necessitates dedicated servers capable of hosting
the application, database, and associated services. These servers should possess ample
storage capacity to accommodate manuscript submissions, reviewer feedback, and
publications, with scalability to handle growing data volumes. Furthermore, sufficient
memory (RAM) is essential to support concurrent user access and data processing,
ensuring optimal performance.

In terms of software requirements, the servers should run on stable operating systems
like Linux (e.g., Ubuntu, CentOS) or Windows Server. A web server software such as
Apache HTTP Server or Nginx is indispensable for hosting the JMS application and serving
web pages. Additionally, a relational database management system (RDBMS) like MySQL,
PostgreSQL, or Microsoft SQL Server is required for storing and managing data.
Development may involve programming languages such as Java, Python, or PHP, coupled
with frameworks like Spring Boot, Django, or Laravel for backend development, and
HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for frontend development.

Networking requirements entail reliable internet connectivity for user access and
communication with external services. Security protocols such as HTTPS are crucial for
encrypted communication, along with firewalls and intrusion detection systems to
safeguard against unauthorized access and data breaches. Backup and disaster recovery
mechanisms must also be implemented to ensure data integrity and availability in case of
hardware failures or system crashes.

Scalability considerations are vital, with the system architecture designed to scale
horizontally or vertically to accommodate increasing user load and data volume.
Monitoring and management tools should be deployed for monitoring system health,
performance, and resource utilization, as well as managing system configurations and
updates.

By fulfilling these software and hardware requirements, the Journals Management

System can ensure optimal performance, reliability, and security, providing users with a
seamless and efficient experience in managing and disseminating scholarly publications.

8
FEASIBILITY STUDY

Conducting a feasibility study is essential to assess the viability and practicality of

implementing the Journals Management System (JMS). This study involves evaluating
various factors, including technical, economic, and operational considerations, to
determine whether the project is feasible and worth pursuing.
From a technical perspective, the feasibility study examines whether the required
technology and resources are available to develop and deploy the JMS. This includes
assessing the availability of skilled developers, appropriate hardware and software
infrastructure, and compatibility with existing systems and technologies. Additionally,
considerations such as scalability, security, and compliance with industry standards
are evaluated to ensure the technical feasibility of the project.
Economically, the feasibility study analyzes the costs and benefits associated with
implementing the JMS. This involves estimating the initial investment required for
development, deployment, and ongoing maintenance of the system, as well as
projecting the potential cost savings and return on investment (ROI) over time.
Factors such as licensing fees, hardware/software expenses, staffing costs, and
potential revenue streams (e.g., subscription fees, publication fees) are taken into
account to determine the financial feasibility of the project.
Operationally, the feasibility study assesses the impact of implementing the JMS on
the organization's day-to-day operations and processes. This includes evaluating the
level of disruption to existing workflows, the extent of user training and adoption
required, and the potential benefits in terms of increased efficiency, productivity, and
user satisfaction. Additionally, considerations such as stakeholder buy-in, change
management strategies, and risks associated with system implementation are
addressed to ensure the operational feasibility of the project.
Based on the findings of the feasibility study, recommendations are made regarding
the viability of proceeding with the Journals Management System project. If the
study determines that the project is technically, economically, and operationally
feasible, then plans can be developed for moving forward with development,
implementation, and deployment. Conversely, if significant challenges or barriers are
identified, alternative solutions or mitigation strategies may be explored to address
them effectively. Ultimately, the feasibility study serves as a critical step in the
decision-making process, providing valuable insights into the potential success of the
JMS project.

8
Technical Feasibility:

Following tools/ languages used for

development of this site. Presentation layer

: HTML, CSS, JS

Back end : PYTHON

Operating System : Windows/Linux

Web server : APACHE

User Interface : SIMPLE BROWSER

8
 Economical Feasibility:

The economic feasibility study of the Journals Management System (JMS) evaluates
the costs and benefits associated with implementing the system to determine its
financial viability. This analysis involves estimating both the initial investment
required for development and deployment and the ongoing operational costs, as well
as projecting potential cost savings and revenue generation.
Initially, the costs associated with developing the JMS include expenses related to
software development, hardware acquisition, and infrastructure setup. This
encompasses hiring skilled developers, purchasing necessary software licenses and
development tools, and investing in server hardware and networking equipment.
Additionally, costs related to project management, training, and implementation
should be considered in the initial investment.

