Cementing Head

2 Wiper Plugs Cement slurry

Cemented
Surface

Conductor
Casing

Surface
Casing String

Borehole Water

Cement

Intermediate
Casing String

Intermediate
Casing String

Tubing

Cementing Job
Packer

Hydrocarbon
Production
Casing String

Azher Al-rajhi
 Cementing
Oil well cementing is the process of mixing and displacing a slurry down the
casing and up the annulus, behind the casing, where is allowed to “set”, thus
bonding the casing to the formation. The main ingredient in most cements is
“Portland” cement, a mixture of limestone and clay.

Cementing process

1-Primary cementing 2-Squeeze cementing

-Seal the wellbore to prevent
flow of formation fluids in the
annular space
outside the casing
-Provide support for the casing
-Protect casing from corrosion
(in some cases)
-Provide thermal insulation
(geothermal and steam injection
wells)
Squeeze Cementing is the
process of applying hydraulic
pressure to force or squeeze a
cement slurry into the desired
perforations, fractures, channels,
or voids and force filtrate water
from the slurry to create a solid
mass which will harden to
provide the desired seal.
 API Cement Classifications
According to API Standards 10A, the cement classified into 8 cement types
from (CLASS A to CLASS H). Class G and H are the most widely used.
CLASS A
CLASS B
CLASS C
CLASS D
CLASS E
CLASS F
CLASS G
CLASS H

Cement additives
1-Accelerators – decrease setting time
2-Retarders – increase setting time
3-Light Weight Additives – reduce slurry density
4-Fluid Loss Control
5-Dispersants – friction reducers
6-Heavy Weight – increasing density
7-Defoamers – reduce and release entrained air when mixing
8-Lost Circulation
9-Gas Migration – preventing gas migration and channeling in the annulus
10-Expansion – increased bonding and channel reduction
 Functions of Cementing
Protecting producing formations
Providing support for the casing
Protecting the casing from corrosion
Sealing off troublesome zones
Protecting the borehole in the event of problems

Checking Cementing job

By cement Bond Logging.
CBL is a special logging operation carried out to determine the
bond integrity between casing-to-cement and cement-to-
formation.
 Cementing job overview
Remove drill pipe and bit.

Run steel casing (Has Float shoe) to bottom.

Run Mud Circulating to remove any cuttings (Conditioning).

Pumping the Spacer/Flush into the casing to remove the mud from the well.
(Chemical flush helps thin & disperse mud in wellbore & annulus (space between casing &
formation). Spacer's job is to keep mud & slurry separated)

Prepare cement slurry (Mix water + dry cement + additives).There are 2 kinds of slurry: lead
& tail slurry. Lead is a low density slurry for covering the upper part of the annulus. Tail
slurry is a higher density slurry for covering the shoe.

Drop wiper plug, to remove any remaining mud in the casing.

Once slurry is mixed to correct density, it is pumped from cementing unit through cement
head & into csng, & then displaced to annulus.

Another wiper plug is dropped, with mud. To remove the cement slurry inside the casing.

Slurry is forced out the bottom of the casing & up into annulus. When top plug reaches
bottom plug it is sealed or "bumped" with bottom plug by a pressure increase.

The process is complete. When there is a pressure increase indicated at the surface.

When slurry hardens in annulus, it forms barrier btweenw casing & formation.