Slajd 2: The title slide shows a crescent moon, which is commonly

referred to as the symbol of Islam.At the beginning, it is worth noting that Islam is a
monotheistic religion.What does it mean? This is a type of faith in which one believes in one
god.

Slajd 3: There are two basic groups of Islam: the Sunnis (about 80% of the world's Muslims)
and the Shi'ites (about 20% of the world's Muslims).

Slajd 4 i 5: The origins are dated to the 7th century AD. The place where this religion began
to develop is Arabia, including Mecca. It should be emphasized that Muhammad is a prophet
in Islam.The year 610 is considered to be the beginning of the revelations that Muhammad
experienced in the cave of Hira. The Quran was revealed to him by the Archangel Gabriel.
The initial message of Islam was the unity of God ,mercy, justice. The key date is
Mahomed's escape from Mecca to Medina , which he was forced to do by his opponents. It
is also the date from which Muslims begin to measure time and is the starting date in their
calendar. This escape is known as hirja.

Slajd 6:
· Abu Bakr He was a close companion of the Prophet Muhammad, the first caliph after
his death. He was believed to have been democratically elected by the Muslim community.
He was responsible for the first ordering of the Quran.
· * Umar
· * Uthman
● Ali The fourth caliph, son-in-law of the prophet, husband of Muhammad's daughter -
Fatima. His leadership was controversial

The four caliphs, known as "Rashidun" or "rightful caliphs", play a key role in Islamic history.
Their leadership is valued by both Sunnis and Shiites, although interpretations of their act
It was believed that Fatima and Ali had offspring who became the line of spiritual leadership
in the Shi'ite community. These descendants, known as Imami, are considered spiritual heirs
in Shiism.

Slajd 7: 5 phillars of islam

shanada - confession of fight
salat - prayer five times a day
zakat - almsgiving for social purposes
sawm - fasting in the month of Ramadan
hajj - pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime

Slajd 8:
Muslims have six major beliefs:
​ Belief in one God (Allah)

​ Belief in the Angels

 ​ Belief in the holy books sent to all the prophets including Torah that was revealed to
the prophet Moses, Bible that was revealed to the prophet Jesus, and Qur'an (Koran)
that was revealed to the prophet Muhammad
​ Belief in all the prophets sent by God including Noah, Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac,
Jacob, Moses, Jesus and Muhammad. Although Muslims believe in Isa or Jesus they
don't think of Jesus as the Son of God the way Christians do.
​ Belief in the Day of Judgment and life after death. The best reward for performing
good deeds is getting closer to God.
​ Belief in divine decree. This means that God is all-powerful and nothing can happen
without His permission, however, he has given human beings freedom to choose
whether to be good or bad. In the end, everyone will be questioned about how they
lived in this life.

Slajd 9:
Holly books:
The word "Quran" comes from the Arabic word al-kur'ān, which means "recitation," because
the Quran was originally transmitted orally. According to Islam and the Quran itself, its
creator is Allah. The Quran consists of 114 suras (chapters), which in turn are divided into
ayahs (verses). There are 90 Meccan surahs and 24 Medinan surahs, depending on the
place of their revelation. Surahs in the Qur'an are usually arranged according to length, from
the longest to the shortest
sunnah - in Sunni Islam, it is a collection of stories from the life of Muhammad, his opinions
on faith and life. In other branches, e.g. Shiism, stories related to its successors recognized
by a given branch of Islam were added to the basic sunna. Knowledge of the sunna is a
necessary requirement for knowledge of Islamic law.

Slajd 10:
Hierarchy :
Imam: The leader of prayer in a mosque.
Caliph: Muhammad's successor, political leader.
Ulama: Scholar in Islamic theology.
Sheikh: A distinguished title for senior or respected religious leaders.

Slajd 11 i 12:
prohibitions and sanctions :
​ Shirk (Polytheism): Islam strictly prohibits associating partners with Allah. The belief
in the oneness of God (Tawhid) is fundamental, and engaging in polytheistic
practices is considered a major sin.
​ Alcohol and Intoxicants: The consumption of alcoholic beverages and any substance
that causes intoxication is prohibited in Islam. This is based on several Quranic
verses and hadiths condemning the harmful effects of alcohol on individuals and
society.
​ Interest (Usury or Riba): Islam prohibits the charging or paying of interest on loans.
Usury is considered exploitative and detrimental to social justice. Instead, Islam
encourages fair and ethical economic practices.
​ Gambling (Maysir) and Games of Chance: Engaging in gambling or games of
chance, which rely on luck or chance rather than skill, is prohibited in Islam. This
includes activities like gambling, lotteries, and similar practices.
​ Backbiting (Ghiba) and Slander: Islam emphasizes the importance of guarding one's
tongue and prohibits speaking ill of others, spreading false rumors, and engaging in
slander or backbiting. Maintaining the dignity and reputation of individuals is highly
valued.
​ Theft and Robbery: Theft and robbery are strictly forbidden in Islam. The Quran
prescribes severe punishments for crimes related to theft but also encourages the
establishment of a just and equitable society that addresses the root causes of such
offenses.
​ Adultery and Fornication: Islam prohibits extramarital relations and emphasizes the
sanctity of marriage. Adultery and fornication are considered major sins, and the
Quran prescribes punishments for such offenses in an Islamic legal framework.
​ Eating Pork and Consuming Swine Flesh: The consumption of pork and products
derived from pigs is prohibited in Islam. This prohibition is based on Quranic verses
that outline dietary laws for Muslims.
​ False Testimony (False Oaths): Islam condemns bearing false witness and giving
false testimony. Honesty, integrity, and truthfulness are emphasized, and those who
engage in false testimony may face serious consequences.
​ Violence and Aggression: Islam prohibits unjustified violence and aggression.
Self-defense is allowed, but unjust harm to others is strictly forbidden. Islam
encourages peaceful coexistence and the resolution of conflicts through dialogue and
negotiation.