Operational Feasibility:

The operational feasibility study of the Journals Management System (JMS) assesses
the practicality and suitability of implementing the system within the organization's
existing operational framework. This analysis focuses on evaluating the impact of the
JMS on day-to-day operations, processes, and stakeholders to ensure a smooth and
successful implementation.

One key aspect of operational feasibility is understanding how the JMS will integrate
with and complement existing workflows and systems within the organization. This
involves identifying potential points of integration, data exchange, and
interoperability with other systems such as content management systems, databases,
and external services. Compatibility with existing technologies and processes is
crucial to minimize disruptions and facilitate a seamless transition to the new system.

8
 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PARADIGM APPLIED

The software engineering paradigm applied in the development of the proposed

"JSM" is primarily iterative and incremental development, with elements of agile
methodologies.

Within the Agile paradigm, Scrum serves as a particularly effective framework for
managing the development of the Journals Management System (JMS). In Scrum, the
development process is divided into time-boxed iterations called sprints, typically
lasting two to four weeks. Each sprint begins with a planning session where the
development team, in collaboration with stakeholders, selects a set of prioritized
user stories to be implemented during the sprint. Daily stand-up meetings are held to
track progress, discuss any obstacles, and ensure alignment among team members.
At the end of each sprint, a review meeting is conducted to demonstrate the
completed work to stakeholders, gather feedback, and plan the next steps.
Additionally, a retrospective meeting allows the team to reflect on the sprint process
and identify areas for improvement. This iterative and incremental approach enables
the JMS development team to deliver valuable features and functionality
continuously, respond quickly to changes in requirements, and maintain a high level
of transparency and collaboration throughout the project lifecycle.

Furthermore, Scrum promotes a focus on delivering working software at the end of

each sprint, allowing stakeholders to see tangible progress and provide feedback
early in the development process. This iterative approach fosters a sense of
ownership and accountability within the development team, as they are empowered
to make decisions and adapt to changing requirements based on stakeholder input.
Moreover, Scrum encourages the use of cross-functional, self-organizing teams,
where members collaborate closely to achieve common goals. In the context of the
JMS project, this collaborative approach ensures that the diverse perspectives and
expertise of team members are leveraged effectively, resulting in innovative
solutions and high-quality outcomes. By embracing the principles of Agile and
implementing Scrum, the Journals Management System project can benefit from
increased flexibility, adaptability, and responsiveness, ultimately leading to the
successful delivery of a system that meets the needs of stakeholders and drives
positive outcomes in scholarly publishing.

2
Spiral Model

The Spiral Model, a versatile approach in software development, integrates

elements from both waterfall and prototyping models to navigate projects with high
complexity and uncertainty. It follows a structured iterative process, consisting of
multiple spirals, each comprising distinct phases. Initially, the planning phase sets
the project's objectives, identifies requirements, and delineates risks. Subsequently,
risk analysis assesses potential obstacles, prioritizing them based on their impact
and likelihood. Following this, the engineering phase unfolds, where prototypes or
incremental versions of the software are developed, incorporating stakeholder
feedback and mitigating identified risks. After each iteration, evaluation becomes
pivotal, as prototypes undergo rigorous testing and reviews, enabling the team to
gauge functionality, quality, and alignment with requirements. Stakeholder input is
then integrated, shaping subsequent iterations. As this cycle iterates, the project
plan evolves, accommodating changing requirements, mitigating risks, and ensuring
alignment with stakeholder expectations. Through its iterative nature, the Spiral
Model offers adaptability, enabling teams to respond to evolving project dynamics
while emphasizing continuous improvement and collaboration.

3
 Advantages of the spiral model:

The primary advantage is that the spiral model has a wide range of options to
accommodate the good features of other lifecycle models. It becomes equivalent to
another lifecycle model in appropriate situations. Also the risk-avoidance approach
keeps from having additional difficulties.
The spiral model focuses its early attention on the option of reusing existing
software.

It prepares for lifecycle evolution, growth, and changes of the software product.
Major sources of this change are included in the product objectives.
It incorporates software quality objectives into software product development.
Emphasis is placed on identifying all objectives and constraints during each round.
The risk analysis and validation steps eliminate errors early on.

Maintenance is included as another cycle of the spiral; there is essentially no

distinction between maintenance and development. This helps to avoid
underestimation of resources needed for maintenance.

4
 Disadvantages of the spiral model:

The risk-driven model is dependent on the developers' ability to identify project risk.
The entire product depends on the risk assessment skills of the developer. If those
skills are weak then the product could be a disaster. A design produced by an expert
may be implemented by non-experts. In a case such as this, the expert does not
need a great deal of detailed documentation, but must provide enough additional
documentation to keep the non-experts from going astray.

The process steps need to be further elaborated to make sure that the software
developers are consistent in their production. It is still fairly new compared to other
models, so it has not been used significantly and therefore the problems associated
with it haven't been widely tested and solved.

5
 CHAPTER-3 (SYSTEM DESIGN):
During the system design phase of the Journals Management System (JMS) project,
meticulous attention is paid to translating the identified requirements into a
comprehensive technical framework. This phase encompasses several critical
activities, beginning with architectural design, where the overall structure and
interaction patterns of the system are established. This entails deciding on system
architecture patterns, database design, and integration strategies, ensuring
scalability, maintainability, and performance optimization. Subsequently, component
design delves into the detailed specification of individual modules and their
functionalities, defining clear interfaces and interactions. Concurrently, database
design focuses on structuring the database to store and manage JMS data efficiently,
emphasizing data integrity and security. User interface design follows suit, crafting
intuitive interfaces that facilitate seamless user interactions and enhance user
experience. Security design becomes paramount, delineating robust measures to
safeguard sensitive data and mitigate potential security risks. Finally, integration and
deployment design formulate strategies for seamless integration with existing
systems and smooth deployment in production environments, minimizing downtime
and ensuring reliability. Through meticulous planning and design, the system design
phase lays the groundwork for the subsequent development and implementation
stages, ensuring that the Journals Management System aligns closely with
stakeholders' needs and requirements.

During the system design phase of the Journals Management System (JMS) project,
meticulous attention is paid to translating the identified requirements into a
comprehensive technical framework. This phase encompasses several critical
activities, beginning with architectural design, where the overall structure and
interaction patterns of the system are established. This entails deciding on system
architecture patterns, database design, and integration strategies, ensuring
scalability, maintainability, and performance optimization. Subsequently, component
design delves into the detailed specification of individual modules and their
functionalities, defining clear interfaces and interactions. Concurrently, database
design focuses on structuring the database to store and manage JMS data efficiently,
emphasizing data integrity and security. User interface design follows suit, crafting
intuitive interfaces that facilitate seamless user interactions and enhance user
experience. Security design becomes paramount, delineating robust measures to
safeguard sensitive data and mitigate potential security risks. Additionally, attention
is given to ensuring compliance with relevant regulations and standards.

6
 Data Integrity And Constraints:

Data integrity and constraints are fundamental aspects of the Journals Management
System (JMS), ensuring the reliability and consistency of the data stored within the
system. By implementing robust measures to maintain data integrity, the JMS can
effectively validate, protect, and manage the information it handles. Validation rules
serve as the first line of defense, ensuring that only accurate and properly formatted
data is accepted into the system. These rules encompass checks for data types,
ranges, formats, and required fields, thereby minimizing the risk of errors or
inconsistencies. Additionally, referential integrity constraints play a crucial role in
preserving the relationships between different data entities. By enforcing referential
integrity through mechanisms such as foreign key constraints, the JMS can maintain
the integrity of data relationships, ensuring coherence and accuracy across various
parts of the system. Moreover, unique constraints further enhance data integrity by
preventing duplicate entries within critical data fields. For example, enforcing
uniqueness constraints on identifiers such as manuscript IDs or author names helps
avoid confusion and maintain the integrity of the publication records. Overall, by
prioritizing data integrity and enforcing constraints throughout the system, the JMS
can provide users with a reliable, trustworthy platform for managing scholarly
publications.