​ * Shirk (Polytheism): Islam strictly prohibits associating partners with Allah. The belief
in the oneness of God (Tawhid) is fundamental, and engaging in polytheistic
practices is considered a major sin.
​ * Alcohol and Intoxicants: The consumption of alcoholic beverages and any
substance that causes intoxication is prohibited in Islam. This is based on several
Quranic verses and hadiths condemning the harmful effects of alcohol on individuals
and society.
​ * Interest (Usury or Riba): Islam prohibits the charging or paying of interest on loans.
Usury is considered exploitative and detrimental to social justice. Instead, Islam
encourages fair and ethical economic practices.
​ * Gambling (Maysir) and Games of Chance: Engaging in gambling or games of
chance, which rely on luck or chance rather than skill, is prohibited in Islam. This
includes activities like gambling, lotteries, and similar practices.
​ * Backbiting (Ghiba) and Slander: Islam emphasizes the importance of guarding
one's tongue and prohibits speaking ill of others, spreading false rumors, and
engaging in slander or backbiting. Maintaining the dignity and reputation of
individuals is highly valued.
​ * Theft and Robbery: Theft and robbery are strictly forbidden in Islam. The Quran
prescribes severe punishments for crimes related to theft but also encourages the
establishment of a just and equitable society that addresses the root causes of such
offenses.
 ​ * Adultery and Fornication: Islam prohibits extramarital relations and emphasizes the
sanctity of marriage. Adultery and fornication are considered major sins, and the
Quran prescribes punishments for such offenses in an Islamic legal framework.
​ * Eating Pork and Consuming Swine Flesh: The consumption of pork and products
derived from pigs is prohibited in Islam. This prohibition is based on Quranic verses
that outline dietary laws for Muslims.
​ * False Testimony (False Oaths): Islam condemns bearing false witness and giving
false testimony. Honesty, integrity, and truthfulness are emphasized, and those who
engage in false testimony may face serious consequences.
​ * Violence and Aggression: Islam prohibits unjustified violence and aggression.
Self-defense is allowed, but unjust harm to others is strictly forbidden. Islam
encourages peaceful coexistence and the resolution of conflicts through dialogue and
negotiation.

Slajd 13:
Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar observed by Muslims worldwide as a
month of fasting (sawm), prayer (salah), reflection, and community. A commemoration of
Muhammad's first revelation, the annual observance of Ramadan is regarded as one of the
Five Pillars of Islam and lasts twenty-nine to thirty days, from one sighting of the crescent
moon to the next
Accordingly, during the hours of fasting, Muslims refrain not only from food and drink, but
also tobacco products, sexual relations, and sinful behavior, devoting themselves instead to
prayer and study of the Quran.

Slajd 14:
Salat is the obligatory Muslim prayers, performed five times each day by Muslims. It is the
second Pillar of Islam.
God ordered Muslims to pray at five set times of day:
● Salat al-fajr: dawn, before sunrise
● Salat al-zuhr: midday, after the sun passes its highest
● Salat al-'asr: the late part of the afternoon
● Salat al-maghrib: just after sunset
● Salat al-'isha: between sunset and midnight
In Islamic countries, the public call to prayer from the mosques sets the rhythm of the day for
the entire population

Slajd 15:
One of the five pillars of Islam central to Muslim belief, Hajj is the pilgrimage to Mecca that
every Muslim must make at least once in their lifetime if they are able.
Hajj involves a series of rituals that take place in and around Mecca over a period of five to
six days. The first of these is tawaf in which pilgrims walk around the Ka‘ba seven times in
an anti-clockwise direction.

Slajd 16:
Controversial points:
Role of Women: There are ongoing debates in many Muslim communities about the role of
women in society. Some argue that traditional norms and practices are unequal towards
women, while others defend these traditions as consistent with Islamic teachings.

Terrorism and Extremism: Extreme radical groups such as ISIS have gained prominence in
the context of Islam, causing widespread controversy. Most Muslims reject terrorism and
violence, but associating Islam with acts of extremism can lead to stereotypes and
prejudices.

Religious Schooling: There are differences in the interpretation of Islam among different
theological schools such as Shiism and Sunnism. These differences sometimes lead to
conflicts and misunderstandings.

Human Rights: Critics point out that in some Muslim countries existing laws and practices do
not comply with international human rights standards, especially in the context of religious
freedom and gender equality.

Apostasy: In some Muslim countries, apostasy (leaving Islam) is treated as a crime or even
a punishable crime. This is controversial from the point of view of freedom of religion and
conscience