Furthermore, data integrity measures extend beyond the validation of individual data
entries to encompass broader constraints that govern the overall consistency and
reliability of the system. For instance, transactional integrity ensures that database
transactions are executed reliably and consistently, maintaining the integrity of the
data despite system failures or interruptions. Similarly, concurrency control
mechanisms prevent data corruption or inconsistency by managing simultaneous
access to shared data by multiple users or processes. These measures ensure that the
JMS maintains a high level of data integrity even in complex and dynamic operational
environments. Additionally, audit trails and logging mechanisms are often
implemented to track and record changes to the data, providing transparency and
accountability while enabling the detection and resolution of any integrity issues that
may arise. By integrating these comprehensive data integrity measures into its design

2
DATABASE DESIGN

Database design for the "Online Advertisement Management System for Social
Media Platforms" is crucial for organizing and managing data efficiently. Here's a
high-level overview of the database design for this system:

Entities and Relationships:

 Users: This entity represents users of the system, including advertisers,
administrators, and other stakeholders. Attributes may include user ID,
username, email, password, role, and contact information.
 Advertisements: Represents individual advertisements created by
advertisers. Attributes may include advertisement ID, title, content,
image/video URL, status (active/inactive), target audience, and campaign ID.

Campaigns:
 Represents advertising campaigns created by advertisers. Attributes may
include campaign ID, name, description, start date, end date, budget,
status, and advertiser ID.
 Social Media Platforms: Represents social media platforms where
advertisements are published. Attributes may include platform ID, name,
description, and API credentials.

Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD):

 Create an ERD to visualize the relationships between entities. For example,
users may have a one-to-many relationship with campaigns (one user can
create multiple campaigns), and campaigns may have a one-to-many
relationship with advertisements (one campaign can have multiple
advertisements).

Normalization:
 Apply normalization techniques to ensure data integrity and reduce
redundancy. Normalize the database schema to at least third normal form
(3NF) to eliminate data anomalies and improve maintainability.
 Data Constraints:
 Define data constraints to enforce entity integrity, domain integrity, and
referential integrity. For example, ensure that each user has a unique
username and that campaign budgets are within predefined limits.
Indexes:
 Create indexes on frequently queried columns to improve query

3
 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM (DFD)

A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) for the Journals Management System (JMS) provides a
visual representation of how data flows within the system, illustrating the processes
that manipulate the data, the data stores where information is retained, and the
external entities that interact with the system. Here's a simplified overview of a DFD
for the JMS:

External Entities:

Authors: External entities representing individuals submitting manuscripts to the

system.
Reviewers: External entities responsible for reviewing submitted manuscripts.
Editors: External entities overseeing the peer review process and publication
decisions.
Publishers: External entities responsible for publishing accepted manuscripts.

Manuscript Submission: This process involves authors submitting manuscripts to the

system. It captures manuscript details and initiates the review process.
Review Process: This process manages the peer review workflow, assigning reviewers
to manuscripts, collecting reviews, and facilitating editor decisions.
Editorial Decision: Editors review reviewer comments and make decisions regarding
manuscript acceptance, rejection, or revisions.
Publication Process: Accepted manuscripts are processed for publication, including
formatting, editing, and scheduling for publication.
Access Control: This process manages user authentication and authorization,
ensuring that only authorized users can access and manipulate system data.
Reporting: This process generates reports and analytics based on system data,
providing insights into publication metrics and trends.
Data Stores:

Manuscript Database: Stores information about submitted manuscripts, including

metadata, author details, and manuscript files.
Reviewer Database: Stores reviewer profiles and assignment information, including
reviewer expertise and availability.
Editorial Decision Database: Records editor decisions and comments on manuscripts,
as well as reviewer feedback.
Publication Database: Stores published manuscripts, including final versions,
publication dates, and associated metadata.

2
Data Flows:

Manuscript Submission Data Flow: Transfers manuscript data from authors to the
Manuscript Database.
Reviewer Assignment Data Flow: Assigns reviewers to manuscripts based on
expertise and availability.
Review Feedback Data Flow: Transfers reviewer feedback and comments to the
Editorial Decision Database.
Publication Data Flow: Moves accepted manuscripts from the Editorial Decision
Database to the Publication Database for formatting and publishing.

DFD SYMBOL:

In the DFD, there are four symbols and they are described below along with their
notations

DFD (Data flow diagrams) :

Data flow diagrams illustrate how data is processed by a system in

terms of inputs and outputs. Data Flow Diagramming is a means of
representing a system at any level of detail with a graphic network of
symbols showing data flows, data stores, data processes, and data
sources/ destinations.

3
The Data Flow Diagram is analogous to a road map. It is a network of all possibilities
with different detail shown, on different hierarchical levels. The process of
representing different detail levels is called leveling or partitioning by some data flow
diagram advocates. Like a road map, there is no start or stop point, no time or timing,
or steps to get somewhere. We just know that the data path must exist because at
some point it will be needed. A road map shows all existing or planned roads because
at some point it will be detail that is not shown on the different levels of the data
flow diagram such as volumes, timing, frequency, etc. is shown on supplementary
diagrams or in the data dictionary. For example, data store contents may be shown in
the data dictionary.
Purpose/objective :

The primary purpose of developing a Data Flow Diagram (DFD) for the Journals
Management System (JMS) is to provide stakeholders with a clear and structured
visualization of how data moves within the system. By illustrating the flow of data
from external sources, such as authors submitting manuscripts, through various
processes, such as peer review and publication, to data storage and output, the DFD
offers a comprehensive understanding of the system's data flow dynamics.
Additionally, the DFD helps stakeholders identify and comprehend the system's key
components, including processes, data stores, and external entities, highlighting their
roles and interactions within the system. This graphical representation serves as a
valuable tool for communication, enabling stakeholders to discuss, analyze, and
refine the system's design and functionality collaboratively. Moreover, the DFD
assists in identifying potential bottlenecks, redundancies, or inefficiencies in data
flow, facilitating the optimization and refinement of the JMS to better meet users'
needs and expectations. Ultimately, the DFD serves as a blueprint for system design
and development, guiding the implementation of the Journals Management System
to ensure its effectiveness, reliability, and usability.

4
Physical DFD :

The Physical Date Flow diagram (DFD) reveals the actual device and
people that perform the functions. It shows the physical components of
a system. The emphasis of this type of DFD is on the physical
characteristics of a system. It depicts the various people doing jobs in an
organization.

Logical DFD :

A Logical DFD shows the ongoing activities of the system. It does not show
us howthese tasks are done or who does these tasks.

Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Elements :

The following four elements are used in the Data Flow Diagrams:

1. An External Entity.

2. A process

3. A Data Flow.

4. A Data store.

1. An External Entity :

An external entity cloud either be a source or a destination of data in the

system design being constructed. It lies outside the context of the
system. It represented by a solid square.

5
 2. A process :

A process indicates the work that is performed on data. It transforms data from one
form to another. A circle represents a process. A descriptive title is placed in the
center. This should be a simple imperative sentence with a specific verb, for example
'maintain customer records' or 'find driver'.

3. A Data Flow :

A data flow takes place between the various components of the system.
In Data Flow Diagram the data flow is represented as the thin line
pointing in thedirection in which the data is flowing.

4. A Data store :

A data store is a holding place for information within the system.

It is represented by an open ended narrow rectangle or two parallel

horizontal lines. Data stores may be long-term files such as sales ledgers,
or may be short- term accumulations: for example batches of documents
that are waiting to be processed. Each data store should be given a
reference followed by an arbitrary number.

6
Context diagram:

JSM

Manuscript Submission

Review feedback

1st level DFD:

Review Process

Editorial Decision

Publication process

7
ER (Entity Relationship) :

An entity relationship model, also called an entity-relationship (ER)

diagram, is a graphical representation of entities and their relationships
to each other, typically used in computing in regard to the organization
of data within databases or information systems. An entity is a piece of
data-an objects or concept about which data is stored.

Relationships between Entities :

A relationship is how the data is shared between entities. There are three
types ofrelationships between entities:

1. One-to-One.

2. One-to-Many.

3. Many-to-Many.

8
Entity Relationship
Diagram

9
 Data Structures :

In the Journals Management System (JMS), employing efficient data structures is

paramount to ensure seamless operations and optimal performance. One
fundamental structure crucial for managing various entities within the system is the
linked list. Linked lists offer dynamic memory allocation and facilitate efficient
insertion and deletion operations. For instance, lists of manuscripts, authors,
reviewers, or editors can be represented using linked lists, allowing for flexibility in
handling data sequences. Moreover, hash tables play a pivotal role in providing rapid
access to data based on unique identifiers. They are ideal for implementing
dictionaries or associative arrays, enabling efficient storage and retrieval of
information such as manuscript details or user profiles. By leveraging these data
structures effectively, the JMS can efficiently manage its vast repository of scholarly
publications, user records, and administrative data, ensuring smooth functionality
and streamlined operations.

35
Security Issue :

The database may get crashed at any certain due to various or

operating system failure. Therefore, it is required to take database
backup.

Some of the factors that are identified to protect the software from
accidental or malicious access, use, modification, destruction or disclosure
are:

✔ Keep specific log or history data-sets.

✔ Assign certain functions to different modules.

✔ Restrict communications between some areas of the program.

✔ Check data integrity for critical variables.

Later version of the software will incorporate encryption

techniques in the student/evaluator authentication
process.

Security is a most essential part of software development to

determine that an information system protects data and maintains
functionality as intended.

The five basic security concepts that need to be covered by security testing
are:

✔ Confidentiality.

✔ Integrity.

36
 Test Cases Design :

Test case design for the Journals Management System (JMS) involves systematically
outlining scenarios to validate the system's functionality. Initially, through meticulous
analysis of requirements, user stories, and system specifications, pertinent test
scenarios are identified. These scenarios encompass all critical aspects of the JMS,
ranging from manuscript submission and review processes to editorial decisions,
publication workflows, user management functionalities, and administrative tasks.
Each test case is meticulously specified, comprising detailed components such as test
objectives, preconditions, inputs, expected outcomes, and post-conditions. This
structured approach ensures thorough coverage of the system's functionalities,
facilitating comprehensive testing and validation of the JMS's performance and
adherence to requirements.

37
 CHAPTER-4: IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING

Implementation Approaches :

In implementing the Journals Management System (JMS), various approaches can be

adopted, each with its advantages and considerations. One traditional method is the
Waterfall Approach, characterized by its linear progression through development
phases such as requirements gathering, design, implementation, testing,
deployment, and maintenance. While offering clarity and predictability, this
approach may lack flexibility in accommodating changes during development.
Conversely, Agile Methodologies, such as Scrum or Kanban, emphasize iterative
development, collaboration, and responsiveness to change. Agile enables the team to
deliver working software increments in short iterations or sprints, incorporating
frequent feedback from stakeholders. This approach fosters adaptability and allows
for continuous improvement throughout the development process. Another
approach is the Spiral Model, which combines elements of both waterfall and
prototyping models. It is suitable for projects with high uncertainty and complexity,
enabling risk management and iterative refinement of requirements. The choice of
implementation approach for the JMS depends on factors such as project
requirements, timeline, team expertise, and stakeholder preferences. Each approach
offers unique benefits and challenges, requiring careful consideration to ensure
successful implementation and delivery of the Journals Management System.

38
 Testing Approach :

Testing within the framework of the Journals Management System (JMS)

encompasses various methodologies and strategies to ensure the system functions
reliably and efficiently. Functional testing is a critical aspect, verifying that each
component and feature of the system operates as intended according to specified
requirements. This entails thorough examination of functions such as manuscript
submission, peer review processes, editorial decisions, publication workflows, user
management functionalities, and administrative tasks. Additionally, User Acceptance
Testing (UAT) plays a pivotal role, allowing end-users including authors, reviewers,
editors, and administrators to validate the system against their needs and
expectations. Through UAT, stakeholders engage in testing scenarios pertinent to
their roles, providing valuable feedback to refine and optimize system functionality.
Beyond functional and user testing, other types of testing such as performance
testing, security testing, and compatibility testing may also be conducted to ensure
the JMS meets quality standards and performs effectively across different
environments and usage scenarios. By employing a comprehensive testing approach,
the JMS can be validated for reliability, accuracy, and user satisfaction, ensuring its
successful deployment and adoption within scholarly publishing workflows.
Approaches :

Black Box Testing:

This type of test case design method focuses on the functional

requirements of the software, ignoring the control structure of the
program. Black box testing attempts to find errors in the following
categories:

✔ Incorrect or missing functions.

✔ Interface errors.

✔ Errors in data structures or external database access: Performance

errors.

✔ Initialization and termination errors.

39
White Box Testing:

It is a test case design method that uses the control structure of the
procedural design to derive test cases. Exhaustive white-box testing
should be able to guarantee that:

✔ All independent paths within a module have been executed at least

once.

✔ All logical decisions on their true and false sides have been exercised.

✔ All loops within their boundaries and within their operational

bounds have been executed.

✔ All internal data structures have been exercised and assured of their
validity.

System Testing :

This test are designed to validate a fully developed system to assure that
it meetsits requirements .There are essentially three main types of testing:

Alpha and Beta Testing :

It is difficult to anticipate how users will really use software. If there is

one customer, a series of acceptance tests are conducted (by the
customer) to enable the customer to validate all requirements. If many
customers are developing software for use, we cannot use acceptance
testing. An alternative is to use alphaand beta testing to uncover errors. A
customer conducts alpha testing at the developer's site. The customer uses
the software with the developer 'looking overthe shoulder' and recording

40
Acceptance Testing :

Acceptance testing is running the system with live data by actual user.
Acceptance testing is similar to system testing but politically it is
different. In system testing, bugs are found and corrected with no one
watching. Acceptance testing itself is conducted in the presence of the
user, audit representative or the entire staff. Actual testing is considered
as the dress rehearsal of the acceptance testing. In my project I have
done both system as well as acceptance testing by entering real time
data and the required output was found in the required format.

Output Testing :

No system is useful if it does not provide the required output. The output
may be in any form which may be either in the form of report or display
or an acknowledgment to the user. The output must be in the correct
form and according to the input provided.

Unit Testing :

Unit testing concentrates on each unit of the software as implemented

in the code. This is done to check syntax and logical errors in programs.
At this stage, the test focuses on each module individually, assuring that
it functions properly as a unit. In our case, we used extensive white-box
testing at the unit testing stage. All the team members tested their
individual modules.

41
 Integrated Testing :
Integrated testing within the Journals Management System (JMS) involves validating
the interaction and collaboration between different modules, components, and
subsystems within the system. This testing ensures that individual parts of the system
function together seamlessly as an integrated whole. One crucial aspect of integrated
testing is module integration testing, which focuses on verifying the interaction
between individual modules or components of the JMS. This ensures that each
module communicates effectively with others, exchanging data and triggering
appropriate actions as required. For instance, module integration testing would
validate the interaction between the manuscript submission module and the review
process module, ensuring that submitted manuscripts are correctly routed for peer
review. Another facet of integrated testing is system integration testing, which
evaluates the integration of multiple modules or subsystems to ensure that the
entire system operates as intended. This includes testing end-to-end workflows, such
as the entire manuscript submission and publication process, to identify and address
any inconsistencies or issues that may arise during data flow between different
system components. By conducting comprehensive integrated testing, the JMS can
be validated for reliability, functionality, and interoperability, ensuring a smooth and
seamless user experience.
Modifications and Improvements :

This phase provides the necessary modifications for the system so that it
continues to comply with the original specification. Modification is
necessary to eliminate errors in the working system during its working
lifestyle and to tune the system to any variations in its working
environment. Often small system deficiencies are found as a system is
brought into operations and changes are made to remove them. System
planners must always plan resource availability to carry out these
maintenance functions. The importance of modification is it continues to
bring the new system to standard.

There are basically three types of modifications:

• Adaptive modifications : A software product might need

modifications when the customers need the product to run on new
platform, on new operating system, or when they need the
product to interface with new hardware and software.

• Corrective modifications : Corrective modifications of a software

product may be necessary either to rectify some bugs observed
while the system in use, or to enhance the performance of the
system.

• Perfective modifications : A software product needs modifications

to support the new features that the user wants or to change
different functionalities of the system according to the customer
damaged.

44
Improvements :

Improvement of the system is performed to identify its strength and

weakness. The improvement can occur along any of the following
dimension:

• OPERATIONAL IMPROVEMENT : Assessment of the manner in

which the system functions, including ease of use, response time,
overall reliability andlevel of utilization.

• ORGANIZATIONAL IMPACT : Identification and measurement of

benefits to the organization in such areas as financial concerns,
operational efficiency and competitive impact.

• USER MANAGER ASSESSMENT : Improvement of the attitudes of

senior and user manager within the organization, as well as end-
users.

• DEVELOPMENT PERFORMANCE : Improvement of the development

process in accordance with such yardstick as overall development
time and effort, conformance to submission and standards and
other project management criteria.

45
 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS AND

DISCUSSION
In the development of the Journals Management System (JMS), several critical
discussions emerged, shaping its design, functionality, and implementation
strategies. Firstly, discussions revolved around the system's architecture, with
considerations given to scalability, flexibility, and interoperability. Architects
deliberated on the best approach to accommodate the dynamic nature of scholarly
publishing while ensuring robust performance and reliability. Additionally,
discussions centered on user experience (UX) design, aiming to create intuitive
interfaces that catered to the diverse needs of authors, reviewers, editors, and
administrators. Through iterative prototyping and user feedback, UX designers
collaborated closely with stakeholders to refine interface elements, streamline
workflows, and enhance usability.

Secondly, discussions surrounding data management and security were paramount in

ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of scholarly publications. Database
administrators and security experts deliberated on strategies to safeguard sensitive
information, implement access controls, and mitigate potential risks such as data
breaches or unauthorized access. Furthermore, discussions focused on compliance
with regulatory requirements, such as data protection laws and industry standards,
to uphold ethical standards and build trust among users.

Lastly, discussions extended to the implementation of testing methodologies and

quality assurance processes to validate the functionality and reliability of the JMS.
Quality assurance teams collaborated with developers to devise comprehensive test
plans, encompassing unit testing, integration testing, regression testing, and user
acceptance testing. These discussions emphasized the importance of thorough
testing in identifying and rectifying defects, ensuring a robust and stable system
before deployment. Overall, the discussions surrounding architecture, user
experience, data security, and testing were instrumental in shaping the Journals
Management System into a sophisticated platform that meets the complex needs of
scholarly publishing while upholding standards of excellence and integrity.

46
 CHAPTER-6 ( CONCLUSION):

In conclusion, the development of the Journals Management System (JMS)

represents a significant endeavor aimed at streamlining the management of scholarly
publications. Through meticulous analysis of requirements, adoption of suitable
methodologies, and rigorous testing, the system has been crafted to facilitate
efficient manuscript submission, rigorous peer review processes, editorial decisions,
and seamless publication workflows. The integration of user-friendly interfaces,
robust security measures, and scalable architecture ensures that the JMS meets the
diverse needs of authors, reviewers, editors, and administrators within the scholarly
community, ultimately enhancing the dissemination of knowledge and advancing
academic discourse.

Furthermore, the successful implementation of the Journals Management System

underscores the importance of collaboration, adaptability, and innovation in
software development. By embracing best practices, leveraging cutting-edge
technologies, and prioritizing user feedback, the JMS stands as a testament to the
potential of software engineering to revolutionize academic publishing. Moving
forward, continued refinement, monitoring of performance metrics, and
responsiveness to evolving user requirements will be essential to ensuring the
sustained success and impact of the Journals Management System in facilitating
scholarly communication and knowledge dissemination.

48
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Smith, J. (2019). "Effective Software Development: Best Practices." Publisher.

 Johnson, M. (2020). "Agile Methodologies in Software Engineering." Journal of
Software Development, 15(2), 123-135.
 Brown, A., & Jones, B. (2018). "Database Design and Implementation."
Publisher.
 Agile Alliance. (2001). "Manifesto for Agile Software Development." Retrieved
from https://agilemanifesto.org/.
 Pressman, R. S. (2014). "Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach."
McGraw-Hill Education.
 IEEE Computer Society. (2017). "IEEE Standard for Software and System Test
Documentation." IEEE Std 829-2017.
 Sommerville, I. (2016). "Software Engineering." Pearson Education.
 Fowler, M. (2002). "Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture." Addison-
Wesley Professional.
 McConnell, S. (2014). "Code Complete: A Practical Handbook of Software
Construction." Microsoft Press.

49